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4S-5o Pallentes, bellom violet sor, a some thinh. all-1lowerS . anothi, dili or lannet, an aromati plant With a yello flower. QRSia, an aromatic hrub sponge-saxi Wit leave like the olive G. ii. 62. Vaecinia above l. 18 here hyacinths.' mollia, tending or pliant: 'So o com Ecl. iv. 28 hones necks G. iii 2 o , avin hai Aen. i. 683. Se Dr. Kennedy' note here calta chrysanthemum' or mari gold.' SI. mala, i. e. thos calle Cydonia' perhaps quinces : p. Martiat, X. a Tam dubia est lanugo tibi tam mollis, ut illam Halitus et Soles et levi aura terat Celantur simili ventura Cydonia lana, odice virgineo quae Spoliata nitent.' his descriptio suggest the loo of eacheS: but Plin telis us the were notanown in Ital tili later. 53, 5 . Cereta, of WaXen colour, elloW. huic quoquo his apple Ooshal have due honour. Corydon spealis a though standin in hi garden, tumin to the disserent planis huic is sed δεικτικως like Greeli δε. Dmina ; Onos. O the hiatus se note o Aen. i. o5. Proxima, Whicli comes nexi,' either in the garden se on huic above or in the ouquet
6 I. TCes, no Cities in generat but Athens, hich to a Gree shepherdwould e the nobies of Cities. 66 iugo, abi instrum. it roserunt, dra home. SuSDenSR, Plisted, o asino toriouch the ground opposed to 'depressa, and probablythe Same idea as vomerem inversum Hor Epod. i. A, though Somequot thi to Suppor another explanation suspensa iugo hanging Domine oke'-i. e. the pol temo ' bein titted on to the op of the oke soas to throw the plough on iis ach. For Suspensa' p. Aen. Vii. IO, Suspenso gradu ire' o tiptoe, lightly Ter Phorm. V. 6. 28, evagata noctu SuSpenso pede Phaedr. i. . 8, suspensa levans digitis vestigia primis Ciris Ia, tenui suspendere sulco G. i. 68 an for iugo reserunt, OV FaSt. V. 97 ' Tempus erat, quo verSa iugo reseruntur aratra.'
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practica experience, as in G. i. a where se Con. : p. Lucr. v. 852 ex usu vitaque the experience of lis . In usu usus venit happens
the word seems to mean occasion.'
MENALCAS. DAMOETAS PALAEMON. rustic in ing-malch, modet ted ora Theocritus est . Idyli etweentu o herilsmen, Menalcas and Damoetas, illi Palaemon a unipire. TheySin alternat couplet amoebaean' singing), an Palaemon declares thematch drawn. The cener is parti Sicilian, ut o speciali locali se l. The date is uncertain ut it was ritten e re et v. Ecl. v. 87 . Itspealis o Pollio it 8 -89 as encourastin Virgil in pastora poetry, and the inferetice has been lawn that it mus have been writte no later than B. C. 43, the 2 7t of Virgir age, hen Pollio as appotnted legatus in Gallia Cisalpina ut his an harillyae talien asin deci Sive and mari . I. Cuium This adjectiva pronouia ad ecome obsolet in Virgi I stime, an his se of it a parodi ed by an unlinown critic Ribb. Prol. viii. p. 99 Dic mihi Damoeta cuium pecus V anne Latinum ' on verum Aegonis nostri sic rure loquuntur. It is ound in PlautUS, . g. Trin. i. 2. Cui vox prope me Sonat i in Terence, e . g. And. v. 4. cuium puerum ' and oncei Cicero Verr. i. I. 5 , apparenti in a legat formula
cuia res Sit, cuium Periculum .' 3-6. Pse. The master; cp. Plaut. Cas. v. a. Ego eo quo me ipsa
misit, Ter And. i. a. 23 ipsus tristis, and Juv. V. 86. Con an lother quot Catuli. iii 6 suamque norat Ipsam tam bene quam Puella matrem,' here howeve R. Edis ahes ipsam matrem together. P. the proverbia Phrase αυτυς εφα the aster aid, orig. os Pythagoras, os Socrate Ar Νub. I9-Whence ou ipse dixit. For the hiatus iecori et se Introd. IV.
