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LAW AND ANTIQUITIES, BESIDES THE AB OVE.
These two works for par of a ne AEdition o Becher an Marquardi stand- book of Roman Antiquities.
CHRO NOLOGICAL LIS O CICERO S RIT INGS.
86 De Inventione Rhetorica libri ii cp. De Orat. I. I; Quintil. Inst. Orat. 3 6 58). Translations os Aratus Phaenomena, an os other poem os Aratus cp. De Deor. Nat. 2. I, O ). Translations rom Homer De Fin. 5. 18, 9). Translationis the Oeconomic o Xenophon De Off. a. 4, 8 r), and of ' various Dialogues of Plato. Oratio pro P. Quinctio cp. Α. Gell. N. A. 5. 28, 3). - Sex. Roscio Amerino A. Gell. l. c. Quintil. InSt. Orat. II 6 43. L. Vareno. Muliere Arretina Pro Caec. 33 97). Titinia Brut. O 2I7). Patriciis Adulescentibus apud Sex. Peducaeum Plut Cic. ). Quaestoris decedentis, habita Lilybaei Pseud Ascon. Argum in Divin. in Caeci). pro M. Tullio. - C. Mustio In Verr a Act. I. 53, 393. Divinatio in Caecilium and In Verrem, Actio I Actio 2. I-5. Oratio pro M. Fonteio. is A. Caecina. 68 First Leiter to Atticus Ad Att. I. 5).
,r Troilope Cicero I. o soli. has given ome reason sor Placing the speech Pro P. Quinctio aster that Pro Sex. Roscio Amerino.
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Oratio pro Q. Roscio Comoedo. 6, Oratio pro P. Oppio. 66 de Imperio Cn. Pompeii, seu pro Lege Manilia Ib. G24, 693. pro A. Cluentio cp. Ib. 53, 47).M. Fundanio et ' C. Orchivio cp. Q. Cic. de Pet.
Orationes Duae pro C. Cornelio ΑScon in Cornel. 93, 4). Oratio in Toga Candida Ascon Argum. p. IO ; DO). pro Q. Gallio Ascon ad orat in Tog. Cand P. II 3; Q. Cic. de Pet. ConS 5 I9). orationes Consulares cp. Ad Att. a. I. 3). Oratio in Senatu Kal. Ian. de Lege Agraria. ad Quirites contra P. Rullum. de Othone. pro C. Rabirio. de Proscriptorum Filiis. cum Provinciam in Contione deponeret. in Catilinam ratione Quatuor. Orationes duae, breves, de Lege Agraria one no longereXtant).
Oratio pro L. Murena not mentioned Ad Att. l. c.)C. Pisone Pro Flacco 39, 98). contra Contionem Q. Metelli cp. Ad Fam 5 2 83. pro P. Sulla. Archia Poeta Schol. ob on 2, 3 os that speech).' ieiter o Pompe o his consulsitim Pro Planc. 34, 85, and Schol. ob thereon).First Leiter ad Familiares' 5. 7). Oratio in Clodium et Curionem Schol. Bob. Argum. cp. Ad
oratio pro Α. Thermo Pro Flacco 39, 98). si L. Flacco Ad Att. a. 25, in. 59 Chorographia, in geographica work cp. Ad Att. a. 6 I; Priscian 6 83 ap. aiter. i. 76). Oratio Post Reditum in Senatu Ad Att. 4. I, 5). ad Quirites Ad Att. 4. I, in. de Domo Sua Ib. . , a). . Rege Alexandrino Ad Q. F. 2. 2. 3). pro P. Sestio Ib. a. 4, 1). in P. Vatinium Ad Q. F. a. 4 I; Adiam. I. 9 7 . pro L. Calpurnio Bestia Ad Q. F. a. 3, ).
sa Oratio de Aere Alieno Milonis Schol. ob Argum).
