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48, 49. AequiPeras Ribb. srom Pal. this appear the bet te orthography,
56. anvictus, in glory, applied to specialis divine beaut Aen. v. 57I;
6o On other applications of this idea See note o G. iii 537. 63 intonsi, shagra ,' inlopped'- even the wildest region rejoice. Con. suggest that the mountain rejoice in the restoration os a Statem nature, cp. Isaiah xi V. 7 8. 66. uas, See o Aen. iii. 63. altaria, las hi gh altars' sor sacrifice :Daphnis, as a ero, has ni the common ' ara sor urablood offerings: Apollo, the altare ser victims. O the vie that Daphnis representSCaesar, the allusion to Phoebus reser to the ac that Caesar asworshippe by decree of the Senate, noli da be re the iudi Apollinares' iv Non. Iul. . His birthda was iii Non. Iul. but the Sibylline book sorba the worshipis an other god on the fame da with Apollo.
67. Dina perhap - two on ac altar but in connection illi orateras ctu it is probabi the poetica use of distributive numerat for cardinalS,
7o I seem dissiculi to trace in frigus an messis allusion to specialfestivales. At whateve time of ear e orShi Daphnis, say MenalcaS there halli plent of wine. See however, et O l. 75. 7 I. calathis, not baskeis a ii. 46 ut ' Stoups, o perhaps agons cased in basket-work, Such as are common to this da in Italy so probablyMart ix. 6o. Is xiv Io 7, heres calathi are antique curiosities Ariusium Was a weet Chian in os hi gh repute, the Same perhaps rex ipse Phanaeus ' . it. 98. 75. lustr imus agros mahemur circuit os the felds' seem to reserto the Ambarvalia' o festiva o sacrifice to Ceres for a good harveSt, G. i. 339. lustrare ambire arva'), whence Ambarvalia. Festival to the nymplis ere a Sicilian, o Italian, custo Virgit ma inten to implytha the too place in inter, P. l. o. 79. Quotannis, it . in a many years as . . .: so quo Calendis' Plaut. Stich. i. a. 3: quot menSibus, A quot diebus.' etc., non of whicli, howeVer, ecam Stereotype a an adverb. Ribb. quodannis ' hich
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quotannis, and Vat. Med. are antingiere.. 8o clamnabis, Shali condemn men in i. e. in them to pay theirvows' votis, abi. of respect); CP. Voti reuS' Aen. V. 237.
VARUS. cosmogonica and mythologica sola by Silenus, extorte Dona imby Stratagem by two oung hepherd s. his Eclogue is ne of the sewpassages in Virgir utrilings G. i. 475 sqq. Aen. i. 7 2-7 6, i. 72 73 heing the others which sho the hol taken ponat in by his stud os philosophy includin the geritis of What e no term physica science) de the celebrate Epicurean Siro though, as is natura stom his
intimate aequaintance illi Lucretius, the Eclogues an Georgic stio vnian incidenta traces of Epicureanism, and the th poena of the Catalepton' - τὰ κατα λε πτόν, minor PoemS , Writ ten about 53 . . indicates adestre to et philosopli inspire ali his Subsequent ritings. The recent example of Lucretius, and the precedent os the early poet-philosophers and philosopher- poets of Greece Empedocles, Parmenides, Xenophanes, etc.),would encourage the belle in philosophyrus the rue province of poetry. Se Introduction L 2.)Alfenus Varus, o hom the poem is addi essed, ad probabi asked Virgil to celebrate his exploit in the recent civit War. l. 7), and the poetplead in apolog the command of Apollo to devote iniself to humbier subjecis os pastora Poetry. The consession in l. 3 os a outhsul ambietionto rite Pic Poet reges et proelia 'his perhaps genuinea an in treat ingcosmogon and mytholog the poet indirecti Ahows his command verepi verSe: ut so the present his udgmen probabi tot hi in that thesubjec os contemporar Warchad etterae avoide l.
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I. Prima atraret, adverbial See noterio Aen. i. 8. Syracosio Sicilian i. e. PaStoral Poetor. 3-5. aurem vellit This gesture, a Symbolica os remindiu a person wa the regula mode of antestatio or summoning a Witnem, Hor Sat.