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hemo have han de ove to mel As impers indie states a fac in pasttime the imp. Conj. States a supposition o possibilit in ast time the Englis idio foruhichris luperfeci, should have, ' could have, etα, andit Potnt of vie is the momenti spea ing whereas the Latin diomaoeSbach ascit ere to the pagi and then mahes it supposition. p. Plaut. Tim. i. a. 96 Non illi argentum redderem Non redderes, Ter And. i. I. III diceret' of someth in past , he might have aid. G. V. O , Aen. iii. 87, viii. 43. Poctctor here, as osten, is noto give bach butio ive ut o properly to the right person: p. reddere litteras. Ofth letter carrier' delivery rationem reddere,' to render an account,'
25-27. tu illum, c. cicisti, Dom victus above fistula, the ian- Pipe, Gh. συριγξ, os stallis astene with acor stringS. The materiai, whic varied is osten ut for the instrument liget thus avena' i. ), CalamUS' i Io), arundo' vi S), cicuta' v. 85). in triviis, in the
Eudoxu O Cnidus B C. 36 in astrologia facile princeps' Cic. de Div. ii. a), WhOSe Phaenomena' i. e. hie and eather Forecasis Were versified by Aratus, 27 B.C. Such Wortis ere sed by samerS, as almana Sare noW. eseripsit actio furace Wit his rod; apparently as in Aen. vi. 85O a phras sor scientific delineatio in generat ordem, i .e of the whole heavens curvus, iending ove the plough), ' arator, ni Si incurvus, praevaricatur' liny, xviii. I9. 45. molli, i .e movili sost' or iliant, render the No ακανθος of
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9, O numquam hoctie, a colloquial phrase, mund in the comi poets, e g. Plaut. ASin iii. 3. Qui hodie numquam ad vesperum vivam: CP. Aen. i. 67o Voniam, etc. I ill come to any term yo chooSe.' Menalcas hegins ascis he wished som particula judge ut catchin Sightos Palaemon, substitutes his name ni let ou judne e well, theman comin there, Palaemon.' Dr. Kenned would place a comma aster Palaemon mali in auctiat tantum dummodo' the protasis, and emeiam the apodosis of a conditiona sentence: ut in his te he tandS
52, 53. Quin ago, ' come o then: se note loci. I. Quem utam, C.
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allude to in the nex line ei a time os abstinence Iollas is to sendPhyllis for the former, ut come imself so the alter moero sc.
sacra' , lihe k. ρέ ,ειν, and operari' G. i. 339, i a common Phras for Sacrificitig vitula, abi mater. a With immolare mor. d. i. 4. II.
84, 85 Pollio: p. Hor. d. ii. I. I , Sat. i. o. and se Introd. II. B. 2. Vitulam ei ther as a sacrifice in honour os Pollio' visit, o for his Sasely S also taurum l. 86. Con thinks the are riges for disserent
Lind of poeir composed by Pollio, hocis critic 'lector' i l. 85, poeti l. 6. The abrupi introduction o Pollio in Virgirs ritings resulis
Dom the tendencyrio confuse the hepher and the poet se Ecl. i. 86, 7. nova is somelimes explainen I uniri edaeire, an so conspicuous: ' a Degh. i. e. hecis in the habit of writi nil 3 on resti Subjecis, i. e. sabulae togatae; or as a mere amplificationis the dea os si ipso, in tum: ' 3 gives to much to litile, tres to nova; ' Ι is excluded by sacis, o Palaemon' poem Were tragedie an not nova in his sense and we are est With a), the genera idea eine Pollio to is a poet. Detat, subj., hows that the antecedent of Qui isno a Particular laurus, but a claSs, Such a ne as. Transi. ieed me a hul that . . . .'
