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flammeus conspicitur. Par lum, clausis palpebris. Fors Ortasse ratio est scintillae, lasse est pur ratio scintillae,
quam vident aliquando quum ciuio laborantes comi- morbo comitiali laborantes, tiali morbo aliquando vident,
in immensum et splendi- crescentem in immensum et dum jubar crescentem mox splendidum jubar, mor ante-
antequam convulsi cor- quam corruant conυulsi.
ruant. Simile jubar se vi- Homines testantur se vidissedisse testantur homines, ad simile jubar, cum reduces Vitam reduces postquam ad vitam postquam fuerint Strangulati, aut sub aquis strangulati, aut fuerint9 mersi fuissent. Cohibita ni- mersi sub aquis. Nimirum
mirum respiratione, venae respiratione cohibita, venae capitis sanguine turgentes, capitis turgentes sanguine, totum cerebrum, partesque feriunt et comprimunt totum nervoSas quae in Capite Sunt, cerebrum, que nerυOSasseriunt, et Comprimunt. Ob- partes, quae Sunt in capite.
Servantur porro istiusmodi Porro scintillae istiusmodi scintillae, haud secundo omine, ab iis quibus febre laborantibus phrenitis aut serox delirium imminent; tum quoque ab iis quibus
omine, ab iis laborantibus febre, quibus phrenitis aut feror delirium imminent; tum quoque ab iis, quibus graViora capitis mala, par graviora mala cupitis scili-
closed palpebrae. Perhaps there is the fame reason sor thes spark whicli persons under an attack of epilepsy somelimes See, increasing to an immense and splendid beam, immediato ly be re they fali into convulsions. Persons attestthat they have seen a similar beam of light, When returningto lise, after strangulation, or submerSion in Water. Respiration, indeed, being checked, the veins of the head , turgidwith blood, strike and compress the whole brain and nervous paris within the head. Besides, sparks of that hind areobserved as no savour te omen, by persons suffering homi eVer, Or Over whom phrenitis or violent delirium are impend-ing, as weli as by those in Whom more important diseases
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instant. An ipsis sibris ner-VOSis retinae, motum Sponte
Concipientibus, perceptio lucis, ubi nulla lux est, recte tribuitur 3 260. Visus distinctus, Sed
salsus, rerum visibilium nimirum quae non Sunt, quod genus vitii, UtCunque mirum et explanatu difficil0 videatur, non Valde rariam OSt, in So Cerebro, inSaniae, delirio, non oculo ullo modo laboranti, imputari debet. 261. Frequens visUS Vitium est Oculorum distortio, quae strabismus apud medicos vocatur. Strabo eSt, qui aXes Oculorum praeter
solitum Obliquos habet, neque ad idem punctum directos. Hinc visus impe epilepsia instunt. An perceptio lucis ubi est nulla tuae, recte tribuitur nervosis j bris ipsis retinae, sponte concipientibus motum. 260. Distinctus visus, Sed falsus, Nimirum visibilium
Terum, quae non bunt, quod genus vitii, utcunque videatur mirum et difficile ea planatu, est Non valde rarum,
debet imputari laeso cerebro, insaniae, delirio, non oculoltiborianti ullo modo. 261. Distortis oculorum, quae Nocatur strabismus apud medicos, est frequens vitium oculorum. Illeo est strabo,φ' qui habet ames oculorum Obliquos praeter solitum, neqUE directos ad idem punctum.
Is the perception os lighi, where there is no light, properlyattributed to the nervous fibres of the retina, SpontaneouStyreceiving motioni 260. Distinet but salse vision, os truly visibie objecis, whicli do not exist, is a Lind of disorder, although it may bewonderfui and dissiculi os explanation, is not Very uncommon, and ought to be imputed lo injury of the brain, insanity, or delirium, and not to the eye suffering in any other Way. 26 l. A distortion os the eyes, whicli is called strabismus, amongst medicat men, is a frequent disorder of the eyes. Ne is a strabo, Who has the axes of the eyes unusuallyoblique, nor directed towards the fame potnt. Hunce the
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sectus, incertus, aliquando duplex, ideoque ConfuSIIS, et saepe ingens deformitas. Malum plerumque Congenitum, haud raro conatibus, quos infans nondum Conscius sui vitii, facit ad visum jucundiorem et accuratiorem reddendum, Corrigitur. Idem, imitatione, quae omnes homines, imprimis infantes, etiam inscios, multum regit, facillime discitur. Haud ita facile dediscitur. 262. Causam tanti vitii
musculis oculorum SaepiS-sime inesse verisimile est, qui male Consormati, Vel paralysi, rigiditate, ContraC-tione, corrupti, oculos ordinate et aequaliter regere nequeant. 263. Inducitur nonnUntus, incertus, aliquando dimpleaeque ideo confusus, et
scpe cesto ingens deformitas. Hoco malum plerumque congenitum, corriagitur haud raro, conatibus, quos infans nondum conscius sui vitii, facit sed reddendum visum jucundiorem et accuratiorem. Idem facillime discitur imitatione,
homines, imprimis infantes etiam inscios. Dediscitur haud ita facile.