6-8. Super titii erunt, bou ill have more than nouo. For the tmesis ' p. Ecl. viii. 17 Aen. i. 567. vii 559. tristia, grim, a fixedepithe of wars. onctero, to celebrate,' Sin os, cp. v. Trist. i. 336 immania Caesaris acta condere. mectitatior, se o Ecl. i. 2.
For his limitin sense of tantum oni so much ' Cp iis common Sein signita only, and Caes. B. G. vi. 35 praesidii tantum est ut ne murus quidem cingi possit. For DrooQ- apari, Without the dea D sar, cp. G. iv. 42 , Aen. X. 836 Ter Hec. v. Quem cum istoc sermonem habueris, procul hinc Stans accepi.' capiti, dro his ead ' dat os
3 Sqq. Virgil adopis the Epicurea doctrine os formatio of the woridb Con Oursem atoms, expounde by Lucretius and this passage i sud of
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interrogation aster the ut o l. 33. ipso, .e nolint thes exordia, but theso ed universe itfel in iis early stages tenor, os an early Ormation, OPP. to concretus' etc., and here in contrast toturare l. 35 . uncti orbis, the whol round worid, in the wide sense of eari an heaven or perhaPS of the heaven alone, p. v. o G. i. 232. e must remember that Virgil is ritin poetry, o philosophy, and o look or o much actneSS. See however, Excursus III. to Dr Kennedy' notes. Maoluctere Nore Ponto, Shut os Nereus in the ea: Lucr. v. dischidere mundum mar Ois').38. Ritiua actant, ex alto cadant, though sonae tali it it aiun- motis, lis te to a reater eight ' seo the arth). The position os uidue a Second word in the clause, is ver unusual helice agner solio edi, Dr. . propoSed to read lucescere solem altius, atque etc. ' ut altius 'would then have litile orce. In Lucr. iii 53I Scinditur atque animo haec quoniam natura, Lachm read usque adeo, 'munro itque animae; and in two passage cite ho Horace Sat. i. . O7, Pp. i. I. 25 there Mav. l. aeque. It Seem best, however, to admit the Solecism here. 39. ineislant, conjunctive, in subordination to the precedin oblique
o. ignaros Rom. is rea by Ribb. Con. an mos edd. it is ei ther
7o6: v. et vii. o proles ignara parenti, Tae. Ann. i. per occulta et vigilibus ignara. I pass. there is more reason sor the V. l. ignotos' Pal. . montes Pal, Gud. montis, Rom. Vat. Med. anting). Ι-46. Four myth a re introduced- I Deucalion an Pyrrha, a Prometheus, 3 Hylas, Pasiphae to represent the early histor os manaccordin to legend. I. Saturnia regna, no in apposition to lapictos iactos. 3. Quo no quomodo. but the adverbial notion expressed adjectivally; se note o Aen. . . Translate 'How the fallor calle Hylas est be-hin at the pring. ' Hyla omne For this hortentia os a long owel in hiatus hesore another vowel p. Cl. i. 85 iii. 89. . i. 28 I, 332 iv. 46I, Aen. iii. II,
V 26 I, i. OP and Se Introd. IV. 6. solatur canit Pasiphaen sese solantem, cp. circumdat l. 62. 7-5 I. virgo. Os ther than uiam arried omen, Hor. d. i. . a
nuper virgines nuptae. Proetictes, auilliter of Proeteusa in o Tiryns, who ere rivera ad by Juno, and went bout lowing like cows falsis, counterseited, cp. Aen . 683. est, omitted aster Med. Pal. by Ribbech: retained aster Rom. by the editors collo, dative levi fronte, humana scilicet' Servius).53-55. fultus, Se note o Ecl. i. 39. allentes, os grass, S a mere translation of χλωρός but the poei' ear may have been cauillit by the antithesisto nigra. Clauctito et c. are Pasiphae's,ordg the previ ous sentenc haVing expressedae thought s. 6o Gortynia, o Gortyna in Crete, said o be celebrate for the herd of the Sun who se aughter Pasiphae aS. 6I-63. Duellam, Atalanta, hom Hippomenes deseate in a ac by
