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MAHUN , S. and L. MAI UNΚΑ-ΡΑΡΡThe authorS had the opportunity for years to study the Oribalid Species described by Berlese currently deposited in the Ιstituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria at Florence. The resulis of this series of studies are summariZed in thiS Volume. The Volume begins with an eSSay-like Introduction heaVily re-lying on Subjective opinionS diScuSSing the generat questions of Oribaiology. The following section lisis Berlese's Species placed in the modern System helping the specialisis with morphological notes and many dra ingS: here also the condition of the specimensis discussed and lectotypeS are deSignated. The third, large Section is the catalogue proper, Wherein ali the species are listed in the systematic order together with their combination and Synonymic names. Here one may find ali the literature data, u Sual ly mi SSing Dona ordinary WorkS, with reference to De- Scription and Taxonomy, Distribution, with special emphasis onCatalogues whoSe referenceS are partly unreliable. Where it was deemed necessary further information are added under the headingos RemarkS. The volume closes with a very detailed list os lit
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ACTA ZOOLOGICA ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM HUNGARICAE
Submissiora os a paper impli es that it has not been publis heu previ ous ly, that is not under consideration for publication et se here, and that is accepted for the Acta Zoologica Hungarica, theauthors will transfer copyright to the Hungari an Academy of Sciencesithe Hungarian Natural History Museum as is cuStomary. Articles and illustrations hecome the property of the HASIHNHM. Papers must be in English with Britisti spei ling. and be Original contributions in the Geld of animal taXOnomy, SyStematicS, ZOOgeography and ecology. Ali manu scripis must be submitted to oneos the editors seditor, assi Stant editor). Entire manu scripis must be submitted on IBM compati bie inoppy disk and in duplicate printed copies and the author should retain a copy. In the case of multiple authors, the correspondingauthor should be indicated. Series of numbered papers will not be considered. Manu scripis must be printed with doubie spacing including the reference list). and with wide margins 3 35 min) on the lest si de of the paper Only. Authors are requested to keep their communications as concise as possibie. Footnotes should be avoided or minimiZed, and italics should not be used for emphasis. A running head of not more than 30 letters should be supplied. The manuscript should contain the following information Titie should be followed by the name and ill addi ess of the author s). Where possibie, the faxandIor e-mail number of the corresponding author Should be supplied with the manu script for use
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Resulis should be presented concisely. Only in exceptionat cases will it he permissibi e to present the sanae set of resulis in both table and a figure. The resulis section should not be used for dis
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References to papers Vin press ' must mean that the article has been accepted for publication. Resere races to 'personat communications ' and unpubiis hed work are permitted in the texi only renere iaces to papers in preparation Or Submitted are not permissi ble. Ali necessary illustrations s hould accompany the manu scripi, but should not he inserted in thetext. Ali photographs, graph S and diagrams should be numbered consecuti vely in Arabic numerat sin the order in whicli they are referred to in the text. Glossy photographs or positive prinis Shouldhe sent uia mounted whereuer possibie and should he kept to a minimum. Figures should be of good quali ty. Explanation os lettering and Symbolf Should be gi ven in the figure caption and only exceptionalty in the figures. Leitering and symbols to appear on the illustration should be of suffiicient si Ze to allow sor considerable reduction where necessary usualty pro per for a 50R reduction in si Ze). Scales must be indicated on micrographs, not by magnifications in the legends. Figure si Zemust not exceed 24κ30 cm. On the back of each illustration should be indicated the author's nanae. the figure number sin Arabic numerat s), and the top of the illustration, where this is not clear. Half-tones silould be included only when they are essentiat. Detatis and quotation Os publication os colour plates should he made to the editors. The sol lowing symbolf should be used on line drawing
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The Latin names silould he gi ven for ali species used in the investigation, although taxonomicas filiation and aut hori ty need not be provided in the titie. Page prooss will be sent to the author sor the sirst- mentioned author in a paper of multiple auth ors hip) sor checking. Corrections to the proosis must be restricted to printers' errors. Any Substantialalterations other than these may be charged to the author. Authors are particularly requested to re- turn their corrected proola as quickly as possibi e in order to facilitate rapid publication. Please note that aut hors are urged to check their proola cares ut ly besore return, Since late correctionS cannot beguai anteed sor inclusion in the printed journal. Fisty re prinis free of charge will be sent to the sit si aut hor: extra copi es of the issue sat a specialty reduced rate) can be ordered on the forna which will accompany the prooss. These should bereturneis to The Editorial office of the Acta Zoologica . Hungarian Natural History Museum. Buda-pest. BarOSs u. t 3, H-l088. HungaryThe page charge required frona authors ouisi de Hungary is US D tb per printed page. In exceptionat cases, the page charge may be waived. Please contaci the editor in before submitting a paperis you ask for a waiver. Authors of papers exceed ing l6 printed pages are asked to pay USD 40 sorHUF equivalent) for each Such page. i. e. ali cosis os publication irrespective of their nationali ty).FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEA SE CONTACT US
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HUNGARI AN NATURAL HISTORY MUS EUM, BU DAPEST
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ACTA ZOOLOGICA ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM HUNGARICAE
AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFANIMAL TAXONOMY AND ECOLOGYActia Mologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae is publis hed quarterly DomFebruary l 994 sother issues in May, August and November) by the Hungarian Natural History Museum and the Biological Section of the Hungarian Acade myos Sciences with the financiat support of the Hungari an Academy of Sciences.
