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The Aod passes through the Substance of the Lungs rom the Right Ventricis of the ear into the Pu monary Veias and mi Ventricie.
'HAT his is possibie, and that there is nothinito pre-vent ii rom ein so, appear when e reflectin theway in hicli ater permeatin the arti produces spring and rivuletS, or hen e speculate on themeans by hicli the weat paSSe through the si in or the urinethrough the substance of the idneys. It is eli nown that persons ho Se the fa waters, or hos of La Madonna, in the territories of Padua, or ther of an acidulous orbitriolated nature, or lio Simply S alio drin ks by the gallon passint offagain illi in an oti or two by the bl adder Such a quantityos liquid must tali sonae hori time in the concoctio : it mustpas through the liver it is allowed by al that the uices of the
an is compared illi the idneys are absolutet Spongy. In the live there is no forcing, no impelling owerri in the lungsthe lood is orce o by the pulse of the right ventricte, thenecessar effectis hos impulse is the distensio of the esseis
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and ores of the lungs. An then the lungs, in respiration, are perpetuali risin an falli nil movemenis, the effect of which
seen to e dilate or constricted. Lastly i no ne dentes the possibilit of the whole of the ingested uices passin throughthe liver in man, OXen, and the large animal S generalty in orderio reach the Vena CaUa, sor his reason, that i nourishment is tocontinue these uice must need get in to the eins, and thereis no the way but the ne indicated, hy should no the fame
argumentsi held of avail for the passage of the blood in adulis through the lungit hy no maintain, illi Columbus, that si illa an learne Anatomist, that it must e so rom the
authori ty, et them earn that the truth Pam contendin se canbe confirme Dor Valen ' own ords, amely that O Onlymay the bl ood e transmitte seo in the pulmonar arter into the pulmonar ve ins then in to the est ventricle of the eari, an fro then cecinio the arteries of the ody, ut that this is effecte by the eas eles pulsation of the ear and the move ment of the lungs in breat hing. There re, RS CVeryone nows, three Sigmoid O semitu narvalves siluate at the orifice of the pulmonar artery, hicli effectu alty prevent the bl ood sent in to the esset rom returning in to the cavit of the eart. No Valen, explaining the Seso these valves, and the necessit for them, employ the followin language: There is verywhere a mutua an a Stomosis and
De Usu partium, lib. i. Cap. IO.
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inosculation os the arteries illi the eins, and the severat lytransmit both lood an spirit, by certain invisibi an un- doubtedi ver narro passages. No is the mouili os the pulmonar artery ad Stood in like manne continuali open, and Natureia Mundi contrivancessor clos iniit,hen requisite, an open in i again, it ould have been impossibi that theblood could eve have passed by the invisibi and delicate mouilis, during the contractions of the thoraX, into the arteries allthings are not alii e readit attracte or repelled but that whichis light is more readit drawn in the instrument ein dilated, an forcedis ut again hen it is contracted than that hicli is heavn an in like manne is anythingi rawn more rapidinalongan ample Conduit, and again rive sortii, than it is through a
narrow iube. ut heia the thoracis Contracted, the pulmonaryve in f, hicli are in the lungs, bella drive inWard ly, and 3 er- fully Compresse on Uer Side, immediatet force ut sonae Ofthe spirit the contain, an at the Same time assume a Certain portion o blood by thos subile ouilis a thing that could neUer Comerio pass,ere the loca at liberi to flo back into the hear through the great orifice of the pulmonary artery Butit retur through his great open inglein prevented, hemit is ComPreSSed on very Side, a certain portionis it distit in t thepulmonar veins by the minute orifices mentioned. And shortly after ards, in the ver neX Chapter, he says The more thethora contracis, the more it strives t force ut the lood, themore Xacti do these membranes vis. the semitu nar alves)clos up the mouth of the esset, an suffer nothin to regurgitate. The fame factis has also allude to in a precedin parto the tentii chapter sere theremo valves, a three-kl inconvenien Ce ould result so that the bloo would the perform this
tengthene Course in vaim; it ould o inruard during the diastoles of the lungs, an fili ali thei arteries; ut in the
systoles, in the anne of the lide, it would eve and non liketh Enrisus, o backward an for ard by the Same Way, with a reciprocating move ment, Whicli ould nowise suit the blood. ThiS, hoWever, may Seem a matter os litile momentu ut is it meanti me appea that the unctio of respiration suffer, then I
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ili Ose Supplementar membranes. Whence in the eleventhchapter, he concludes That they the valves have ali a commonii se, and that it icto prevent regurgitation or backwar move-ment; ach, OweVer, haUin a prope function, the ne et drawin matters rom the heari, an preventing thei return, theother drawin matters in to the heari, and preventing thei esca pes rom it. Formature neve intende to distres the eari illi needies labo ur, either o bring augh in to the organ whicli ith ad been belle to have ept way, nor o tali Dom it againaught hicli it a requisite hould e brought. Since then, there are Mur oritae in ali two in ither ventricte, ne of these induces, the ther educes. An again he say Further, incethere is ne esset, hicli Consi St os a Simple Overing m- plante in the eari, an another, hicli is ouble, Xtendingsrom it, sialencis here speat in os the right fide of the eari, but I Xten his observation to the est fide also, a kin ofreservotria tot provided, o hichioth belonging the blood should e draut in by one an emitte by the ther.'Thi argument Valen adduces for the transit of the lood by