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throwing one of the apples of the Hesperides e re her circumctat, canit circumdatas p. 6 above. The sister of Phaethon, eepin sorthei brother' death, ere turne into poplar accordin to the ordinaryVerSion cp. Aen. X. 9o . Aldem re appropriate to the Supposed locale of the transformation, o the bantis of the Eridanus. 64-66. Gallum, Cornelius Gallus, a Roman eques, writer of elegies no tost, an frien o Pollio and Virgil. Augustus ad him ovemoro Egypt, ut o a repor of ome ras speeches he wa banished, and Committe Sulcide, . C. 26, at the age of o. See Ecl. X. The introductio of his supposed intervie wit themuses, a par of Silenus' legendar Song, is of course mos incongruous; ut Virgil ont think of the complimento his hiend. viro, dative. ASurrexerit, A rose u inhonour L Cp. . it. 98.6 p. divino carmino descriptive abi. illi pastor, the hepher of Od- like song. The ablative denotes particular or incidental qualities and Datures, the genitive the whole nature o character vir maximi animi egregia
eloquentia' iners ahe t with mxorit, ittere in godlike train.'7O ASGraeo, of Ascra in Boeotia, p. . it. 176. Virgil attributes to Hesiod the fabie power of Orpheus Hor. d. i. a. 7-I 2).72. Grynei, o Grynium in Aeolia, here as a temple an oracle of Apollo. The stor of iis origin a tot in a poem by Euphorion os Chalcis, hos Works Gallus translate or imitates Ecl. . O . 7 . Virgil here coniuges Scylla, the aughter of Nisus, it Homer's Scylla d aughter o Phorcys Od. xii. 73 . famous in connection it Charybdis a confugio Ahared by Propertius v. 4. 39 and Ovid Fast. v. oo). Some have proposed to put hi right by insertini aut be res quam fama secuta, but ithout an MS authority. For aut in text Med. Pal. and copies sed by Servius an Probus) Rom. has it.' Wit aut suppi ut
narraverit; ' it ut narraverit only the sentenc is then ciear, ithout Forbiger' expedient of mahin vexasse lacerasse depend narraverit 'an mutatos' - mutatos esse ' on hic se Conington' note). Forthe constructio 'sama secuta est narrasse' p. fama volat Aen. iii III, fama occupat aures ib. 29 , illi infinitive clauses. The stor os Scylla,
daughter of Nisus, is tot at lenu in the poem Ciris,' rongi attribute to Virgil. 79 Philomela appear here to e the wis o Tereus. O the Greehan Roma versions of the Stor Se G. V. 7. 8a mectitante Ecl. i. a. 84. QSae, etc. the echoin valleys repeatri heaven the ong.'85. numeram referre, do count them ver. Ribb. reserri, whichCon adopis o the ground of potior lectio difficillima; but Med. Pal.,
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goat-heid, Meliboeus, relate a Sin ing-match etween the hepheid Thyrsis and the goat-her Corydon, it Daphnis sor inpire, hic eniis in the deseat os Thyrsis. It is a purei imaginar poem, modelle on Theocritus chien Idylis i. viii), the cenet hein Sicilian with the insertionis a se Italian delatis e. g. the rive Mincius. The date is un-
I - . arguta, ruStling Ο hispering ' P. Cl. viii. 22, G. iii So, note florentes statibus, ' in the loo of their respective age.'Arcactos, and therei ore hille in soni Ecl. x. 32); Arcadia bein pastoral Theocr. xxii. I 57), an Pan iis patron the god of rura Song. In ancient times Arcadia seem to have ad a reputation or rustic stupidi ty like Boeotia CP. Juv. Vii. I 6O, O Whicli ab or quotes hom Scholia io Arist. Nub. 397, PhiloStr. Apoll. viii. 7. 43 Aρκαδε . . αγροικοτατοι κa συωδεις and Lucian, Astrol. 6 ποθεν γὰρ ἐν Αρκαδία σοφισττὶς ἡ φιλοσοφος Itowes o PaStora poetry, and perhaps maint to Virgil, it Renaissance association illi an dea goiden age of pastora selici ty. 5. Preparet to in and angwer in a match Kennedy), i. e. ready totali et ther the pening or seconi par in an Amoebaean contest Thisseem belle than separatin Cantare Dare an reSDonctere arati, and Supplyini pariter With the alter. 