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Acta Mologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungiariciae 42 3). m. J63-IN. I996EDGE EFFECI S IN TROPICA L VERSUS TEMPERATE FOREST BIRD COMMUNITIES THREE ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES FOR THEEXPLANATION OF DIFFERENCES
Animal Mology Research Gro of the Hungarian Academ' of MienceS, Hungarian Natural HiSIDry MuSeum, H J088 Bu Pest, Bar S u. IJ, Hurigavd he forest edge is the outermost heit os a relatively homogeneous wOOded area. The presen-ce and abundance of animais usualty differ belween edge and interior habitats. Both temperate and tropical Zone forest bird communities have been shown to be affected by edges. HoweVer. the response Os bird communities differs in the two Zones: diversity and densityusualty increase in temperate forest eclges, but decline in tropical edges. I propose three alternative hypotheses to explain the observed differences. Hypothesis i considers the spatiat patiern of the vegetation in Europe and Amagonia, and proposes that patiern in Europe is natural ly more patchy, and lience contains more edges. Hypothesis 2 states that changes in vegetation patiern during glaciation were more pronounced in Europe than in AmaZonia, resul-ting in more heterogeneous and patchy vegetation. I discuss this hypothesis in the light of recent views that argue that AmaZonia was much more dynamic than previously belleved. Hypothesis 3 suggesis that human disturbances during historical times may also account foredge creation. The three processes underi ying the hypotheses together created a more fragmented landscape in Europe, and temperate ZOne forest hird communities are adapted to this habitat. whereas those in the tropics do not tolerate fragmentation and edge creation. Key wOrds tropical Versus temperate forest edges, bird communities, spatiat and temporalvariations, human activi ty
ween the structure os tropical and temperate bird communities remains a keyis sue in avian ecology se. g. THIOLLAY l 990). since not only the number of species but other characteristic s of the communities are also different se. g. number of guilds, body siZes within guit d). However. there are no clear explanations for the differences, and severat conventional ideas have recently been challen ged. For ex ample, it was widely accepted that furvivat rates of adult birds are higherin the humid tropics than in temperate areas. but in a delailed comparison KARR
wides pread conviction that the structural qualities of the habitat alone may ac-
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count for the large diversi ty of tropical rain foresis cannot be supported. Other factors, like refources and competitors, shOuid uiso be taken into account. Regarding the large differen ces between tropical and temperate eCOSystems, it is not surprising that bird community ecologi sis have mund significantly different responses of forest bird communities to habitat edges in the two Zones. Due tothe difficulties in censu sing birds in tropical rain foresis se. g. up to 500 species On Se Veral kmy unknown Vocati sation), the edge effect in this habitat has been described only in the last few years TER BORGH et ah l 990. THIOLLAY l 994). In the present paper I propose three hypotheses to explain the different enfecis of habitat edge on bird communities in the forests of the temperate and the tropical Zones. These hypotheses consider differences in si) the spatiat patieria ofvegetation. 2) the temporal dynamics of Vegetation patierias during glaciation and 3) human disturbunces.
EDGE EFFECI S IN TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL FOREST S
The distribution os organis iras usual ly differs belween elige and interior habitats. This is the so-called edge effeci. Note that there are severat different definitions in the literature.) The phenomenon was ali eady known by the begin- ning of this century. and during the last few decades many papers have been publis hed on this topic. However these papers almost exclusive ly dealt with temperate Zone forests ROS ENHERC & RAPHAEL l 986. MURCI A l99β). A forest elige is the outermost belt of the forest where the microclimate and vegetation is markedly different frona that in interior forest habitats. In this study. I wili focus
On Sharp edges, where a forest j Oin S to a clear-cut area Or agricultural lanii. The differences between edge and interior bird communities in the temperate Zone have been Shown in severat habitalso deciduous foresis se. g. FRO
mal communities responit to forest edges rema in uni esolved se. g. REESE LRATTl l 988. MURCI A l 995). Conventionat wisdom suggesis that edges are beneficiat for wil illis e. hut more recent studies anil ideas have not always con
conseque iace of impo Veris hed edges. All three resulis originaled frona Scandi navia. The confusion aboul how communi ty structure paramelei S change acrOSSedges is not sui prising for even the distribution of individual species may vary. For ex ample . the Robin ErithiacuS rubeculia), a S mali, temperate Zone paSSerine
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EDGE EFFECT IN TROPICAL VERSUS TEMPERATE BIRD COMMUNITIES
Tubie 1. Some examples of the edge essect on hird communities in the temperate Zone s Europe). Edge: edge preferring Species: Int. interior preferring species: No essecto Species occurring irrespectively of edges. The cited studies applied disserent census methods, whicli resulted in different species numbers. The Sthidy by MOSKλT & FUISZ sl 994) was carried out in oah forests with and without busti layer Habitat
Coniserotis forest - clear-cut area
EDGE ---- lNTERlOR ποπαγFig. 1. Scheme of the disserent effecis os forest elige on the structure of hird communities in the temperate and tropical Zones