the right ventricle ro the vena cava into the lungs ut e cara fecit illi stili greater proprie ty, meret Chan ging the termS,sor the passage of the bl ood rom the ein through the hear into the arteries. Frona alen, ho ever, that great man that Father of hysic, it clearly appears that the lood passes through thel ungs Dor the pulmonar arter into the minute branches of the pulmonar Velias, urge to this both by the pulses of theliear an by the move ments of the lungs and thorax that thelieari, moreOVer, S incessanti receivin an expelling the lood by and rom it ventricles, as Domin Agagine Ormi Stern and Orthis on icit is furnishe with our et of valves. two Servin sortii inductio and w so the eductior of the blood, est, like the Eurisus it shouldie incommodi ou si sent hi the and thither, orflo bach in to the cavit whicli it Sliould have qui ited orquit the
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Part where iis presen Ce a required, and so the hear might be oppressed illi labour in Vain, and the ossice of the lungs e intersered illi. Finalty our position that the lood is continuali permeatin stom the right to the est ventricte Dona the Vena cava into the orta, through the oro us structure of the lungS. plaint appears rom his that since the lood is inces sanit sent sto the right ventricle into the lungs by the pulmonar artery, and in like manne is incessanti drawn Domthe lungs into the est ventricle, as appears rom hat recedes and the position of the valves, it canno do therwis than passthrough Continuously. An then, a the lood is incessantly flowin into the right ventricle of the eari, and is continuallypassed ut rom the est, as appear in like manner, an a is obvious both to sense an reason, it is impossibi that the blood can do therwis than pas continuali frona the vena cava into
Dissectio consequently hows distincti What ahes place in the majorit os animais, an incleed in all, up to the perio ofthei maturity and that the fame hin occurs in adult isequatly certa in both DomGaDUS Worcis, and what has atready been aid, ni that in the forme the transit is effecte by open an obvious passages, in the alte by the id de porosilies of the lungs and the minute in osculations of Vesseis It there reappear that, although one ventricle of the heari, the est to ii, would suffice so the distribution of the blood ver theiody, andit eductio Dona the vena cava, as indeed is done in those
ordaine that the fame lood ho ut also percolate the lungs,sa hersei oblige to ad the right ventricte, the pulse of hichshould force the lood Do the vena cava through the lungs in to the cavi ty of the est ventricie. In this way, it a b said that the right ventricle is made so the salie of the lungs, and for the transmissior of the lood through them, o for their nutrition for it ere nreason able o suppos that the lungs
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should require so much more copious a suppi os nutriment, and that of so much pure an more Spirituous a nature a Comingimmediately Do the ventricle of the heari, than either theirain With it peculiari pure substance, o the eyes illi thei luStroUS and trul admirabie structure, o the flesti of the ear itSeis, whicli is more uitabi nourished by the coronar artery.
irom the Vein to the Arteries and of the Circular Movement of the Aod. TUUS have pol en of the passage of the lood
become a Secon nature. Doctrine once Sown strii es deepi iis rOOt, an respect for antiquit influences ali men Still the diei cast, and y trust is in m love os truth, and the candour of cultivate minds. An sooth o say, henes SurVeye my maSSo evidenCe, hether derive Dom vivisections and y VariouS reflections o them, o Do the stud of the ventricies of theliear and the esset that enter into an issu Do them, the Symmetry an Sige of these condulis, sor Nature cloin nothingi vain, ould neve have give them so large a relative Sigewithout a Purpose,-or fro observin the arrangement and intimate structure of the valve in particular, and of the ther
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paris of the ear in generat, illi many things esides I frequently and seriously bethought me and longaevolved in my minii, what might e the quantity o bloo whicli a transmitted in how shordia time iis passage might he essected, and the like Butno findin it possibi that this could e supplied by the uices
of the ingeste aliment,ithout the e in o the ne an be- comin drained, and the arteries On the ther geliin ruptured through the excessive charge of lood, unies the lood hould somelio finxit way Do the arteries in to the eins, an soreturn to the right fide of the heari Ι egan to thin k hether
the arteries, was distribute to the bod a large, an iis severat paris, in the Same manne ascit is sent through the lungs, impelle by the right ventricle in to the pulmonary artery, and thati then passe through the ein an along the Vena Cava, and SOround to the est ventricle in the anne atready indicated. his movement, may be allowe to ali circular in the fame wayas Aristotis says that themi and the ain emulate the circular movement of the superior hodies for the mois earth, armed by the sun evaporates 'he RPOur drnwn Upward are Condensed, and descend in in the formos ain, moisten the arthagain. y this arran gement are generations os living thin sproduce an in like manne are tempest an meteor en gendered by the circula move ment, and by the approach an receS-sion of the Sun.