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LIST O CICERO S I IN S. 6766656 63
Oratio pro Q. Roscio Comoedo. Oratio pro P. Oppio. de Imperio Cn. Pompeii, seu pro Lege Manilia Ib. G24, 69). pro A. Cluentio ep. Ib. 53, 47).M. Fundanio et ' C. Orchivi, cp. Q. Cic. de Pet.
C. Manilio cp. Plut Cic. ). Q. Mucio cp. Orat in Tog. Cand. ). Orationes Duae pro C. Cornelio Ascon in Cornel. 93, 4). Oratio in Toga Candida Ascon Argum. p. IO ; DO)- pro Q. Gallio Ascon ad orat in Og Cand P. II 3;
Q. Cic. de Pet. ConS 5 I9). Orationes Consulares cp. Ad Att. 2. I. 3). Oratio in Senatu Kal. Ian. de Lege Agraria. ad Quirites contra P. Rullum. de Othone. pro C. Rabirio. de Proscriptorum Filiis. cum Provinciam in Contione deponeret. in Catilinam rationes Quatuor. Orationes duae, breves, de Lege Agraria one n longer extant).
Oratio pro L. Murena not mentioned Ad Att. l. c.), C. Pisone Pro Flacco 39, 98). - contra Contionem Q. Metelli cp. Adiam 5 2 8). - pro P. Sulla. - Archia Poeta Schol. Bob on 2, 3 os that speechin.' aette to Pompe on his consulsitim Pro Planc. 34, 85, and Schol. ob thereon .First Leiter Ad Familiares' 5 7 . Oratio in Clodium et Curionem Schol. Bob. Argum. cp. Ad
Oratio pro A. Thermo Pro Flacco 39, 963. L. Flacco Ad Att. a. 25, ).s Chorographia, a geographica work cp. Ad Att. a. 6, 1; Priscian 6 83 ap. Baiter. i. 76). Oratio Post Reditum in Senatu Ad Att. 4. 1, 5). - ad Quirites Ad Att. 4. I, ). de Domo Sua Ib. . , a). Rege Alexandrino Ad Q. F. a. a. 3). pro . Sestio Ib. a. 4 H. in P. Vatinium Ad Q. F. a. 4, 1 Ad Fam. I. 9 7). pro L. Calpurnio Bestia Ad Q. F. a. 3, ).
13, 32).is a Cornelio Balbo. - M. Cispio Pro Plane. 3I, 75). in L. Pisonem Ascon in Pisonian Intr.). pro L. Caninio Gallo Ad Fam. 7. I, 3. De Oratore, libri iii. Adiam. I. 9, 3 - De Temporibus Suis libri iii versibus scripti Ad Fam. I. 9,
' Gratio pro M. Crasso Ad Fam. . , O)
de Reatinorum Causa Ad Att. 4. 5, J. pro C. Messio Ad Att. 4. 5, ). Druso Ad Att. l. c. Ad Q. F. a. 6, 3). Vatinio Ascon in Scaurian. p. 3I Ad Q. F. a.
Scauro Ascon l. c. Ad Q. F. 3. I, D). Cn. Planci, Ad Q. F. l. c., Schol. Job. ad Plancian sub init.). Gabinio Pro Rab. Post Ia 3 a Dion Cassius 39, 55). C. Rabirio Postumo. Tenediorum Libertate Ad Q. F. . , a).. me'Re publica libri vi. cp. Ad Att. 4. 6, )
sa Oratio de Aere Alieno Milonis Schol. ob Argum).
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Oratio pro T. Annio Milone Ascon in Milonian P. I O). - M. Saufeio Ascon l. c. I 59). in T. Munatium Plancum Bursam Dion Cassius o, 55 cp. Ad Fam. 7. 2, 2). De Optimo Genere Oratorum, as a prelacerio a tranStationis Aesch. in Ctesiph and Demosth de Cor. cap. 4 IO). De legibus libri iii. Suringar, P. et a I). Orationes duae pro P. Dolabella Ad Fam. 3. IO, 53. 6 oratio pro M. Marcello Ad Fam 4 4 4).
