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are perceived toaeco me tense an resilient When the finger are
4. I may surtherae observe in fishes, and the coider-blood edanimales, Such a DO S, SerpentS, SQ that the eari, hen it moves, ecomes O a Pater Colour, hen quiescent of a deeperblood-re colour. Fro these particular it appeare to me evident that themovement of the ear Consistit a certain univerSal tension both contraction in the line of iis fibres, an constrictio in eve sense. It be comes erect hard an os diminished sige durin iis action the movemen is pia in ly of the sanae natur a that of the muscies hen the contraci in the line of thei sine ius an clibres for the musCles, hen in action, acquire Vigour an ten SeneSS, an sto sost eco me hard prominent and thichenem in the Same manne the lictari. We are therefore authorige to Conclude that he heari, at themo mentis iis action, i at Once constricte on ali fides, renderedihicher in iis parietes an s malle in iis ventriCles, an so madeapto projec Or Xpet it charge of blood. his, in deed, is made sufficienti manifes by the precedin Murth observation in whicli, have seen that the eari, by queeging ut the loodit containsiecomes paler, and the when it sint scinio reposeanditie ventricle is fille ane with lood that the deeper crinason colour return S. But o ne nee remat in dotibi of the faci, forci the ventriclei pierce the bl ood illi seen tot forci blyprojected utwards Pon acti OVemen or pulsation heia thelieari is tenSO. These things, there re happen together or at the Same instant: the tensio of the eari, the pulse of iis apeX, hicli is fellexternalty b iis stri hin against the chest the thichen in os iis parietes, and the forcibi e Xpulsionis the blood it contains by the constrictionis iis ventricies. Henc the very OppoSite os the opinion Commoni received, appear to e rueri nasmuchis it is generali belleved that when the hear strikes the breas and the pulse is et witho ut, the heari is dilate in iis ventricles an is fille ruith blood; ut the contrar os his is the faci, and the heari, hen it Contracis
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and the hock is iven , is empti ecl. Whenc the movementwhicli is generali regarde a the diastole of the eari, is in truth it systole. An in like manne the intrinsi move mentis the heari is no the diastole but the systole either is it in thediastole that the hear grows firm and tense but in the systole,sor then only, he tense, is it move an made vigorous. Neither is it by an means to e allowed that he hear onlymoves in the line of iis traight fibres, although the reat salius, i ving thi notion Ount en ance, quotes a bundie foster bound in a pyramida hea in illustration mean in g, thatas the ape is approache to the base, orare the fides ad tobulge ut in the fashion o arches, the avities to dilate, the ventricles to acquire the form o a Cupping-glas andis to suci in the blood But the true effectis every one of iis fibres is loconstring the hear at the a me time that the rende it ense and this ather illi the effectis thichen in and ampli sying the walis an substance of the organ than enlargin it Ventricies. And again, a the fibre run rom therape X to the base, an dirawth apex toward the base the domo tendo malae the walis of the ear bulge ut in Circles, but ather the contrarn in as- much as ver fibre that is circulari disposed tendes o ecomestraight when it contracts an is distende laterali and thichened a in the case of muscula fibre in generat, henthe contraci, that is, heia the are hortene longitudinalty aswe se them in the bellies of the muscies of the od a large. T ali his et ille ad ded that no Oni are the Ventricle contracte in virtve of the directio an condensation of their alis, but further, that hos fibres, oriand S, style nerves by Aristolle, whicli are so conspicuous in the ventricle of the large animais, an contain ali the traight fibres, the parietes of the hear containing oni circular ones, When the contrac SimultaneouSty, by an admirabie adjustment ali the interna sursaces are drawn together, ascis illi cord s, an socis the Charge filo od expellecliuith sor C. Neither is it true a vulgari belleved that the ear by any dilatation or movementis it own has the power of drawing theblood in to the ventricles for hen it aci and ecomes en Se,
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of the ovements of Arteries, a seen in the Dissec
