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sor eight days longer; then dry it, and redueeit to a very sine P ΟWder.
This is a triple sali, in Whicli tho iron is frst oxydated bybeing moistened and exposed to air, and then it combines With the superabundant acid of the supertartrate os potass; it is there re a tartrate os potass and iron. The process of the Pharmacopoeia of 1787, seemed insuffcient for the complete formation of the sali, for sonae of the iron alWays re- mained in iis metallic state, and was attractable Dom it by the magnet; a repetition of the moistening and exposure is there fore noW directed, and even that may not be sussicient for the fuit combination of the constituent paris, as there alWays seems to be a predominant quantity of the metal. Thetartrate os potass and iron may be dissolved in Water, and sucha solution has been recommended for internal use.
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Chem. Med. Hal. III 5. in and called Tinctura martis assalina; it is now sirst introduced into the Pharmacopoeia, as afford- ing a combination of iron distinct Dom any other, and ostenapplicabie to practice, and is Ι was to speah individually of iis poWers, I should consider them as more considerable thanthose of any other preparation of the metat in many cases attended with deb1l1ty of stomach, and it has been also prepared in some large s ps and not Unfrequently employed. Iis chemicat composition has not been exactly ascertained; theresere, Whether it be, as, there is reason to belleve that it is, a triplesali, formed by the union os nitric acid with red oxyd of ironand with potass, is not certain. The directions given by Statilare by no means uniform in their effeci, and seem especiallyuncertain in ordering the complete saturation of the acidwith the iron. Beaume and Kerr found it to succeed more
constantly, and almost certainly, by the use of a solution ofiron not nearIy saturaled, and very acid. In this state it has nin the reddish yellow colour os a saturaled solution, but is
clear and stightly meenish. This is intended to be effected by the directions given; hut is by accident the solution
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ich will depend upon the strength of the acid, and uponthe quantity of surface of the metal Whicli is exposed to it. The iron, there re, should be added in a lump as a nati, orthicla mire , and not in silings. li Wili succeed by the gra- dual addition of either solution to the other: but it has appeared to me to be more certain when made according to the directions given in the texi, and by shahing the mixture astereacti addition of the acid solution to the alhaline one. It is also said that the re-solution of the precipitate is a better testthan the cessation os effervescence. The proportions are
pretiy nearly as here given, but they require to be checked by occasionat examinations, particularly by the taste, Whichought to have a predominance of alhalescence in it. Afierstanding, nitrate os potass usualty crystalliges, Dona Whichthe clear de ep brownisti red liquor is to be poured off. One Convenience of this preparation is that it may be given Withastringent Veget abies, without forming a mixture so hiach and unpleasant to the sight as most other preparations of iron: it novertheleqs blachens the faeces, as the others also do. It hasbeen objected that water decomposes it: stili, ho ever, the full
to render turbid an ordinary draught. It is state d that this solution is apt to forin crystals in cold weather, and then to be- come Unequat in strength : is, however, such a circumstanceshould Chance to talae place, it may be eas ly obviated. Itaeem S also on long standing to precipitate the oxyd of iron.
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Tinctura ferri ammoniacalis, P. L. t 7ST. Tinctura florum martialium, P. L. II 45. Tinctura martis Mynsichti, P. L. lI20.
Proos Spirit, a Pint. Di gest anil strui n.
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135This sali evaporated to dryness Will yield an uncrystallig- able orange coloured mass, whicli deliquesces in the air and issolubie in allioliol. The tinctiare has a bro nisi, yelloin colour and Very astringent iaste. It evidently contains the redoXyd of iron, and herice the convenience of using the sub- carbonate whicli contains the metat in that state, and themuriatic acid in dissolving it acts as in one of iis ordinary domestic applications to the removat of iron moulds. The term Xymuriate Was used to distinguisti it froni a compound of the black oxyd with the fame metal, whicli differs in iis characters. Some chemisis assirm that when sulphuric acid ispoured upon it, the odour of OXymuriatic acid is perceptibie, &c. Thompson's Chemistry, p. 2IO); others, On more recent eXperimenis, deny this, and probably Witti justice: butin the book here referred to thore is a marginal referetice to Davy's Journal of the Royat Institution.