Brutus, sive De Claris Oratoribus. Laus Catonis Ad Att. I a. 4, 2; 2. 5, 2). Orator cp. Io, 354 Ad Att. Ia 6, 3). Partitiones Oratoriae. Oratio pro Q. Ligario Ad Fam. 6. I 4, 24 d Att. I 3. I 2, 2). Consolatio, sive me auctu Minuendo De Divin. a. I, 3 Pliny, Hist. Nat. Praef.4 22). Hortensius Tusc. DiSp. 3. 3, 6 a. 2, 3. Academicorum libri v. Ad Att. I 3. I 2, 3 TuSc. DiSp. 2. 2, ). De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum libri v. Ad Att. 3. I 2, 3;
' laudatio Porciae Ad Att. 3. 37, 3). Oratio pro Rege Deiotaro Ad Fam. . I 2, 2).' Epistola ad Caesarem de Ordinanda Re publica συμβουλευ
Timaeus, sive de UniverSo. Tusculanae Disputationes V. Ad Att. I 5 4, 3). De Deorum Natura libri iii. De Divin. I. 5, 8 2. I, 3). De Divinatione libri ii. De Fato I. I an cp. Ad Att. 5. I, 3). De Gloria libri ii. Ad Att. 6. II, I; I 6 6 4). Cato Maior, sive De Senectute Ad Att. 4. I, 3; 6. II, 3; Divin. 2. I, 3 Laelius, sive De Amicitia. De Ossiciis libri iii. Ad Att. I 6. II, 4 15. I 3, 6). Topica Ad Fam. 7. 9). Oratio de Pace Philipp. I. I, I). Orationes Philippicae I-IU. Ad Atticum I 6. I, Dec.
The las letter Writte to Atticus that has been preserved.
a rationes Philippica V-XIV. Ad Familiares 1 a. Io Quintil. Ineunte.
Io. V. Kal. Sext. Incerim ' i ait, Popilio Laenate Val. MaX. 5. 3, 4)anno Translatio sto the Protagoras os Plato. Marius, a poem De Leg. I. De Divin. I. 47, IO6ὶ. The bove is has been compile sto notices os Cicero' lis in Orelli' Onomasticon, in alter' Leipeti edition os Cicero, an in Suringar's Annales Ciceroniani.
Theclas lette writtena Cicero that has been preserved.
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PRINCIPAL EVENT IN CICERO' LIFE. Ἀκκiii
Birthis Cicero, Jan. 3 He serves unde Cn. Pompeius Strabo in the
Murderis P. Sulpicius Flight os C. Marius Sulla goes to the ast Civit War Retur os
Cicero writes the treatis De Inventione. Deathos C. Marius
Retur os Sulla. Civit War rene e . Speech iro Quinctio. Legislationis Sulla Speech Pro Sex. Roscio Amerino' Cicero traveis in reece and Asia
Cicero return to Rome and marries Terentia λ)Serves a quaestor sor a year o Lilybaeum Accuses Verres Firs consulfhipis Pompe and
Consulfhip. Speeches against Catiline
Firs consulfhipis Caesar Firs triumvirate)Exite os Cicero. Me return toritat Aug. 5 57 Reconciliation illi Pompe and Caesar Deseat and Deathis Crassus Murderis Clodius. Third and sole consulfhip os Pompey
Q have not thought it necessar to give the authorities for these dates Thos relatinito Cicero' persona histor Will e found ither On P. xxvii-xxxi, o in the Introductions to the Various Paris.
Govemment os Cilicia. Cicero return to Italy
Civit War Cicero Oin Pompe in Greece, butreturn to Ital aster the batile o Pharsalus.