6. ctum, as Sual, illi a Present ense, though the resereno is to pasttime. Engi. ,hil protecting, CP Aen. i. 7I, 585. frigore, Springstosis. 7. atque expresses the immediate Sequene os ne event Pon an Other. Where a tempora conjunction quum' would e the more stricti logical way os expressing the relation etween two ClauSes, P. G. i. O3. i. 8o, Oa, Aen. i. 692 iii. 9 v. 858. Lil e the Phrases magis atque, etc., his age potuis to an earlier Stage os langu age in hic comparison and relation ere expresse by Simple juxtaposition o sentences, e re thedevelopinentis more elaborate grammatica structure an subordination fclauses. p. also the histor of the development of the relative se of 5 in Greel . I - 16 saeerem se note o Ecl. iii. I. AloiDDo, Phyllis, mates fother hepheriis Meliboeus ad non of his own Ecl. i. I. Coryctoricum Thyrsicto, in apposition to certamen 'There a a gran malch, Corydon against Thyrsis.' I9. meminisse. Themuses iunction, a daughter os nemosyne i to
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Olou on a martile statue as evidenti naturai.
33-36. IF 'iriapus w offer ou akes an milli, ein poor: ut is the lambin tum out eli, ou hal have a old instea of a marblestatue. Oblige by the law of Amoebaean singin to replyrio Corydon With a correspondi nil idea Thyrsis here satis in aste by his selectiora os Priapus a compare Willi Diana, and by the extravagant promiSe in l. 36.
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37- o Cor. Galatea Hirer than ali nature, come o me at eventide.'Nerine, aughter of Nereus Galatea appear in Theocr. i. ali xi as
fendit aestatem capellis. Docori, dat os indirect object implyin localrelation, p. i. 16 capiti. Corydon howS his superior aste by dwellingon the beaut of the Summer. 9-52. Thr. 'Here e re by the re, here e can des the old.' This picture is in sor of utch pendant to Corydon's Claude Lorraine' Keightley numorum, the throng of sheep se Conington' note . 53-56. 'mo ait the ruit is luxuriant; ut Alexis absence ould spoliall. stant. The de is stant fructibus, 'are hic with fruit, ' cp. Aen. Xii. O7. Quasque the read in os Med. Pal. Vat. Rom. anting), Saccepte by Ribbeck an defende by Lachmann o Lucr. i. 37 a quique quoque Suo genere, quot in Cic. r. iii 2I quas tamen inter omnes
eS Suo quoque in genere mediocris.' Sua quaeque poma thu Seem an admissi bie Latin diom in iis own respective fruit. Con adopis the obviouScorrection quaque. Others, retaining quaeque, Would mahe sua abl. sem. an monosyllabi ea synizesis, p. Lucr. i. Io 22 Suo'), iii Ioa 5 Si m Sui S), but his Synigesis, common in dramatic, is ver rare in hexameter Oetry.
ratia. Vitio, di Sease, a sense more common in viti OSUS,' ' vitiare, ' p. G. i. 88, an sor v. aeris, G. iii 478 morbo caeli, Aen. iii. 38. In Lucr. i. o9 sqq. diseased conditions os the ai are realed os a cause of PeStilence Iuppiter, personificatio of the ky, P. G. i. 18. Eo thei dea Dcte Eoonctot lurimu imhri P. G. i. 324 Aen. i. 29.
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PHARMACEUTRIA.DAMON ALPHESIBOEUS.
TWo hepherds, Damon an Alphesiboeus, in os di sappotiate love: Damon in the character of a out whos mistres Nysa has ille him for MopsusQ Alphesiboeus in that of a woman tryincto cal hac her Strangediove Daphnisi magica aris. The lalter song borrowed rom Theocr. i. givescit titie to the Eclogue. ac sonthas en paris dividedi a recurriniburden. The dedicationis the poem to odio, o returning rom hi Scampaigra against the Parthini in Illyricum, fixes iis date to 3 B. C. Whether
iuSSi carmina coepta tuis l. II means that Pollio suggeste the subjecistreate os, o meret asked for another paStora Poem, e Canno Say.