Vinum ferri, P. L. I 87. Vinum chalybeatum, P. L. lI15. P. L. II 2O.
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There are many well-Dunded obiections to the use of Wine as a chemicat solvent, but this preparation has beon practicatly found so useful and convenient, notwith standing the smaliness of the quantity of metat dissolved, that the College have judged proper stili to retain it unaltered. Itis stated that one pint contains 22 grains of red oxydo iron, so that scarcely tali a grain is usualty given for a dose.
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Η rarorus nitratus ruber, P. L. I 87. Μercurius corro-sivus ruber, P. L. II 5. Μercurius praecipitatus corro-sivus, P. L. 172O.
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METALS AND THEIR SALI S. APPly a moderate beat, and rais e the si egradu atly untii the red vapour Cense S to uri S C.
In the Pharmacopoeia of Ι78 I, one drachm os muriaticaci d was added to one pound of nitric ; and in that of 1745, a similar compound was sirst employed; the addition is not, hoWeVer, necessary to the Ultimate produci, and is there renow omitted. It is dissiculi to say for What purpose it Wasever Used, sor is any oXymuriate os mercury was formed in the sirst, it would sublime aWay in the subsequent part of the process ; perhaps it might be thought that by sublimingaWay a Portiora, the residia ary mass Would be lest in a more spongy state, and Would more rea lily, for this reason, shoot into the brilliant plated crystals whicli forna the most commontest of iis perfection. The object is to obtain a red oxyd of
mercury by the decomposition os iis nitrate by heat ; in thesii si place, there re, the nitrate is formed by boiling the
metat in the acid, and evaporating the solution to dryness. The different compo uiads whicli nitric acid fornas with mer-cury, according to the degree of Oxydation of the metal, and the relative proportions of the metal and oXyd, are notnow to be considered ; the result is here, in the sirst instance, a nitrate os mercury oxydiged to iis maximum. In thesecond place, When this sali is eXposed to heat, nitrous gasa rises, indicated by the Orange-coloured sumes it fornas whenit melis the oXygen os atmospheric air, and the mass assumes Successively a yello , orange, and at last a bright red colour, With a crystalline appearance. The second part has usuallybeen conducted in the mattrass in Whicli the solution waifirst made, to whicli it may be objected, that when the externat part os a large mass is sussiciently decomposed, thς
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internat part is altered in a less degree, as is evinced by the differen ce of colour of iis severat layers, and that the wholeis une luatly affected ; the directions are there re thus modis ed, that the whole may be equat ly heat ed : a change of the vesset is directed, and is a mussie be used for the lalter part of the process, it Will allow of occasional inspection, and of the mass heing stirred abolit; So that it may be more equalty heated, and a more uniform oxyd be lese ; the heatshould be stea ly, and continued as long as any nitrous gas arises. Is the heat be urged further, and to redness, the oxydis decomposed, oxygen gas is then giVen OVer, and the mercuryreduced to iis metallic state. The commencernent of this seconci decomposition is talien by M. Passaye s A. C. 5 l), asa test of the perfection of the firsi, by the inflammation os amalch, in a state os loW combustion, introduceis into the gas whicli arises. It appears to me, that is the preparation beatientively conducted, it Will not be a subnitrate, but a redoxyd only ; though it is stated that bolling water Will fromiis ordinary fornas dissolve a portion os nitrate os mercury.
Thus it differs Dom the red oxyd prepared by heat, and this
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Boii the Submuriate of mercury in the lime-Water, ConStantly Stiri in g, tantii a grey oxydos mercury is precipitated. Wash this With distilled water, and then dry it.
Under the heads of Hydrargyri Oxymurias, and Hydrargyri Submurias, the disserent relations of the mercury to OXygen in each are stated. In the submuriate it is a minor black oxyd, and in the decomposition of the sali, by anystronger assinity, as by that os lime or aikalies, this oxyd is separated. It consisis, according to Fourcroy, of mercury. 96, OXygen .Ol. The same oxyd exists also in the pitulae hydrargyri, but it is osten convenient to have it in the formos poWder. It may be used for fumigations, as it resembles in iis produci tho more complicated formula used by Lalo' nette, sor his fumigating POWder.