I connection illi the move ments of the hear these thingsare further tot observe havin referen ce to the OUO-ment an pulses of the arteries: 1. A the moment that the ear contracis, and whentheireast is structi, hen, in Shori, the organ is in iis state of systole, the arterie are dilated, iel a pulse, an are in thestate of diastole. In like manner, heia the right ventricle contracis an propellit Charge of lood, the pulmonar arteryis distende at the fame time illi the ther arteries of thebody. 2. When the est ventricle censes o Ct, o Contraci, O PUlSate, the pulse in the arteries also eases further, hen his Ventricle contracis languid ly the pulse in the arteries is Carcet PerCOP-tible. In like manner, the pulse in the right ventricle falling, the pulse in the pulmonar arter CeaSCS lSo. 3. Further, hen an arternis divide or punctured the loodis seen tot forcibi propelle froni the wound at the moment the est ventricle contracts and again, hen the Pulmonaryarter is o unded the lood ill e seen spiriin fortit illi violence at the instant when the right ventricte ContractS. S also in fishes, is the esset hicli ead Dom the ear toth gilis e divided, at the moment hen the ear hecomesten Seran Contracted at the fame moment oes the loo floruwith force fro in the divide vesSel. In the Same way, he we se the lood in arteriotomy projecte no to a reater, o to a les distance, and that the
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greater et correspondito the diastole of the arter an to the time hen the hear contracis an strikes the ribs, an is in iis State of systole, e understand that the blood is expelle by the
Fro these facts it is manifest, in opposition to commonlyreceived opinions that the diastole of the arteries Correspondswith the time of the eari' systole and that the arteries arefille an distended by the lood force into them by the contractio of the ventricles the arteries, there re are distended, hecause the are ille like fac o bladders, an are o filledbecause the eXpand like bellows It is in virtve fine and thesam Cause, there re that at the arteries of the od pulsate, vis. the Contractio of the est Ventricle in the fame a asthe pulmonar arter pul Sates by the Contractio of the right
Finalty that the pulses os the arteries are due to the impulses of the lood rom the lest ventricle, a be illustrate by blowin into a giove, hen the whole of the fingers ill e found obecome distende atine and the fame time, an in thei tensionto bear ome resemblance to the pulse For in the ratio of thetensio is the pulse of the eari, fuller Stronger, an more frequent a that acis more vigorou Sty, Stili preservin the rhythmand volume, an orcle of the heari' contractions. Nor is it tobe expected that ecause of the movement of the lood, theti me at whicli the contractio of the ear takes place, and thatat hicli the pulse in an artery especialty a distant ne is seli,shallae therwis than simultaneous it is here the fame a inhlowin uina glove or bladder for in a plenum as in atrum, a long piece of imber, α), the stroke and the movement occurrat both extremities a the a me time. Aristolle too, has aid, theblood o ali animal palpitates illiin thei Veins' mean in the arteries), and by the pulse is sent verywhere simultaneously.' An further, thus do ali the ein pulsate together an successive strolies, beCaus they ali dependispo the heari and , ascit is always in movement, O are the likewiSe tway moving
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together, ut by successive move ments. It is et to observe with Galen, in his place that the old philosopher calle the
Phappene upon o ne occasion to have a Particular Case underm care, hich plaint satisfie me of this truth in certain person a affecte with a large pulsatin tumou on the right fide os the neci , calle an an eurism, jus at that part where thearter descend into the axilla, produce by an erosio of the arter itself, and ait in creasin in si geri his tumour,as Vistblydistende ascit received the charge of bloo brought ioci by the artery, withiach strok of the heari the connectioni part was obvious hen theiod of the patient came to e pene aster his death. The pulse in the correspondin arm a S mali, in Con Sequence of the greater portio of the lood ein diverted into the tum ou and S intercepted. When Cecit appe ars that hereve the movement of the lood through the arteries is impeded, hether it e by Compressionor in farction, o interception there do the remote division os the arteries beat es forcibly seeing that the pulse of the arteries is nothin more than the impulse or hoc of the blood in these
the Mooement of the mari and iis Auricles, asseen in the Bodies of Living Animais.