262. Est verisimile causam tanti vitii saepissime in esse musculis oculorum, qui
musculio male conformati, vel corrupti paralysi, rigidi- tute caut9 contractione Nequeunt regere oculos ordinate et aequaliter. 263. Hoc vitium nonnun-sight is imperfeci, uncertain, Sometimes double, and there fore consuSed, and osten there is great deformity. Thisevit, generalty congenital, is frequently corrected by thuattempts whicli an infant, unconsutous Os iis defeci, mahesto Tender the vision more agree te and accurate. This evilis acquired by imitation, which has considerable influen e uponali persons, especialty children, even ignorant of it. It is uniearned not so ea Sily. 262. It is probable that the cause of so great an eVil, very Osten exisis in the muscies of the eyes, which beingbadly Ormed, or attached by paralysis, rigidity, or contraction, are unable to govern the eyes in a regular and
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in qua vehementisSimae Omnium muSculorum, et OeUlorum imprimis, conVulsiones fiunt. Unde sortasse eorum distortiones et lacerationes, aut alia mala immedicabilia. 264. Morbos quosdam capitis, hydropem PraeSe
tur. A magna vi capiti illata aliquando inducta est
oculorum distortio; aliquando, Sed rarissime, Sine nota CauSa Subito accedit. 265. Est vel alterius vel utriusque oculi: quorum distortio, major, minor, qua
quam Oriri a vitio retinarum p veluti si solita earum Puncta, Centra scilicet, et
204 quam inducitur epilapsio, inqua υehementissimae conυuiasiones musculorum, et impriamis cillorum musculorum)oculorum sunt, unde fr-tasse sunt distortiones aut lacerationes eorum, aut alia immedicabilia mala. 264. Nonnunquam comiatatur quosdam morbos capi
tis, praesertim hydropem. Aliquando distortio oculorum est inducta a magna vi illatucapiti; aliquando sed rarissime subito accedit sine nota
265. Est vel alterius vel utriusque oculi; distortioqu9rum, pstrat esse major, velo minor, quaquavcrsum.
persuaserunt sibi choc malum nonnunquam oriri a vitio retinarum ; veluti si solita punctu earum, scilicet in whicli the most violent convulsions os the muscies, and Ospecialty os inose of the eyes, take place; Whence, perhapS, the distortions and lacerations os them, and other irremedi- able eviis. 264. It somelimes accompanies certain diseases of theliead, especialty dropsy. Sometimes distortion os the eyesis brought on by great force applied to the head : sometimes, but very seldom, it has come on without any known cauSe. 265. This disorder) is os either or both eyes; the distortion of whieli may be greater or less in any direction. 266. There are persons Who have persuaded themSelves, that this disorder somelimes arises hom disorder of the retinae: lar instance, When their usual potnis, that is, their
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205similiter quod ad centra pO
torsio enim ibi erit, ne visus duplex fiat. Haee qUO-que videtur esse ratio quod eadem horrendum in modum augeatur, Cum Straborem Prope Oculum admovet, ut contempletur. Vel si centrum alterius aut utriusque retinae parum vel nihil sentiret, ut videret homo, necesse soret ut oculos Contorqueret: Sic, Verbi gratia, si nervus Opticus non Oblique oculum adiisset, sed
centrum retinae OCCUPaSSet, Omnes vel strabones fuissemus, vel duplicem habuissemus ViSum.