3. Iynoes, ei ther Italia nor Sicilian. Virgil is thinhin os the effecto the legendar song of OrpheuS.
q. CuzSuS, Perhap best alienis aec os respect with mutata thoughSevera paSSages are cite for making rouuierunt transitive e g. iri S 232 rapido etiam requierunt flumina cursus: Calvus, Io cited by Servius Sol quoque perpetuo meminit requiescere cursus; an Prop. iii. 5. 25 Iuppiter Alcmenae geminos requieverat Arctos. The rst tw of thesema be due o mi sunderstanding Virgil here, o may be ahe wit cursus' a C. DreSpeci and the ace in Prop. might expres duration. 6, 7 tu mihi connected illi Aunoras no looking on to 'Accipe' l. II, o followed by an aposiopesis. Whether, I een dat ethicus), ouare 'en o PasSing the ock mouth of might Timavus'-i. e. in CoastinghomeWard. Suseras, of ships passin a pol CP Aen. i. 2 4 iii. 698. Iegis, coast along, G. i. 44. IO SODtiooleo cothurno the igh bushin' a characteristic stragedy, a the soch soccus ' o comedy. Hence illo spealis of
with or in Ou: dat o indirect reserence illi de of locali ty. p. Hom. l. ix. 97 Nestor to Agamemnon ἐν σοὶ μὲν ληξω σε δ' ἄρξομαι.
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26. Speremus, What may emo expect in love γ' spero,' spes, some- times mPl expectationi apprehensionis Somethingrandest rabie, P. Aen. i. 5 3 ii. 658. V. I9, t. 275 Sali Cat. o. ID Spe multo asperior, ib. Jug. 88 Metellus contra spem suam laetissimis anaicis excipitur, Lucan. V. 485 naufragii spes omnis abit.'27, 28. iungentur, in ecllocli as Hor A. P. 13 Aristoph. Pax 1o76 πρίν κεν λυκος οἶν μεναιοι), or unde the oke as Cl. iii. I). grypes Hiit. iii Ioa iam a distinet rom aevo sequenti, hicli indicates a surther stage of these monstro us changes in oculam potum,' P. G. iii 529. clammao Quintilian notices this masc. as a speciali of Virgil: Horace hasit seni. d. i. 2. II. 29, O tibi clueitur uxor, bour ii de is comin home. The ridewas scorted illi torches laces' to her ustiand' house. Dici Ant. Nuptiae Roman . nuces, the ridegroom fung nuis among the torch-bearers, ς the bride approachex Catuli lxi. I 28 sq. and xii tibi, dat Comm. a in l. 29. QSerit He SP. Oet. i. e. by risin ove it Virgili magines a moria in and evening Sta at the fame time os ear ll. 7, 3O , an error hared by Catullus lxii. ), Horace Od. i. . lo), and ther OetS, no so much rona ignorance or caretes observation, a sto regar lingnatural eatures a So much poetic materiai. 32-35. igno, ironical, worthyis such as ou. Dromissa, hangin orsali in down; ' p. immissa Aen. iii 593. Virgil may have been thini ingos προγενειος Theocr. iii. 9, hic in Vith prominent chin, se belo onll. I, 58. mortalia, i. e. ue mortalium,' p. Aen. i. 462.37, 38. retro, ' in mollier, as appearcho the parallel passage Theocr.
3- 5. Qio . his and nescio are the ni cases in hicli Virgil seemst shorten the o osci sing. pres. but e ma intend thei metrica valuet be Scio, nescio by synigesis): p. Aen. ix. 296. octunt, give him hirth.'The PreSent thus sed os a stricti past event, meret connecis it With the subject Without an idea os time, p. generat Aen. viii. 8 I, educat X. 518, creat G. i. 279. It here parentes sunt.' 7-5 I. The crueit Os love is an id story. He ad Medea ill herchildren, ut he mus have been cruel too. The apparent irrelevanc os