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distinc in time an in place tw of hicli are prope to the auricles, w to the Ventricies With ali deferen C to such authori ty I say that there are Mur movemenis distinc in potnt of place, but noti timeri for the in auricles move together, and s also do the two ventricles, in such wis that though the placesbo our, the times are ni two And this occurs in the folio ining
tat in place SimultaneouSly but the movement of the auricles preceding that of the heari followin the movem erat appearingtote in rom the auricles an to extend to the ventricies. Whenali hings areiecomin languid, and the ear is ying, as also in isties and the coide bloo de animais, there is a Shor pauSe
auricles have been sal to ullive it, the est ventricle easin topulsate firs of ali then iis auricle, nex the right ventricle an d, finalty at the ther paris ein at res an dead assalen long Since observed the right auricle stili continues o beatu i , theres re appear to linge longest in the right auricle. Whilst the hear is gradu atly dying, it is Sometime Seen to resely, after two or three contractions of the auricles, oused a it ere toaction, an mal in a Single pulsation, lo ly unWillingly, and with an effort. But his speciali is to e noted that aster the ear has Ceased to beat, the auricles howeve stili contracting, a fingerplacedipo the Ventricles perceives the severa pulsations of the
we haVe aid that the pulses of the ventricles are fel in the arteries, to wit, the distensio produced by the et o blood Andi at this time, the auricles alone pulsating the potnt of the heart
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be ut o with a pat os scissors, ou ill perceive the lood flowing ut pon acti contractio of the auricles. When cecit is manifes that the blood enter the ventricles, o by an attractioni dilatationis the heari buti being thrown in to them by the pulses of the auricleS. An here Ibould observe, that lieneve I speat os pulsations as occurring in the auricle or Uentricles, I mea Contractions firs the auricles contrare, and the an Subsequently theliear itfel contractS. When the auricles Contraci the are Seento become litter, especiali where the contain ut litile bl ood but the are fille a magagines o resevoirs of the bl ood, hi his tendin Spontaneousty and by it movement in the eins, Under pressure toward the Centre the whitenes indicate is most conspicuous to ard the Xtremities o edges of the auricles atthe time of thei Contraction S.
In fishes and Dogs, and the animais hicli ave hearis illibut a single Ventricte, an for an auricle have a k in o bladdermuch distende with blood, at the base of the organ, Ou may very plaint perceive this bladde contractingi rst, and the On- tractio of the heari or ventrici sol lowin alter ardS. Butes thini it right to describe hat have observe os an opposite character the ear of an ei, o Severat Shes, an deven o sonae of the igher animal taken ut of the ody,
pulsates ithout auricles nay, is it e ut in pie es the severat paris a Stili e Seen Contractin and relaxin so that in these creature theiod of the hear may be See pulsatin and palpitatin g, after the Cessationi ali movement in the auricle Butis no this perchanc peculia to animal more tenaCious o lise, whos radica moisture is more glutinous, o sat an SluggiSh, and les readit solutiles The fame faculi incleed appear in the flesti os eis, hicli even hen hinne an embowelled, and cut into pleces, are Stili Seen O OVO. EXperimentin with a pigeon pon one occasion, after thelieari ad holly ceased to pulsate, and the auricles too ad heco me motion less, I epi in finger etted illi saliva and warm for a hori time pon the heari, an observed that under the influence of this fomentation it recovere ne strength and
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ii se so that both ventricles an auricles pulsated Contra tingan relaκin alternately, recalle ascit were Domi eath to lise. Besides this, however, I have occasionali observed, after theliear an even iis right auricle ad eased pulsating-when itwas in articulo morti in hort-that an ObScure OUement, an