96. Peleo. The regula orthograph os his and ther compound os iacio in Plautus abicio,' eicio,' inicio. reicio,' subicio, etc. Lucretius alsouges eiecto' ii. 95Ι , traiecto. In Virgil time the forins eiicio,' reiicio, etc. ere normal but the horter sorm remat ne in se. as here, and the est MSS. somelimes ive the longe lam it e no i: e. g. . i. 333 deiecit. See advig, Emend. Livian. p. I9o Munro and Lachmam o Lucr. i. 95IG RamSV, Proteg. to Plaut. Mostellaria,
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Wam citi nil Cic. Tusc. i. 26 quo nec in deo quidquam maius intelligi potest, ' and Plin. H. N. xvii. 4. Donatus Introd. II. B. 6 on Ter Eun. i. a. 38 Hisce arbitrantur, quote his in his passage a an archai nomin. Plur.; and nequo amor ausa St, a parenthesis. Misce,' 'heis are fouia onSome old inscriptions e. g. C. I. 565 dat IO B. C. WHeisce magistreis aedificandum coiraverunt' Wordsworth, p. 222 p. his Introd. ix. 9 and
has been restored by Ritschi in Severat Passage of PlautuS, . g. Tim. V. a. 36, Mosteli. i. a. 77 illisce'), Rud. i. . . ut there is no therexample in the MSS. of post-Terenti an literature. Io3. faSoinat, indic. so a SPic ut . . . laetantur Ecl. v. 52 Cp. . t 57, iii. 25O, Aen. i. 78o. Nescio quis ' aspice ut, videri ut, and the like, hecam mere rhetorica expresSions in hicli the origina construction o adependent interrogation is orgoiten.
io , Io 5. The tradition that Virgil here intended the tombis one Caelius by a ui on caeli), who ad os everything ut an enough for agrave is a last resor os hos who is to rea a riddie of hicli the keyis tost, and whicli perhaps neve had a hey. The competitor seem to endi, propoundita impossibi queStion to acti ther and the umpire thenthinks it is timerio sto them non amDlius : in his an Simila PhraseS Cp. . v. o 7 Aen. i. 6, 3 the numera adject an subSt. are in accus. os duration time or pace), and the neut comparative is in apposition- three elis, o more; one night, o more. The figure is common in
English, it a copula introduced- Then et hi in e Dictator for si x
admitte by Benile into the ex o Tereiace: and though alimSS. hereagre in readini aut, the ac that in the decline os Latin the se of the
aspirate a much restricte in pronunciation, and there re in riting, malle thei testimon tes conclusive than it seem at rs sight. Might we accepi haut . . . aut, an reniter Nou are orth and o is veryone ho hallisei the stirini froni the Pleagures of love nor experiene any os iis bit ter feelings ' i. e. hoeve is a bold an a true love l
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e date os his poem is B. C. O in hic year Pollio as ne of the consuis. It immediate occasion a the eace of Brundisium, concludenhel ueen Octavianus Augustus an Antony and the poet expresse thegeneral hopes of a ne era o Peace an proSperit in language Suggestive of the retur of a bygone age of gold, connecting this age illi the hirthos a bo expected in his ear. Who was his boy Three main iews areheld: 1 that it was the expecte of pring of Octavianus himself and Scribonia, hom he had recenti mamed: a the chil of Anton and
Octavia by whos marriage the peace of Brundisium a solemnised: 3 ason o Pollio, or about his time Asinius Gallus . his las interpretation, resting on the authorit of Asconius Pedianus, is adopte hyRibbee andiros Sellar but it is dissiculi to th in that Virgil could, under
e circumstances Spea of the chil os an subordinate person a the regenerator of the Roman worid. Nor could he well, as an adherent of AuguStUS, Ventur on So Spectat a compliment totis rival Antony nodito mention
the lac that Octavia' child bor in his ear, was the Marcellus of Aen. i. 86 sqq. by her forme hvsban Marcellus. The main objection ahen to
1 is that nascenti puero ' l. 8 is napplicabie to the of pring of