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i might e said illi balsam Thenc it is again dispersed. At this depend o the movement an actio of the heart. The eari, consequently is the eginningis life the Sunis the Microcosm, even a the u in his turn might et bedesignate the hear of the worix for it is the hear by hos evirtve an pulse the lood is moved, perfected, and maden utrient, an i preServe Dom corruptio an coagulation cit is the househol divinitWwhicli, discli argin iis function, OuriSheS, cherishes, quiCkens the wholeiody, and is in deed the Mundationos life the ource of ali actiora. ut of thes things e Shali speat more opportunely he we Ome o speculate pon the finalcause of this movement of the heart. Hen Ce in C the ein are the conduit an vesset that transpor the lood, thenare of two indes the cava and the orta and this no by reason of there being two sides of the ody, as Aristolle hascit, ut ecause of the differen ei office, not, as Scommonly aid in ConsequenCe of an diversit os structure forin many animal S, SQ have aid the vel does no differ romthe arter in the thichnes of iis alis, ut solet in virtve of thei distinc functions and ses A vei and an artery both style vein by the ancients and that o without reason, assiale has remari ed for the arternis the esset hicli carries
the lood Doni the ear to theiod a large, the vel of the present a bringin it ac Do the genera system to thelieari the forme is the conduit rom, the alter the channe io, the heari the alter Contain the cruder, esset blood, renderedun fit sor nutrition the forme transmit the digested persect, peculiarly nutritive fluid.
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That here is a Circulation in the Aod is Co=as m dirom the Pirs Proposition.
Only, and mali mere speciouS Ssertions ithout ny undation, an destre to innovate ithout sussicient cause three poliat present themSelves sor Confirmation
whichiein stated I conceive that the truthes conten for illsollo necessari ly, and appear a a thin obvious to ali. First, the blood is incessanti transmitte by the actioni the heartho the vena avario the arteries in suci quantity that it cannot be supplied rom the ingesta, an in suci a manne that thewhole must very qui chly pas through the organ Second,-thebloo unde the influence of the arteria pulse enter an is impelle in a continuous equabie, an incessant stream througheVer par an member of the ody, in muCh large quantitythan were sussicient for nutrition or than the whole massis fluid scould supply Third,-theveins in like manne retur this biood incessanti to the ear fro paris an member of the ody. These potnis proveo, conceive it ill e manifes that thebl ood circulates, revolves, propelle and then returning Dom theliear to the extremities, fro the extremities to the heari, and thus that it persorm a kin os circula movement. I et u assume either arbitrarii or Dom experiment, thequantit os loo whicli the est ventricle of the ear wili contain heia distended, to e Sant O unCOS, three UnCOS, O Oneounce an a hali in the dea bod I have found it to oldup ard of twO Ounces Letis assume further, ho much lessthe ear ruit hol in the contracte than in the dilate state; and o much loo it ill project into the orta pon acti ContraCtion an ali the wori allows that illi the systole Somethin is always projected a necessarWCOnSequenCC Omonstrate in the thir chapter, an obvious fro the structure f
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the alves an let u suppos as approachin the truth that the Murth, o fifth, o siXth, or even ut the eighth partis iis charge i thrown in to the arter a each contraction 'his ouldgive either hal an Ounce, o three drachms, or ne drachm fhlood a propelle by the ear at ach pulse into the orta whicli quantity by reason of the valves a the oot of the esset,ca by no means retur in to the Ventricie. No in the CourSeo hals an hour, the heari,illi ave ad more than ne thousand
Multiplying the number of drachm propelle by the numbero pulses, we hal have either ne thous and hal ounces, or ne thousan times three drachms, o a like proportiona quantityofilood accordin to the amount whicli, assume a propelled with ach strok of the eari, sent Domihis organ in to the artery large quantit in very case than is containe in thewhole od In the ain way, in the hee o dog, a that but a single scrupte of blood passes,ithiach stroke of the heari, in ne hal hour,e hould have ne thousan scruples, O abolit three ound an a hal of lood injecte into themoriari ut theiody fieither animal contain above Mur ound Ofilood, a fac whiches have myset ascertaine in the case of the heeP.
Upon this Supposition there fore, assume meret RS a ground sor reaSOning, e eo the whole mas of lood passin throughthe eari, rom the ein to the arteries, an in like mann er
hOur, ut in an hour, or even in Ddan an way it is stili manifes that more bl ood passes through the hear in ConsequenCe sit action, than an ei ther e supplied by the whole of the ingeSta, or than an e Containe in the Vein at the Same mo