undulation or palpitation re maine in the blood itself, which was containe in the right auricle, his bein apparent so longos twas imbued illi eat an spirit. An in deed a Circumstance of the fame in is Xtrem et manifes in the ourse of the generationi animais, as may be Seen in the ourse of the rstseve Jays of the incubatio of the chich: A dro of lood mallescit appenrance hicli palpitates, as Aristotis ad atready observe Dom his, hen the growth is further ad vance and the chicli is fasitioned the auricles of the ear are formed, whicli pulsatin hence sortii give constant signes of life whena tength, and after the lapse os a se days the ouiline of thebod begins orae distinguished then is the ventricular par of the hear also produces; ut it continues for a time litte and apparenti bloodless, like the res of the animal; et ther cloes it pulSate or give Signs of moVement. I have seen a Simila conditio of the hear in the human laetus about the beginning of thethir monili, the heartaeing the whitisti an bloodless, althoughit auricles Containe a Considerable quantit os purple lood. In the fame way in the egg, hen the hic was formed an had increased in sige, the hear to increased an acquire Ventricles, whicli then e an to receive an to transmit lood. An this ead me to remari , that he who inquire Ver Particulari into his matter illis ot conclude that he heari RS awhole, is the frimum vivens, ultimum morienS-the firS part olive the last to die but ather iis auricles, o the part hicli Corresponds to the auricles in serpents fishes, c, hich both lives besore the hear an dies after it. Nay, has no the bloo itfel o spirit an obscure palpitation inherent incit, hicli it has even appeare to me to retain asterdeati, anxit Aeetias ver question able hether Or notis areto a that lise egitis illi the palpitation or beatin os thelieart. The semina fluid o ali animais-the prolisi spirit, as
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Aristolle observed, leaves heir od with a bound and like aliving thing an natur in death, as Aristotis further rem artis, retracin her Steps, revert to here he had Se out an return sat the en of her Course to the goa whence he had started. As animal generation proceed Do that hicli is no animal, entit sto nonentity, O by a retrograde OurSe entity bycorruption is resolve into non entity when e that in animais,
But in the pale-bloode tribes the ear pulsates luggishlyan deliberalely, Contracting Slowl as in animal that remoribund a fac that a readit he Seen in the nati, hoselieari 1ll be mund a the bottona o that orifice in the right sideo theiod whicli is seen to be pene and hut in the ourseo respiration, and whence salivacis disharged the incision eingmade in the upper Spect of the ody, ea the part hicli Correspond with the liver. This, however, is to e observex that in inter and the
no pulsations the seem ather o live aster the anne os vegetabies, or Os hos other productions hicli are there redesignate plant-animalS.It is also to e note that ali animais hicli ave a heari, have also auricleS, O SOmeth in analogous to auricles and further, that hereve theraear has a doubie ventricle there areat way two auricles present, but not therwise. Dyo turn to the productio of the chicli in ovo, however, ou ill in at
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frs no more than a Vesicle or auricle, o pulsat in dro os blood ii sint by and by when the devel opinent has madeso me progress that the ear is ashionem eve so in certain animal no destine to attain to the highest perfectio in their organigation, Such RS beeS, ASPS, nailS, lirim PS, Craysi Sh sci, we in oni a certa in pulsatin vesicle, like a sor o re orwhite palpitatin potnt, a the eginning or principi of their lila.we have a mali stirim in thes countries, hicli is alien in the Thames an in the ea, the whole of hos hod is trans- parent this creature, place in a litile ater has frequently afforded mysei and particula Diencis an opportunit os observing the move ments of the eari illi the greates distinciness, theexterna paris of theiod present in no Obstacte totur View, but
have also observe the firs rudiments of the hic in thecourse of the Murthis fifth da of the incubation, in the guiseos a litile cloud the hel havin been remove and the oggimmerse in clear tepid water. In the micis of the cloudiet inquestion there a a blood potnt so mali that it disappeared during the contractio an escaped the figlit but in the relaxation it reappeare again re and like the oin os a pin so thathetwix the visibi and invisibi e betwix bein and o being, as it were, it gave by iis pulses a in os representation os the
FROΜ these an other observations of a Simila nature, Ιam persuade it illae Mund that the movement of thelieari is as follows Firs of ali, the auricle contracis, an in the Course fit contractio forces the lood, whicli it contains in ample