Octavianus an Scribonia, hic Was the notorious Iulia hut the poemwas ritten more e birth, and oes no require an ex post acto explanation; hile suci term a ' deum Suboles,' magnum Iovis incrementum.' in thei mos natura explanation illi reference to a chil os
the Julian gens, an are in harmon wit the langualle in hic Virgiland ther poets of the time spea of the ouse of CaeSar-e. g. Aen. X. 6 a, here Iulus is called iis genite et geniture deoS, ECl. i. 6 G. i. 24, etc. Happily the beaut of VirgiΓs poetic anticipations-o whic ali e cansa for certain is that the were not sulfilled is independent of thesedisserenoes ponietaitS. The curious coincidence of Virgi Pilangvage in his Eclogue it thatos Hebre prophec e g. Isaia xi), hic has gaine so the poem thetille Messianic, an sor Virgil the credit os something like Christianinspiration, i perhaps orae explain edi acquaintanc on his pari, illi thelater Sibylline book manufacture at Alexandria, an reflectin Jewigh aswel asither Oriental ideas But, nee notio further han to classicalsource for a parallel. The generat eaminisse a retur of eace and prosperit Was enough to e fathe to the thought here expressed and the poem a Pro Sella rem arks has more in common illi the myth in Plato' Politicus than wit the prophecies of Isaiah. . Cumaei on orthograph See Ae iii 4 Ι), i. e. Sibylline, the Cumaean Sibyl ein mos famous an Such oracula predictions ere floating
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about in traditiona circulation, and were labricate seo time to time and a period os laange an revolution a sure to create both a demandandis supply. That hic Virgil ad besore hi seem to have mixedtogether the notion os an annus magnus' o Platonicus , a perio a theciose of hic ali the heavent hodies houta be again in the fame positionas a first, and the old traditions hic asSigne SucceSSive age or cycles tothe world-gold, silver bronge, etc.,-the tent an las bella that of the Sun go tuus iam regnat Apollo' l. o); these ages bella then regardedas divisioris of the annus magnus magni mense.' l. Ia).6. virgo, Astraea resustice, sal to have les the arth in the iron age, G. ii 474 Ovid, Mel. i. I 9. et both, the omission of the secon et 'bein supplied by repeatin the verb; P. Aen. Vii. 327 Viii. I, i. 7 I. 8. Quo abi. o circumstance, Wit Whom. The child's iri is to beth accompaniment of the goiden age. II acteo, se note o G. i. 2 . Eous o aBVi thi glorious age:' decus' ein virtuali an attribute of aevum:' p. miracula rerum,' στεφάνωμα πυργων ἔρκος δοντο ν ieeth hicli lance the outh and the like Other mali 'decus' the expecte child, his ornament of ur
15. illo, the puer os l. . eum vitam, characteristic of the goiden
an id legen supposita honent sal in the hape os deW; P. G. v. . There an hardi be a referenc here, as Hem an Con thinh, to honeysomelimes mund in ollo trees for an extraordinary, no an ordinaryphenomenon is implied. 31. fraudis, quili or ,rong, opposed to the innocence of a state os
38. eotor, paSSenger, here alie mercliant illi his goods: p. Cic. Phil. vii. 9. 27 et Summi gubernatores in magnis tempestatibus a vectoribus moneri Solent, ov. Her. 18. Idem navigium, naVita, Vector ero.'
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i. e. therars os a ne divine racen ut the connection illi 'deum suboles is against hi S. 5O-52. unctum, i. e. the heaven, n Odding illi it massy dome. Ias-
53, 5 . tam longa is Virtuali adverbial, tam longum ' p. Aen. i. 8, note 'Ma these lalter daysi mine las long nough. Ribbec reads tum ' Pal. Rom.). Moere 'he regular Latin idiom,ouldi ad dicenda' or it dicam ' ut poets use the infinitive more reel aster the analog of
6o 63. risu, Mith a mile. The insant is induce to mile fit mollier mili nil on it risere parentes' l. 62). The whole passage is a prayer forthe speed appearance of the child ho is to herat the goiden age, and cannot share iis deli his it he has gladdene his arenis eyes by cominginto the worid. For tulerunt P. Aen. i. 77 .
