The Latin & Irish lives of Ciaran

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live in exile and in desert places; because he claimed to

have right to the Crown. . . .

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The Episode of Tren VG . his story illustrates a bellei in Sympathetic magic. What Tren had done to

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For paralleis to the automatic transfer os objects by water, See Ρlummer, VSH, i, P. ClXXXVi, note a.

It is qui te obvious that the story as we have it is a conflation of two versions of the ane dote. In the oneversion the wine was brought by Frankisti merclianis and acquired by purchase: in the other it was provided by miracle. The composite Story appears in LA and VG: LB knows the miraculoUS VerSion Only. That Franklin merclianis inould have falleli up the Shannon and delivered a cargo of wine at a Settiementin the heari os Ireland in the middie of the Sixth century, i S no mere extraVagance. The subject os ancient Irishtrade has been very fulty investigated by the late Pros. Zimmer, and he has brought a large number of facts together inicii inow that Such an episode is a quite credibie fragment of histo . The second version, though LB calis it miraculum insolitum, is one of the commonplaceS of hagiography.Water was turned to wine by a host os gainis, Such aS

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The Tendenz of the biographies of Claran is clearlymarhed in the hini at a parallel between the last Supperoi Claran and the Last Passover of Our Loro.

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more moderate estimate).

The sto of Crithir is told again in the Lives of Claranthe Elder see Silua Gadelica, Vol. i, p. 14, and CorreSPOU'ing translation). The culpsit is there called Crithid, and the version adds that the event took place in a time of

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way of reconciling the traditions, taking the orthodox date for the foundation of Clonmacnois 548ὶ but postponing the death of the Saint to 556, in accordance withthe astronomicat indications. Some one noticed thatis his life were retronched to the year of the foundationof the monastery, it would be brought into conformity

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Coemgen'S petulance at the preoccupation of the