War in Africa. Meath os Cato. Cicero divorces Terentia and marries Publilia ... 46Deathis Tullia. War in Spain Batti os unda 45Murderis Caesar Cicero seis oujsor Greece, butreturns Deliver the firs Mur Philippic Cicero desiver the las te Philippics sar os Mutina Deathis Cicero, Dec. a
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I. M. TULLIU CIcERO a bor at Arpinum Jan. 3, Io B.c. His sather ore the fame name, and was a Roman knight o considerable lande property his mother, Helvia, is aid to have belonge to agood family. Cicero calis the poet Archias, ho en to Rome in Ioa', ne os his earlies leachers' and enc it is probable that thesamil removexto Rome about that time. Both the greatest orator os the time-L. Crassus and M. Antonius-too an interest in Cicero' education ' and his unci Lucius accom- panted Antonius, ho received about this time a commiSSion to SuppreSSpiracy, to the East'. Aster completin his earlier studies ' Cicerotegan to attend the lessonsos a Latin rhetorician, L. Plotius, sor hicli, hoWever, he asterward Substitute thos o Gree teachers the age of Seventeen e ostentistene to the answersalve o potnis os laWa Q. Mucius Scaevola, the augur '; ut his legat education was interrupte by the Social War, in hichae δ' served unde the consul Cn. Pompeius Strabo, and Scaevoladlexabout his time. Cicero, hoWever, resumedii studies unde another Scaevola, cousinis his late leacher, and pontifex maximus. Among histeacher in philosoph were the Academic Philo and the Stoic Diodotus; in rhetoric Apollonius, urname Molon, o Rhodes, ho was the at Rome, and hos precept Were illustrate by the speeches of the eloquent tribune P. Sulpicius f
Aul. Gell. N. A. 15. 28, 3 Plut Cic. a. ' Plut Cic. I. Pro Arch. 3, 5. b. I. De Orat. a. I, 3. Ib. 7 Suringar P. 533. ' Fragm. 222 p. Nobbe.
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a Cicero mentions as early orlis os his, a translation os the Economic os Xenophon, an a reatis o rhetorio; ut hether thelalter,as an os the work now extant unde his name, is doubisul He seem to have remaine neutra during the civit ars o Marius an Sulla and thei partisans o successors Aster me sina triumphos Sulla, he delivere the rs of his speeches hicli has come doWnto us that o bellat os P. Quinctius' an resumed apparentis , his
Sex. Roscius, os Ameria, hom Some of Sulla's creatures ad conspire t accuse os parricideq; and shorti asterwards, pleade onbelial os a oman o Arretium, in a case involving the validit os Sulla' harsh measures illi respecto that place 'Partly perhaps to avoid the hostilit aroused by these acis, parti tores sto exertions hich he was old were injuring his ealth, Ciceroles Rome in 79 .c. Aster Spendin Si monilis at thens, herehe studie unde Antiochus, a philosopher of the old Academy, hetravelle in Asia, and Mund an opportunit os again receiving instructionsto Molon, ho ad returne to Rhodes'. Cicero as absent DomRome about two ear in ali an returne much stronge in healthan taught o to usban his poWer in Speahing. He was no et years old his sirst marriage mus have ahen place in his earat latest. His Wila, Terentia, a apparenti a Woman o good family, and certaini possessed a respectabi lande property'. Q. Hortensius Hortalus an C. Aurelius Cotta Koyed the ighestreputatio as orator at this time δ'
ἔ 3. In the ea 76 B.α, Cicero as electe one os the quaestors by a large majority V, and was assigned to the deparimentis Lilybaeum δ' Sex. Peducaeustein propraetor os Sicily. During his residenc in theisland Cicero discovered the tom of Archimedes δ' and hesore returningio Rome delivere a speech to the Sicilians a Lilybaeum Τε. He eem to have discliarge the uties of his ossice illi ea and honesty, and to have o the regard both os the Sicilians and of his oW countrymen, o hom his diligene in supplying the capital illi
From 73 o I .c., Sicil Wa oppresse is C. Verres, hil public
Div. in Caec. I a Ascon Comment. cp. Pro Plane. 27 65. V usc. Disp. 5.
attention as engrosse a Rome by the wars illi Sertorius, Spartacus, and Mithridates. The war illi Sertorius astrought to an endin a that illi Spartacus in I; ut these triumplis os the Romangovernmen were sollowed by dissension amoniit Supporters. The ont speechielivered by Cicero belWeen the ear 75 and 7 B. C. Whichias been preserve to us, is that o bellat o M. Tullius, spolienapparenti in I ut the nexi ear itnesse the memorabie prosecution o Verres, illi hicli Cicero' politica career a be sal toliave begun. He Was elected curule aedile during the proceedingi'.
