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pervenit fama, diripi Eburones atque ultro omne ad 5 Praedam evocari. Cogunt equitum duo milia Sugambri, qui sunt proximi Rheno a quibus receptos e fuga Tencteros atque Usipetes Supra docuimus. TranSeunt Rhenum navibus ratibusque triginta milibus passuum infra eum locum, ubi pons erat perfectus praesidiumque a Caesare relictum primos Eburonum fines adeunt; multos e fuga disperso CXcipiunt, magno Pecoris numero, Cuius sunt cupidiSSimi barbari potiuntur. Invi
tati praeda longius procedunt. Non hos palus in bello
latrociniisque natos, non SilVae morantur. Ouibus in locis sit Caesar, e Captivis quaerunt profectum longius reperiunt omnemque 'Nercitum diSCOSSiSSe cognoSCunt. Atque unus X captivis, ' quid vos,' inquit, 'hanc miseram ac tenuem sectamini praedam, quibus licet iam esse sortunatissimi. Tribus horis Aduatucam venire O- testis: hu omnes suas fortuna exercitu Romanorum contulit praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingipoSSit, neque quisquam egredi X tra munitione audeat.'io Oblata spe Germani, quam nacti erant Praedam, in occulto relinquunt; ipsi Aduatucam contendunt usi eodem duce, Cuius haec indicio CognoUerant. 36 Cicero, qui omne superiore dies Praecepti CaeSari Do whichcum Summa diligentia milites in castris continuisse ac j I' R
ne calonem quidem quemquam X tra munitionem egredi me out tos RSSus SSet, septimo die diffidens de numero dierum' 'g' Caesarem fidem Sematurum, quod longiu ProgreSSum audiebat, neque ulla de reditu eius fama asserebatur,
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simul torum permotus vocibus, qui illius patientiam
paene ObSeSSionem appellabant, siquidem iκ CastriSegredi non liceret, nullum eiusmodi casum XSPectanS,
quo noVem oppositis legionibus maximoque equitatu dispersis ac paene deletis hostibus in milibus passuum tribus offendi posset, quinque Cohortes frumentatum in
ProXimas segete mittit quas inter et Castra unus omnino
collis intererat. Complures erant ei legionibus aegri 3
relicti e quibus qui O spatio dierum OnValuerRnt, circiter CCC, sub VeXillo una mittuntur; magna praeterea multitudo Calonum, magna vi. iumentorum, quae cincastris SubSederant, RCta Potestate equitur. Panie in Hoc ipSo tempore et casu Germani equites interveniunt 37 ς' p protinusque eodem illo, quo venerant, Cursu ab deCumana porta in CaStra irrumpere Onantur, nec prius Sunt ViSi a obiectis ab ea parte Silvis, quam CaStri appropinquarent, usque eo ut, qui Sub vallo tenderent mercatoreS, recipiendi sui facultatem non haberent. Inopinantes noStri . re noU Perturbantur, ac Ui primum impetum cohors in statione sustinet Circumfunduntur ex reliquis hoStes partibus, Si quem aditum reperire poSSent. Aegre Porta 5 nostri tuentur, reliquos aditus locus ipse per se munitioque defendit Totis trepidatur castris, atque aliuS OXAE alio Causam tumultus quaerit; neque quo signa erantur neque quam partem quisque ConVeniat, PrOVident. Alius iam castra capta pronuntiat, alius deleto exercitu atque imperatore Victore barbaros Venisse contendit:
plerique novas sibi e loco religiones fingunt Cottaeque et Tituri calamitatem, qui in eodem occiderint castello, ante oculos ponunt Tali timore omnibus perterritis
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ύο. J DE HELLO GALLICO LIB. VI 233 confirmatur opinio barbaris, ut χα captiUo audierant i nullum isses intus praesidium. Perrumpere mituntur Seque ipsi adhortantur, ne tantam sortunam e manibus
dimittant. 3 Erat aeger cum praesidio relictus Publius cieXtius Braver os Baculus, qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duXerat, cuius mentionem superioribus proeliis secimus, ac diem iam
quintum cibo caruerat. Hic dissi sus Suae atque omnium saluti inermis e tabernaculo prodit, Videt imminere hoste atque in summo esse rem discrimine Capit armax ProXimi atque in Porta Consistit. ConSequuntur hunc Centuriones eius cohortis, quae in statione erat paulisper Una proelium sustinent. Relinquit animus Sextium gravibu accepti Vulneribu aegre Per manu tractUS 5 Sematur. Hoc spatio interposito reliqui sese Confirmant tantum, ut in munitionibus consistere audeant speciemque defensorum PraebCAnt. 39 Interim consecta frumentatione milites nostri clamorem heeXaudiunt praecurrunt equites; quanto e Sit in Peri , 20'ὰ ha Culo Coa noscunt Hic vero multa munitio est. quae attached
perterritos recipiat: modo conScript atque USUS militari return.
