A History of the Commandments of the Church

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rusalem at the time inen the piloim lady Ethoria made her visit to the holy places there end of tho laurin centuo . In ths Wost tho total of

An attempt had been made in Gaul, in the Ailath centum, to mine Lent a real Quarantine ; but inessossoris had mot With vigorous opposition rei the Councti os orlsans, A. D. 541 ' and eventuat ly

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ta the sevenis centu , thereiore, Lent aresars dinnitively est lished. For a long time preVLousty Pope St. Leo, and before his St. Jerome, hin inmed that it Was of Apostolio institution respect for ancient custom for de any pars of iis semance to be Ganged. St. Isidors of Sevisse confirmed these declarations is his authorio indinus completed the proeess of rendering them

But not ali Were satisfied. Μany attempted is qualisy and attenuate thois traditional assimations. Thus the compiter of the Liber Pontificacis in the stath centuπὶ attributed the institution of

quadragesimalo jejunium, nisi tantum dis dominico prandeat. c. ii, ι . est. 72 ΡΗio eonstituit ut septem ebdomadaa ante Paseha jejunium lebraretur.' DU REM, Ls Liber Pont calia, t. I, 12s. Cf. De . Gναι., c. Sintiamus, tu, Dist. IV. τε 'mo oonstituit nulla ratione dominico aut quinta seria jejunium quia de fidelibus agere.' Ib., 168. Cf. c. Jejuniti , HV, Dist. ΙΙΙ de sonae citione. τε Cf. ib., p. 402, 412.

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discipline. But they exercised wms influenm onthe particular discipline of the olerios umn Whomine obligation mas imposed of beginning the faston Quinquagesima Sund . Mother apocryphaldocument, under the nams of Gregory the Great, mado this fast obligatory for clerios in order tosh- the peopis that they Were superior to tholaity by their mortification as Weli as by the dignityos their consecratio 7

This increase of penanes assected not oesy insolero, but in Some places even ine laur Such

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ali, and iis duration Was never again changed. Wherein Fostino Consistoc has characte laed the observa e of Lent, i refore, Was thetasti Ths complete fast, oen as early as the time

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Chrysoslam, and Epiphanius, indicate that the fastendod mi in the day. The Churin historian Soc

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hour, None Was the proper hour to end tho mortification of the fast.

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ment at ni rati A litus liquid to quinin the iniret Was at firsi permitted, for it Was hesd that liquids

fies; they are not even an aid to digestion foroernody. Since there ars other liquias mors boneficiaI to digestion, and Miter abis in quenchthirSt, es. the electuaria, viz. more or Iess liquidiellies, preserves, candi ed fruit; could not theso electuaria replaee Water and winel St. Thomas

thought that it Was iust as laWful to tins them asto talis any Other medicine, provided oesy that in be not tinen in largo quantities, or as a food. The Permissibis quantity Was nos specifiod and it de--lVed umn custom to determine it. Quantityllae custom naturalty varied in different localities. In the monasteries, Mers eve ining Was bester regulated, this litus lanch, consisting os frui

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stinence. x

ginning of the obligation os fasting at the amos eighteen, WHin Was the age designated by the Churct for admission into tho religious lila. Buthis arguments did nox satisfy St. Thomas. That great Doctor fixes ins iuridical obligation os fast-ing at the age of tWenty-one, because at this age, tho snd of the thies septenary, as a rule bodilysa Me Bruna, L L 282.32 Quieumque in eo Issio dominicae passionisi jejunium praeter Parvulos, Mnea et Ianguidos, ante peractas indulgentiae precea resolverit, a paMhau gaudio depelletur, noe in eo ineramentum e porta et aangulnia domini percipiat.' Ib., p. 226. In hoo item rei vero, praeter infirmos aut parvulos, quisquis non jejunat, poenam aibi adquirit.' capituι. 4 ix. MANSI, L