L . Eight years lia elapse since the death os Sulla, an no alterations os importance ad been made in his institutions the tribunes of theseopte ere stili deprive of thei oldiower os initiatin legislation the ouris os crimina justice ere stili exclusivel comm sed os Senators and the appotniment os censors ad been discontinue sorSeVerat earS. Moreover, an important cities in Italy were stilloccupied by his militar colonisis and thei old inhabitanis, illi many others, ere suffering rom the effect os his proscriptions and confiscations. Nor ad the essoris os the popular part to effectis counter revolutio by arm been successsul. et the aspect os assair canliave ive litu Satisfaction to the more sar-sighte member of the victorious party. Sulla ad attempte to estabiisti the supremac of the senate both ver the eopte an ove ali public osticers an his constitution required, or iis successsu Working, Wisdom an firmnesso the par of the overning ody, and obedience an selDsacrificeo the par os the ighest civi an militar officers. Now, thereseemo have been se me in the senate os ea soresight, even asto the interest os their own order the majorit Were Selfish, and, is no themselves criminat, incline to oo with indulgenc on crimes committed by member of theiriwn body'. Andiuigii ossicers were litile inclineduo respectinither the letteri the spiritis the constitution. Usagerequired that a provinciat overno fhouldie, o fhould have been consulo praetor; ut Pompey, Without havin hel either ossice, advance aclaim successsuli so the government sine of the panisli provinces. Further, a minorit in the senate ad neve approve the violent measures of Sulla. The equites ere, probably, exasperate by thelos of thei contro of the ouris os criminat justice. The exclusivenesso the overnment drove me like Cicero into the rank of the opposition. Man Italia communities, speciali in Etruria, ad sufferedios os lands, o os locat stanchises, at the and os Sulla, and the
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inhabitant os such places must ither have gone to Rome o Wellthe turbulent an need population os the capital o have forme adangerous element in the counir districis, here thei ranks eresoon rein rced by numbers of bankrupi militar colonisis Lastly, the metropolitan populace, composed in great measure of soreigners and Deedmen, and the numerous flaves in Italy many of them trainedas gladiators, require the contro os a sar more effective police inanthe governmen had atriis disposai. D5. Pompe returne sto Spat in I .c., an Seem to have puthimself in communication illi Crassus, illi the more moderate partyin the senate, and with the eader of the democrais He was anXiousto obtain the distinctions os a triumph an consulShip and could notlegali erio either' The motives of Crassus in supportin him areno very clear; ut to the democrat the id of the greates generalo the time as invaluabie. The resulis of this powersu combination, hichiseem to have been effecte in the summer of I .c., Speedit appeared. Pompe and Crassus mere elected consul sor 7 B.c. Pompe obtaine the triumphile destred, and with his colleague, propoSed or Supporte the meaSures destred by the democratS namely, I. The abolitionis the restrictions imposed by Sulla o the poWer os the tribunes, hicli,er no removed by a Lex Pompeia tribunici 'a A emodeliing of the couris os criminat justice. The wer hence- forti to e composed os senators, equites, an tribuni aerarii Thischange as effected by a Lex Aurelia, propoSed by L. Cotta, brotheros the consul in 75 .c., and bears the mark of compromise 3. A re-establishment of the censorship'. These measures reverse at the more important politica changes
of Sulla. ut the di litve so the direct mitigatio of the socia and
economica erils rom hicli Rome and Italy ere suffering. D6. The prosecution o Verres too place during the summe os o .c. The friend of the accused ere anxious, firSt, o deprive Cicero of the conductis the prosecution secondiy, to dela the triat illthe nexi ear, hen Verres advocate HortenSius Would e consul, and the compositio of the our might e more mourabie. But Cicero's vigilance ame them Hemade ni a hori Speech in pening the
No the triumph, sorae ad hel no magistracy no the consulfhip. sor he was Ooyoung, and hadiso been praetor o aedile Cp. Cic. Philipp. 5. 7, 48 App. Beli. iv. I.