imperiti ad tribunum militum centurionesque ora Con- a Vertunt; quid ab his praecipiatur, Xspectant Nemo est tam sortis, quin rei novitate perturbetur Barbari Signa procul conSpicati oppugnatione desiStunt rediSSeprimo legione credunt, quas longius disceSSisse X CAP-tivi cognoverant; postea despecta paucitate X Omnibus partibus impetum faciunt. 4 Calones 4n proXimum tumulum procurrunt Hinc The get
celeriter deiecti e m Signa manIPUlOSque Coniciunt e eamp Vitha magis timidos perterrent milites Alli, cuneo tacto ut 055
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23 IULII CAESARIS 40. Celeriter perrumpant, CenSent, quoniam tam propinqua sint castra, et si par aliqua circumUenta Ceciderit, at reliquos Semari posse confidunt alii, it in iugo Con a sistant atque eundem omnes erant casum Hoc Veteres non probant militeS, quos sub VeXillo una profectos docuimus. Itaque inter se cohortati duce Gaio Trebonio, equites Romano, qui eis erat praepositus, Per medios hoste perrumpunt incolumesque ad inum omnes cincastra perUeniunt Hos subsecuti calon ex equitesque 3 eodem impetu militum Virtute servantur At ii qui in iugo constiterant, nullo etiam nunc usu rei militari Per- Cepi neque in eo, quod probaVerant, O ilio PCrmanCro, ut se loco superiore defenderent, neque eam, quam Prodesse aliis im Celeritatemque Viderant, imitari potuerunt, Sed Se in Castra reCipere conati iniquum in locum demiserunt Centuriones, quorum nonnulli ex inserioribus ordinibus reliquarum legionum virtutis Causa in Superiores erant ordines huius legionis traducti, ne ante partam rei militaris laudem amitterent, fortissime Pugnante conciderunt. militum pars horum virtute submotis hostibus Praeter spem incolumis in castra pervenit, pars a barbaris Circumventa Periit. Germani desperata iX pugnatione NaStrorum, quod 41 nostros iam Constitisse in munitionibus Uidebant, cum their booty, ea praeda, quam in silvis deposuerant, trans Rhenum
vantage of the wedge-like sormation tactic by hieliri meet the attachwas that it enabi ex the daris is of cuneus' was in forminx a Severat soldier to e concentrate 'forsex' to inclos it Under theon a single Potnt in the enemy's line Empire cuneus eam to e sed It was called by the soldier a swine' sor some division of the army Seehead caput porcinum. See eget. Lact. Div. Inst. i. 3 Quodsi in uno iii I9 certain number of super exercitu tot fuerint im Peratores, quot numeraries ere epi ready for the legiones, quot cohortes, quot cunei, formation cuneus, when de quo alae Primum nec inStrui Po- si red, without disturbanee to the terit acies.' generat order The prope mode of
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43 3 DE BELLO GALLICO LIB. VI 235 SeSe receperunt. Ac tantus sui etiam post discessum leaving the hostium terror, ut ea nocte, Cum Gai US OluSenu miSSUS iles V de cum equitatu ad castra venisset, fidem non faceret adesse morali sed a cum incolumi Caesarem exercitu. Si omnino animos timor Praeoccupaverat, ut paene alienata mente teletis omnibus copiis equitatum se e fuga recepisse dicerent, neque incolumi Xercitu Germanos Castra oppugnaturOS suisse contenderent. Ouem timorem Caesari adventuSSustulit. 42 Reversus ille eventus belli non ignorans unum, quod Caesar re- cohortes e Statione et PraeSidi CSSeni CmiSSAC, queStuMh feium.' ne minimo quidem casu locum relinqui debuisse multum sortunam in repentino hostium adventu potuisse iudicavit, multo etiam amplius, quod paene ab pSo vallo portisque
3 castrorum barbaro avertiSSel. Ouarum omnium rerum
maXime admirandum videbatur, quod Germani, qui eo consilio Rhenum transierant, ut Ambiorigis fines depopularentur, ad Castra Romanorum delati optatissimum Ambiorigi beneficium obtulerunt.
