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THE NOVEL OF PETRONIUSTI E author of the Satira is usuallyidentis ed illi the Gaius Petronius who is mentioned by Tacitus in his Annals relatinito the ea 66 A. D. In his paSSage, after mentioning the death fine Petronius, Tacitus goes on to say that he was a manifpleasure ho turne night into day and whobecam a famous for his indolenc as thermen for thei activity. et he was no a vulgar debauchee, ut a mani culture and refined luxury the ery absence of restraint in his language and lis adding to his popularit by givin him a character se frankness. Though naturalty indolent, he was atthe fame time a man os capacity, Since hen proconsul o Bithynia, and afterward henconsul, he prove himself to e a persono much administrative abilityp yet lien
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punishing thers, takin par in anqueis, ejoyin naps, - ali his, so that to the worid a large his death might appea toliave been accidental He id not in his will, like mos men ho die at thecommand of the emperor, alter Nero orliis favourite Tigellinus; ut in place of
the sua complimentary codicit, set forti, the hideous vices of the empero Unde thenam es of lewd me and women, describingin lunt language the monstrosit of their strange and nnatura excesses; and this exposure he sent tomero himself e thenbrolae his eal-ring les it hould serve tobring ther into danger Nero, in tryingetodiscove ho the secret of his debauches could have become known remembere one Silia, a Woman o some socia position thewis of a senator, and hersei atinc a par-taker of the emperor' shamem secret and an intimate of etronius Nero, heresere,
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fixed pon her a the uili person, and executed her for revealin the secret ofwhiel, she had ecome cogniSant. The identificatio of this etronius illith author of the Satira has been almost universali accepted, and it seem to us forexcellent reasons. In the rs place the Satira Was uret writte in that par of the
firs centur in hich etronius lived a isestablished by the language of the book and by the allusions hicli it contains in thesecon place the nove is recisel such a Wor asin mani the character described by Tacitus brilliant, cultivaled, cynical, and familiar illi very ind of life would eadmirabi fitte to rite and in the hird place there is absolutet no evidence thalca discredit the identification. t is inter
Arbiter, ,hicli is applied to Petronius by Tacitus, is also applied to the author of the
Satira by one of the Roman grammarians asearly a the end of the firs century.
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Some scholars have trie to discove in the Satira the libellous book whicli Petronius at his death sent to Nero, and the havethere re regarde this or a bella a diatribe against Nero an his court Thistheory, hoWeVer, hicli is usuali calle the Neronian Hypothesis, has litti or nothingin iis sevour hen examine in the light ofreason and common senseri forcit is unlihelythat so extensive a or sit originali e tende through a leas fixteen books could have been writte in the interva between thearres of etronius an his deati, o that Nero ould have permitte the continued existence of the book and there is o much in the book itself that cannot possibi relate to the emperor an his friend a to renderthe hypothesis absolutet unienable. The Satiraris, properly speaking neither aromance nor a satire. So far as it is aromance this character is ni a preteXt, a laeteton hos frame the author has
clothed with a great diversit os materiai, -
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serious discussions mora leachings, cenes of refine pleasure beautiful thoughis, sentiments of the mos revoltin cynicism, anaiasin descriptions biling criticisms, entertaining necdotes, and Ven ne epic fragment This variet os subjectris eddexto an qua variet os style whicli is chameleon- like in iis rapid changes, and whicli hi fiswith perfeci eas fio the language of liter ture to the patois of the province and the dialectis the rabbie. The episodi character of the narrative and the curious statures of iis angvage areresponsible for two facts in the histor of the texi: 1 that it was largely used formXcerpis an selections in the crap-book period of Latin literature, hicli ted o it final tos asa hole; and et that the grammarian continuali citerit, hici, fac enabies us to traceiis existenceras a wholei in part down to theend of the sigili century. The quotations Dom it and the allusion to it in Macrobius A. D. OO). Servius A. D. AOO). Lydus
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naris A. D. 47S), ali serve as indications fit eXistence, at east pon the helves of scholars. In the eventi an eighth centuries e liear no more of Petronius; ut in the ninth, the poetica fragment usuallyknown a the Carmen de Bello Civili, of 29s hexameter lines, is found o have been sed for read in in the schoois A manuscriptos the tentii centur is no in Xistence andis the oldest known. t contains, hOWeVerion lyra par of the present texi substantiallyali except 46 middie), venerat iam tertius dies-ἶ78 - that is, ali except the Cena Trimalchionis. In the fame centUry the ecclesiasti Eugenius Vulgarius cites the Satira an so too in the welfth century,
the Englisti schola Joh of Salisbury. In
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manuscript of the Satira, distributed among eleven European libraries. sve in the Nationat Imperiat Librar o France, ne in the Bibliotheque Magarin, ur in the Libraryo the Universit of Leyden, two in the Royal Librar o Munich two in the Imperia Library a Vienna, ne in the oyal
Library a Dresden, ne in the Ambrosian Library a Milan, two in the Laurentia Library a Florence, ne in the Vatican Librar a Rome, and one in the Library of the Benedicti ne Conventi St. lacidius at Messina besides the oldest os ali, the Codex Bernensis usualty Spoken o a No. 3S7. This is ritie o fine parchment quarto), and consist o 4 leave or 6 pageS, Ontaining besides the fragmenti Petronius, a number of other hings, - a Gree gloSSary, a Latin glossary, and a par of the Catilina o Sallust. The whole Cenacis missing, Sare also a number of other chapters. The mos important manuscript is the so
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calle Code Traguriensis, no in the Bibliotheque Nationale a Paris. his hichalone contains, in addition to other portions of the Satira, the whole of the Cena Trimalchionis, a discovered in the Dalmatia tow of
Trau the Roman Tragurium by one Marinus Statilius Pierre etit a Frencliman in I 663. It was contained in the library of Nicolaus Cippi, an Italia gentieman, boundu with the poems o Catullus Tibullus,
and Propertius. The new of iis discovery created a sensatio through Europe. It was reporte that the whole of etronius adbeen recoVered, and great was the generalanxiet to se ii Be re Marinus, hoWa a Scholar of much ability, ad finished his ork po the manuscript a Paduanprinter ame Frambotto in Some Way gotacces loci and made a hasty and necessarilycaretes copy hichae pririte at adu in 1664. So rude and imperfeci a the copymadea Frambotto, and so many ere theerror of his printed edition that agenset l
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and ther pronounce the discoVer a fraud, and the whole fragmen an impudent orgery To his attach, Marinus ut forti mo ver able an conVincing repties, and followed them y printin an accurate editio of the manuscript at aris later in the fame ear Ι66 in This, and a carefuleXaminatio of the manuscript itself, hicli proVed it great age, oon put an end to the Controversy, though it was not unti the endo the century that the Tragurian fragmentwas Universali accepte a genuine.
The Code Traguriensis is a mali folio bound in eather containing 237 writte and II lan pages, the alter bein ruted in conformit with the est. The Satira egins a page Ι 8S. From page 8 to page Osis found the par contained in the ordinaryeditions On page Os is the statemen in re inlaci Petronii Arbitri Satyri Fragmenta Explici . . . ex Libro uinto Decimo et Sexto Decimo. Theni page 2O6 follows the Cena Trimalchionis The end of the manuscript