App. Beli. iv. I. I 2I; Cic. De Legg. 3. 9, 22 3. II, 26. in Pison. p. 29 β 4: Ad Att. I. 16, 3. loc Fasti Consulares fora B.C.
ove helming that Hortensius ave u the delance, an Verres mentinio exile. The assai may have contributexto the enaciment of the Lex Aurelia mentioned aboveri and to deepe the impression hicli it made Cicero published sive speeche whichi might have delivered had the casegonein and in hichae summed up the evidence at great tength LDuring the three sollowin years 69-67 .c., Cicero Seem to avetahen ille par in politics. In his aedilesiit he received presenishom the Sicilians, an applied them to the public Service an opportunit os innin popular avour hicli a the Ore etcome, asthe moderate extent of his oWn ortune revente his offering the usual entertainments to the eople on a splendi scale'. In 69 edefende M. Fonteius o a charge of misgovernment in Gaul; and paris of his speech diminish ur respect so the spirit he hewed in accusing Verres. The speech o bellat os A. Caecina very lihel be- long to the fame ear. In the nexi, 68 Cicero os his ather, and his sirs cousin Lucius M. His brother Quintus arrie Pomponia, sisteros Atticus, bout the fame time. The earlies of Cicero' letters hichliave been preserve date stom the fame ear, ut contain litile os genera interest ' The speech Pro Q. Roscio Comoedo a probablydelivered in Mor 67 .ci Roscius ad previoustyalven Cicero tesSons in elocution ' 7. In the ea 6 B. c. havin reached the age required by la os candidates sor the praetorship Cicero uexsor that ossice an such Washis popularity that though the comitia ere tWice alourned he a atthe head of the pol on ali three occasions LVariou measures os more or les importance ere carrie during this year. C. Cornelius, ne of the tribunes, proposed an carrie laws restricting the powers of the senate to grant eXemption hom the perationis particular laws, and binding the praetor to publisti thei edicis atoncei cominiinto ossice, and to adhere to them ' His supporter be- haved with great turbulence L. Roscius Otho, another tribune Carried la assigning to the equites specia places in the theatre Cicero asos an equestria family, and both on persona an public rounds, eapprove this measure' a calculate to dra the equites eare to the senate. He also approve of a far more important law of the fame date δ' that o A. Gabinius commissionin Pompe to ac againSt thepirates os Cilicia illi ver extenSiV POWerS.
