Philodemus: On methods of inference: a study in ancient empiricism

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I. Stoic Logic

The Stoics solate three factor of the Syniboli relation in thei analysi os truth:

Diog. I aer. VII. 62 See E. De Lacy, Meanin an Methodolog in Hellenistic Philosophy, ' Philos. Rev. XLVII 1938), 390-409.

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158 PHILODEMUS ON METHOD O INFERENCE

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STOICS, EPICUREANS . AND SCEPTICA 159tion et veen Con Cepi and propOSition on the logical levet, an bet veen the part O an interrelate whole on the aeta- physica levet. The his in tres frona the termis thenaseives in the CategoriCal proposition an syllogignis of the Aristotelian logico the relation existin belween the terans and proposition expresse by the hypothetical proposition resulis in the recognition of the relation of OCOSSAr ConSOMUOnCO, vhicli allows for the inferen emnone propOSition fron another. y The definition o a sign a the propoSition in B Ound Condition vllicli is antecedent an reueat the conclusion ' involves firs of ali an analysis of the conditions for a soland hypothetica proposition. Such a proposition has Severat Crateria. ACCor In to the firS Critorion, the ni via Sound

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proposition. δ' The concitision the signifiei' is impliciti orpotentiali containe in the antecedent the Sign). hi a

as it is calle in the ternii nolog of the later Stoics the Signand thin signifie are so connecte that the contradiction fili ConCluSion, o the signified involve the contradiction of

This brie account of Stoic logic indicates that for tho Stolos

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ta in ty This e flati dentes. The fac uiat perspiration

x Sextus Irrh. Mp. B. 97-99 Cf. the Epicurean division, bove, 142 144.

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boci are by thei ver natur indicative of the out villiin. In the alter a se the relation is distincti a Causal ne thernovenient of the bod is the effecti the solii. The indicative

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The Stoices naintain further that the arguiment frona analogyis Mid ni in sociar ascit an be reduce to that o Contraposition. The Epicurean inference of the niortalit os allimen rorn the nortalit oscinen in oti experien C Ahouta be