267. Sensum quendam molestissimum, quem Vertiginem vocamus, medicis placuit ad visum reserre, quamvis revera ad laetum, centra, et similiter posita quod od centro, non conSeutiunt : enim contorsio erit
Haec quoque videtur esse ratio quod eadem augeatur in horrendum morbum, cum strabo admovet rem prope oculum, ut contempletur. Vel si centrum alterius aut utriusque retinae sentiret
parum vel nihil, foret necesse, ut homo contorqueret oculos, ut videret: Sic, gTatia verbi, si opticus nervus non adiisset oculum oblique sed occupasset centrum reti- Noe, omnes fuissemus Strabones, vel habuissemus δε-plicem υiSum. 267. Plucvit medicis referre ad visum, quendam molestissimum Sensum, quem vocamus vertiginem, quamvis revera, reque pertineat centres, and paris similarly Siluated relatively to their centres, do not correspond. This appears to be the reason why this is increased in a frightsul manner, When a personwho squinis applies the object he is vlewing near the eye. or is the centre of the one or the other retina possessed litileor no sensibility, it would be necessary that a personi isted his eyes, in order to see; So, for example, is the Optienerve had not entered the eye obliquely, but had occupied the centre os the retina, we should ali have been subject tosquinting, or have had doubie vision. 267. Some medicat men have thought proper to reser iothe sense of sight, a certa in very troublegome Sensation,
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vel potius ad conscientiam, aeque pertineat; neque enim in tenebris, Deque clauSiSpalpebris, malum lagatur.
268. Vertigo vocatur malum, Siquando nosmetipSos et res vicinas, quamviS revera immotas, titubare, Cir-Cumserri, tremere, vel ullo modo moveri, videre aut sentire credimus. Si gravior eSi vertigo, neque Videre poteSt aeger, prae C
ligine velut oculis obducta, neque firmiter incedere aut Stare, quippe cui vires quae
artus regunt, deficiant. Vertiginem nausea Solet comitari, alteraque alteram in
269. Multorum et gra-Vium quorundam morborum Comes, et Signum, et
ligo ; vopteriae, epilosioe, ad tactum, vel potius ad
fugatur neque in tenebris, neque clausis palpebris.
268. Malum vocatur Nertigo, siquando credimus via dere aut sentire nosmetipsos et res vicinas, quamvis revera remotas, titubare,
circumferri aut tremere, vel moveri Hlo modo. Si ver tigo est gravi0r, aeger nequCpotest videre, prae culigine felut obducta oculis, nequc incedere aut stare Frmiter, quippe cui vires quae regunt artus, desciant. Nausea solet comitari vertiginem,
269. Vertigo observatur comes, et Siguum, etpΓαHuncia multorum et quorundam gravium morborum; scili
by darkness, nor by the palpebrae
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hysteriae, sanguinis profluvii e naribus vel aliis partibus, menSium SUPPreSSO-rum, magna corporiS Plenitudinis, febrium, tum quas debilitas, tum quas nuCtUS Caput Versus sanguinis impetuS, comitatur. Vis quo que capiti illata, raro quae ipsis oculis insertur vis, nisi quatenus totum caput am-ciat, vertiginem inducit. Ingens et subita sanguinis aliorumque humorum jactura, debilitas, syncope, varii morbi intestinorum, Ventriculi imprimis, venena multa in corpus admiSSa, narcotica praeSertim, OPium, et similia, et vinum, et omnis potuS meracior, Vertiginem inducere Solent. Vine p0plexy, epilepsy, hysteria, a discliarge os bicod hom thonDStritS, or Other paris, suppressed menSes, great fuit neSS of the body, severs, both such as are attended by great debili ty, and those attended with determination os bl00d tothe head. Also force applied to the head, whicli force is Seldom applied to the oye, excepi inasmuch as it assecis thehead generally, brings On vertigo. A great and sudden lossos blοod and other fluids, debility, syncope, variOHS diSeaseSof the intestines, especialty of the stomach, many pDiSonSadmitted into the b0dy, particularly narcotics ; sas optumand the like, wine, and every kind os Strong liquor, usually
40. Meracior literat ly means more pure, simple, unmixed or clean ; but as liis So commonly connected With viuum, it is here intended to imply sonae strong, uuinixeu, spirituOus liquor.
