장음표시 사용
51쪽
similar ancy embodied in the popular torywritten by Jules Verne. More homoge neous and ess iidly improbabie are thelater romances by Lucius o Patrae, o Vncertain date, called Metamorphoses byciamblichus, a Syrian who rote the story called Babylonica, hicli has to do illi the adventures of a marrie couple Sinonis and Rhodanes, an contain a doubie tot and by Xenophon o Ephesus, hos novel Ephesiaca is the ultimate fource of Rome and Juliet Most amous, however of at thenoveis of this classcis the AEthiopica writtenb Heliodorus, the Christian istio os
Emesa in the fourth century A. D. his susuali considere the very est nove of adventure produced by the ancient Greelis. Ι is in ten books, and relates the ad VenturOSof two lovers, Theagenes an Chariclea. Ithas sonae merit hecause of iis regula construction, an severat is it episodes rare,
52쪽
when read par fio the conteXt, o considerable interest; hil a the ery utSet of the book there is ne ather curiOUS
passage hicli has to do illi the influenceo pre-nata conditions pon the Unbornchild. his novet was ver popular in iis Οwn time, and on the revivat o classicallearning at the end of the Middie Ages it
came nce more into Vogue so that it is aidio have been the favourite reading of thes rench dramatist Racine. At theseratories, howeUer, taken a a Whole, are greatly ackin in intrinsic orth. They ho absO- lutei no conception o character-draWing, the personages introduced are mere dummies, and the incident thenaseives are os a baldlyconventiona type, iVin US an endlessround of captures and escapes, os ad Ventures with obber and pirates, and of batiles and Single combais, untii ne earies of the poVert os invention hicli the writers
53쪽
Achilles Tatius o Alexandria entille The me of Leucippe an Clitophon, the Chaereas an Callirrhoe, by Chariton o Aphrodisias,
and the novelet te called Apollonius Tyrius, of whicli the aut hor is unknown and the Greela original os t. t surVives, OweUer, in Latin version hich a much re ad during the Middie Ages and suggeste a portionis Gower' Confessi Amantis an perhaps the Shahe spe aria pia Pericles, Prince of Tyre. Some of the incident recorde in itiive uscurious pictures of O life and thus possessa aenuine Sociologica interest. Mucii lateri date an distincti inferior in very wayare two Gree noveis, ne by Theodorus Prodromus of Constantino ple, and the theran imitatio of this by Nicetas Eugenianus,hoth of the writte in Oggere VerSe. Last os ali, is the stor whicli relates the adventu res o Hysmine and Hysminias, whicli ome have regar de Las heing the origi
54쪽
might belle say the subjective novet, hasse representatives in the histor of Greela fiction. It is found however, in the work of Alciphron, a Greeli sophist who fiourishedin the second centur A. D. rom imwe have est ne hundred and ighteen imaginary episties, hich ive Us mos Ualuabie pictures of ohemia life at Athens. The are among the very est thing thalca be found in the history of later Greelaliterature, eing Xtremel Vivacious andentertaining and showin a Ver rea mas ter an Understandin os character The
clas life and of the artistic,orixare so goodas to malae it remarkable that he have neVer et been translated into Englisti. Tothe fame clas of writings elong two bookso erotic letters by Aristaenetus, composed ina cynica spirit that suggest sonae of thetolaches to e found in the Letires de Femmeso Marcet revost B Theophilus of Simocatta, ,ho fourished in the eventh
55쪽
centur A. D. are ighty-five episties thathaVe ome epigrammatic merit, ut re oflitile valueras literatur .
The nove os pastora lis is represented in ree by the ver famous romance called Daphnis an Chloe hicli is ne of the most origina an interestin storie in ancient literature. It is usuali ascribe to ne Longus, though his is probabi no the
scious gro th of the seXua instinc in abo an a giri ho have been rought uptogether frona thei earlies infancy in a stateo perfeci innocence. The working ut filiis motive gives to the book a very unique an unusual character, an it has also a certain master of description as applied tonatura scenery that is ometimes both beau-tiful and striking, in that the author SeemSi recognis a sortis subile relation hemeen the Xterna environment of man and the incident of his liferi and this is occasionalty developed in a manne that suggesis ne of
56쪽
the theories verywhere to e found illustrate in the novel o Emile ola Thebook has been frequently translated into ostos the modern languages, and has been obvi-ousi imitate in Bernardi de St. terre' sPaul et Virginie, by Allan Ramsa in his Gentis hepherd, and by many ther ess
Roman fiction, like early at o Romanliterature, pran directly rom an imitationo the Greela, and came into existence during the rs centur B. C. When a Umber Ofthe literary men a Rome egan writingstior storie aster the fashion of the Milesian Tales. The est know of thes imitators was Sisenna, hos writings, howeVer, have no been presemed nor have e an other specimens of the hori Story a composed in Latin at this period There are, indeed, stili surviving only two Xample o genuine prose fiction ritte in the Latin an guage, hicli can e ascribe to the classicaland semi classical periods These are the
57쪽
Satira o Petronius Arbiter, and the Metamorphoses somelimes called the The olden An o Apuleius. The are, OweVer, far Superior to anything of the in preservedio us in Greela. The Satira though incomplete, is in t way one of the greates novelso ali time, and is rem arkable forcit modernione, it Unsparin realism, it subile oucheso character iis it, and iis vivid pictures of life in the Roman provincia towns, no essthan for the potni and elegance of iis Style. The nove of Apuleius, hicli is in eleven books, was rawn by iis author frona the Metamorphoses of Lucius os atrae atready mentioned, and perhaps Domin simila story
o Apuleius. The Metamorphoses is a rati, erremarkable book It telis the stor of one Lucius ho accidentali swallowe a magicpotion hicli turne hi into an ass, in which shape he passe through a series of
curious and musing adventures unti he
58쪽
author of this book was an African; his imagination a deeply coloured by Oriental influences and it is probably Domoriental ources that he has rawn thecharmin stor o Cupid an Psyche whichfornas an pisode of the Third Book, and whicli has inspired, both in ancient and inmodern times, innumerable ork of art.
Other episodes of this nove are interestingi a different way the mos stri hin ofal bein perhaps the tale introduce in thesirs par of the novel a told by a commercia traveller, and blendin in cremarkable fashion the elements of the horribie, the rotesque, and the supernatural Thenovet, indeed, is marked throughout bygreat ingenuit an conspicUOUS cleVerneSS, though ome of iis incident arearos and
Dar Ages, hen ali accurate knowledge of ancient literatur and history, as etl a theentire classica tradition, ere tost to es
59쪽
er Europe, there stili existed in men' mindssom Sin and shadow recollectionis them. These in the course of time, hecamellendedwith the popula tales of the Teutoni peOples,unti a last the took on a definite formi the celebrated collectio of stories nownas the Gesta Romanorum, a perfeci mirage of Odds and end drawn partly rom the classic past, an parti fio Norther traditioris,so that the jumbi together the character of antiquit in the mos extraordinar fashion, Without an sense hateve of chronologicaland historica accuracy, akin Vergil, Homer, Alexander the reat, the Roman Caesars, Romulus, Remus, and the personages of ancient mytholog appear an reappear
an dragon os mediaeva legend. Thesetales ere immenset popular, and circulated aliive Europe, eing used by the clergyrio illustrate an give oin to thei sermons; and in his a the have a certain value in generat cliterar history, since the forma
60쪽
connecting inhietween the fictionis Greeceand Rome and the fictio os modern times, whicli, se a centur o tW after iis inception, dremvery largely on these monkisti stories for it themeS.