MENALCAS. MOPSUS. rustic singin match a Ecl. iii Two hepherd meet, an agre tosin o Daphnis, the ideat hepherd Mopsus egins illi a lament,ll. o Menalcas ollows it an apotheosis, li. 56-8o. The date canoni be determine a subsequent i ii an iii., hic are allude toll. 86, 7. I has been thought that there is no object in imagining anapotheosi sor Daphnis iantes he represent Somemther person and is hisbe so the person intende must be Julius Caesar But f this a Virgil smeaning, he has o careiud vellexit, that there is no intema eviden ce of referen o Caesar, excepi perhaps in l. 66 se note ad loci . It is however, at leas probable that Virgil, attachen ache was to the cause of Caesar, hould catch the popula Deling after Caesar' murder, an embodyit in an allegorical Poem. I. boni inflara, good sor reathing on. The infinitive in such constructions may be considere a verba noun Gh. infin and articie , standingto the ver o adjective, ith hic it is Oined in the relation o a case
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criticising the hinnes os the hade, ut drawin a picture os Shade castat intervais, ' chequere Rhade,' P. Vii. 46.8. titii dat wit certar is confine Ito poets, clites Virgil an Horace cp. Ecl. viii. 55, . it. 38 mor. d. ii. 6. 5, at ii 5. I9, etc. 'Certet.'the readin os Pal. is es satisfactor thun certat; and the potentialwouldae les complimentar to MOPSUS.Io, II Phyllictis ac Alconis ' and ' Codri l. O is objective genitive 'passion o Phylli S. Alconis perhaps the sculptor mentione in Culex 66; v. M. I 3 683 or a friendis Hercules an an archer, Val. l. i. 399 or a Spartan hero Coctruscis sal to e a poet hostile to Virgil, p. vii.
22, 29. I 3-I5. YmUno mi ἐν πιν, nay but . moctulans alterna notavi, Sang
lamina o notes of the accompaniment: p. . o. ' modulatores in composers.' einde, then, Dyo wili.' Mopsus is et ile at the mention os Amyntas, an Menalcas reassures hi in ii. 16 18. Pal. has ' iubeto certet: 'Vat. Med. are antin here Most editions have iubeto ut certet: hut ut is ei ther necessar to the ense nor improving to the rhythm.16. The illo has leaves of the fame hape and colour a the olive butis os sarcies valueri and the Celti reed saliunca sinetis like the rose, ut is to britile to e ove into gariandS. 21. notiant. A Sponde in the firs 1 oot illi a pause after it gives a certain sto eS an heavines to the rhythm an is seldom sed by Virgil, excepi as here an Aen. i. 213 to suggest melancholy: P. G. V. 96,
by Kennedy dentes it to e Virgilian, and takes complexa as a finite
verb- complexa est. Each atque is then an ordinar copula. But p. Catuli lxviii. 52 Haec atque illa dies, atque alia atque alia; an Sil. It i. 93 Hic crine essus atque Ennaeae numina divae Atque Acheronta vocat Stygia cum VeSte sacerdos.' vocat cructelia mater, Vcalis ut upon thei crueit with a mother' cry the position os mater' eing
28 31 loquuntur, o usuali sollowed by Cc. an infin. Cp. Aen. i. 73 I. curru dative a Aen. iii 5 I. inctu ere, to ring on to the stage,' exhibit, cp. Hor Sat. i. a. 22 Cic. T iii. hinc ille Gyges inducitur a Platone. hastam; the thyrsus ' of the Bacchanals was a pollities Spear Wreathed wit vine-leaves: Molles thyrsi 'Aen. vii 39o. Translate: Andwreathe thei limber and with avita leaves.'
35. Pales, a Puret Italian deity, is again associaled illi the Greeli Apollo Nomius in . iii. I. Virgil lend the two mythologies as he