hysteris, prodiluvii sunguinis e naribus vel cerὰ aliis partibus, suppressorum mensium, magnae plenitudinis corporis, febrium, tum cearum 9 quos debilitas comitatur, tum cererum9 quas auctus impetus sanguinis versus
vis illata capiti, quoe vis raro infertur oculis ipsis, nisi quatenus ussciat totum caput, inducit vertiginem. Ingens et subita jactura sanguinis que aliorum humorum, debilitas, Syncve, farii morbi intestinorum, imprimis ventriculi, multa
venena admissu in corpus, praesertim narcotica, Opium, et similia, et vinum, et Omnis meracior ' potus solent
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obrietatis omnigenae SignUm. Varii quoque motuS innS- suetis hominibus vertiginem Creant: veluti rotatio capitis vel universi corporiS, jactatio maritima, praesertim si navis parva, et mare tu gidum, fuerint, et similia. In his et similibus exemplis, insoliti et inordinati
motus Sanguinis eXcitantur, et Cum partibus nervosis quae in capite SUnt Communicantur; vel hae per ConSenSum cum aliis partibus male assectae, SenSum ConfuSum, quasi rotationis, dant. 270. Quin et ex animo, Certa ratione affecto, veluti Conspectu rotationis rapidae,
vel praerupti aquarum lapSUS, vel praecipitii horrendi, vel etiam sine ullo visu a cogia inducere vertiginem. Hincc vertigo estθ signum Omnigenae ebrietatis. Quoque
cinθ hominibus inassuetis :veluti rotatio capitis vel universii corporis, maritima jactatio, praesertim si nauis fuerit parva, et mare ciuerito turgidum, et similia. In his et similibus eremplis, insoliti et inordinati motus
sanguinis ercitantur, et communicantur cum nervosis
τel hae male rejectae per consenSum cum aliis partibus, dant confusum senSum, quaSi rotationis. 27O. Quin vertigo aliquando oritur et eae animo, assecto certa ratione, veluti conspectu rapidae rotationis,
vel praerupti lapsus aquarum, vel horrendi praecipitii. Produce vertigo. Hence vertigo is a symptom os every vindos intoxication. Disserent motions produce vertigo in per-SOns unaccustomed to them ; as rotation os the head or body, toSSing upon the sea, especialty if the vesset M smali and the sea rough, and the like.-In this, as in other instanceS, unusual and irregular motions of the blood are excited, and communicate with the nervous paris in the head; or these
confused sensation, like rotation. 270. Besides, vertigo somelimes arises hom the mindbeing assected in a certain maniter ; as by the figlit os rapid
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tatione intensa et veloce, vertigo aliquando oritur. 271. Aliorum morborum plerumque Comes et Signum, nonnunquam tamen princeps vel Solus vertigo mo bus, per intervalla rediens, paulatim ingraveSCens, fune-tiones animi pariter atque corporis impedit et labefacit: neque firmissimum et vividissimum Ut ii ingenium tanto malo potuit resistere. vel etium sine ullo visu, ab intensa et veloce cogitatione. 271. Vertigo plerumque comes et signum aliorum
quum princeps et soluS morbus, rediens per intervalla, paululim ingravescens, im
iunctiones animi atque cor-p0ris : neque frin inimum et vividissimum ingenium Sisi' tia potuit resistere tanto
rotation, or a brohen wateriali, or frightsul precipice; οr evenwithout vision, hom intense rapid thought.271. Vertigo, the attendant and symptom os other dis- eases, and Sometimes the principat and Sole disease, recurring at intervais, and gradualty increa sing, equalty impedes and wears may the functions both of mind and body; norcould the very powersul and vigorous mind of Swist resist sogreat a disorder.
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CAP. X. - De sensibus qui dicuntur interni, memoria, imaginatione, judicio; eorumque varietatibus et viiiiS.
272. PRAETER jam de- Scriptos SenSus, Seu facultates, homo et alios possidet ; qui ideo interni vocantur, quod sine impulsu vel OPe externa suis fungantur muneribus; et organa quae iis maxime inserviunt, interna, abdita, externis rebus inacceSSa, propriis viribus
agant. 273. Perceptio re eXte na eXcitata, Sua natura fugax et peritura, brevi desinit : quod si eadem res O gano denuo admota fuerit, CAP. X.-De sensibus, qui dicuntur interni, sciliceto memorid, imaginatione, ju
bus et vitiis eorum. 272. PRAETER sensus et
facultates jam descriptos, homo possidet et alios : qui
ideo vocantur interni, quod fungantur suis muneribus sine impulsu vel ope eXter
terna, abdita et inaccessaeiternis rebus, cet9 ogunt propriis viribus. 273. Perceptio eaecitata essiterna re, iugo et periatura si h natura, desinit brevi: quod si eadem res
fuerit denuo admota organo, CHA P. X. ou the senses rehich are called internal; ris. memory, imagination, cando judgment, and ou their varieties and disorders. 272. Desides the senses and saculties hilherio describod, man possesses alSO Others, whicli are Called internat, becausethey perform their functions Without external impulse ora id ; and because the organs SubServient to them a re
internat, hidden, and inaccessibi e to external objecis, andaci by powers peculiar to them selves. 273. The perception excited by an external objeci, fugitive and perishable by iis nature, ceaSes in a ShoIt times but is the fame object be again applied to an organ, it not