The oreign histor os Rome had been very chequere during the se
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Past years. In October 69 .c., L. Lucullus ad gaine a splendidvictor ove Tigranes of Armenia, and ad taken Tigranocerta; ut hewas unpopular illi his army, and ill-supported by the home government. His lieuienanis also in Armenia an Pontus, ere deseate by Mithridates, and he was successivel deprive of the government of Asia and Cilicia, and of the conduci of the war. The ossice name to Succeed hi in the last duty M . Acilius Glabrio, declined however, o ci; ut Lucullus could oni standi the defensive nea the Upper Halys
Pompey, o the ther and executed hi commission to suppresspiracy illi rilliant success, an passe the inter of 67-66 B.c. in Cilicia, preparing apparently to ac against Q. Metellus in Crete' hodecline to recognis the supremac grante to Pompey by the la os
II. Such a the position os assair When Cicero entere o his praetorshi in the beginning of 66 B.α He preside in the ouri hichtrie cases of extortion quaestio repetundarum), an appears o have acted illi integrit speciali on the tria os the wealthy C. Licinius
Macer M. He delivered various speeches elare ther tribunal amongothers that o bellais os A. Cluentius Habitus. The mos important event of the yea 66 B.c., both sor Rome and sor Cicero, Was the enaciment of the Lex Manilia, transferring to Pompe thecommand against Mithridates, illi the government os Pontus, Bithynia, and Cilicia, hile he was to retain the commissionae helyto ac against the pirates. Cicero earnesti supporte this measure, in a speech stillextant , an his attachmen to the great generat ad so important an influenc on his subsequent career, that wema pauserio considerariesty
Pompe had done more than an contemporar to reverSe themeasures of Sulla Though not like Cicero, novus homo, hewas by no means of igh nobility an his supporter Were mainlyto e Mund among the equites, the iddie classes in the countrydistricis, an at time among the populace os the capital, as 'a thecaSe, to a great extent, illi Cicero imself Both in Spat an in
good usban an sather. Thus, as a Successsu generat, a moderate
politician, an a Roman o old-sashione morality, Pompe acquiredan ascendanc Over Cicero, hicli the error an inconsistencies of his later conduci neve entiret destroyed.
Dion Cassius 35 Veli. a. 33 App. Mithr. 9o; I; Plut Luculi. 35. 'me was cousin f Q. Metellus Pius, an had gaine victories in Crete in 68-67. Dion Cassius 36. I: et Veli. a. 34 Plut Pomp. 29. y lut ic Ad Au a Pro Lege Manilia, o De Imperi Cn. Pompeii.
Tullia a betrothed in 664 α to C. Calpurnius Piso, but apparently
It appears that Cicero' brother, Quintus, as elected curule aedile sor65 .c. P. Sulla an P. Autronius ere electe consul so the fame year, but were convicted os bribery, hicli annulied thei election Theythen combined with Cn. Piso an L. Sergius Catilina tomurde L. Cotta an L. Torquatus, ho ha been electe to fit thei places ThestotWas tot carriex tin Dec. 3 aut alled, win to Some miSunder- standing. Catiline had just returned stomaoverning Africa a propraetor, an probabi seare a prosecution enuoy sto the province avingarrivexat Romerio complain os his conduci. In the ea 65 .c., Cicero defended C. Cornelius the tribune of 67 : and perhaps delivered the speech de rege Alexandrino of hicli some fragments have been preserved ' Havin decline the administrationos a province a propraetor', he egan to prosecute his canuas sortii consulShip whicli, however, he could no legali hold ill 637. The electio sor resulted in savour os L. Iulius Caesar, materna uncte os M. Antonius, the triumvir, and of C. Marcius Figulus ' Cicero mentions among his oW antagonisis, Catiline, C. Antonius, and Wo more reSpect- able men, P. Galba and Q. Cornificius. Heiegged Atticus, ho a then
queStionabie electioneering manaeuures. For e thought o defending Catiline os,hos gulit he hadiso doubi, o a charge of extortion; hopingillat, is acquitted, he would coalesce illi his advocate δ' opinion differed, even amon writer living ithi a centurnos Cicero' death, hether heactuali defende Catiline or not . Moreover, he decline to supportCaecilius, uncte os Atticus, in a jus sui against ne Caninius Satyrus, out o regar both for Caninius himself, an sor his powersu stiendL. Domitius δ' Catiline as acquitted, Win to the corruptio of the judges and the treacher of his accuser P. Clodius V. Cicero' son Marcus a bor on the da os electio os consul sor64 .c.' Atticus, in compliance illi Cicero' requeSt, returne to Rome ro Athens, here he hadclive a years q. In the nexi ear 6 B.c., Cicero' attentio mus have been mainlyoccupied by his canuas for the consulfhip. e have o letters of this date no does h seem to have made an remarhable Speeches, illi the