43 Caesar rursus ad exandos hostes profectus magno enewed
dimittit. Omnes vici atque omnia aedificia, quae quisque Eburones,3 ConSPeXerat, incendebantur praeda e omnibus locis agebatur frumenta non solum tanta multitudine iumentorum atque hominum Consumebantur, Sed etiam annig2. o. casu. p. f. 5 pro Caesar himself in his Anticato wrote spectu offecisset. his contracte 'unius arrogantiae Superbiae domina- formis the dative a commoti in tuque. In iis ileading against early Latin but sel out o us later. Dolabella ies haes the wordi et Lucilius has honori erant et ornatu '; hil in Quod sumptum atque epulas his or o gramma libri analo- victu praeponis honesto, gici ' heriai it down a a generalata in another place lanu noceo. rule that the 'i' in such cases hould Vergil employs ridi severab times e dispensed illi See Aul. Geli. Geor. iv. 58 victu, I98 concu- iv I 6.bitu i Aen. vi. 65 aspectu ).
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236 I CAESARIS DE UEL L. GALL. LIB. VI tempore atque imbribu procubuerant, ut, si qui etiam in PraeSentia SQ occultaSSent, tamen his deducto exercitu rerum omnium inopia pereundum videretur AC saepe in eum locum Uentum Si tanto in omnes partes diviso
equitatu, ut isodo visum ab se Ambiorigem in fuga
circumspicerent captivi nec plane etiam abisse e con- Spectu contenderent, ut Spe consequendi cillata atque 5 infinito labore suscepto, qui se summam rata Caesare gratiam inituros putarent, paene naturam Studio Vincerent, Semperque Paulum ad summam felicitatem defuisse videretur, atque ille latebris aut saltibus se eriperet et noctu occultatus alia regione Partesque potore non maiore equitum PraeSidi quam quattuor, quibus Soli Uitam
Tali modo vastatis regionibus eXercitum Caesar 44 duarum moliortium iamno Murocortorum Memorum reducit, concilioque in eum locum Galliae indicto de coniuratione Senonum et Carnutum quaestionem habere instituit et de Accone, qui princeps eius consilii fuerat, agraViore Sontentia pronuntiata more maiorum supplicium
sumpsit. Nonnulli iudicium veriti profugerunt Quibus icum aqua atque igni interdiNisset, duas legiones ad fines TreUerorum clua in Lingonibus se reliquas in Senonum finibus Agedinci in hibernis collocavit frumentoque eXercitui proviso, ut instituerat, in Italiam ad ConVentu S
Reims in the deparimentis arne. 2. moro maiorum Thisgood old-fashione Roma mode of punishment is described by Suetonius Nero 49 nudi hominis cervicem inseri surcae, corpus virgis ad necem caedi. I seems to have been
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SUMMARY.THE event book is a tragedy, illi the revolt os aut for iis subjeci and for iis hero Uercingetorix. In Ianuary B. C. 32 too place the murderis Clodius, an Rome was iunge in anarchy. The ne S qui chl Sprea to Gaul, herei fanne into a fame the lumbering ember o discontent. Rome' paralysis seeme Gaur opportuni ty. Al that was anted was to finxsomeseopte to lea the way. The Carnutes undenookto do his, an havin exacte a solemn ledge of suppori stomthei countn me by the Galli customi mingling thei standards, the proceede on a State dant murde at the Roman citi gens whom the could n in thei mari et-tow of Genabum Orteans . The news sprea like ild-fire ver the Counto', insomuch that thedeed done in Orieans at Sunrise a reporte before nine 'Clochthat night in Auvergne, at a distance of 6 Roman miles, and this, Caesar telis us was effecte by shouting the ne s through theseid. Here it oused to actio Vercingetorix, n ounxnObleman, whose sathe had been the leading man in aut Though opposedat firs by his uncte Gobannitio, an even expelle fro his nativelow of Gergovia Vercingetorix pran Suddent into OKer, and was oon proclaime hin by his countrymen-a ille through thedestre sor hicli his ather' life ad been forseited-and com-
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mander-in- hie by a powersu Consederac of States the membersos hich he hept in au e by the severit os his punishments. Havin collecte an arm he sent par of it unde Lucterius against the Ruteni o the order of the Province, and with partinarched against the Bituriges Bourges). The lalter,iein unSupporte by the Aedui, hos client the were, at once Oined Vercingetorix Lucterius o his fide wns hein equali SucceSSsul. He had won ver the Ruteni the Nitiobriges, and the Gabali, allClosely bordering on the Province, and was meditatin an incursioninto the Province isel in the directionis it clites tow of Narbo. In his design howeve he was frustrate by the appearance fCaeSar o the Cene. The Roman generat ad rought withaim Some ne levies rom Cisalpine Gaul. Aster avin cheched Lucterius' ordere these an par of the troops atready in the Province to meet in the countr of the Helvii Uivarais , hicli is separate Domitiat of the Arverni by the mountain-range of the Cevennes, hicli then a Si Dei dee in now. his barrier Caesar burs an descende like a catarac upo the field of the Arvemi, bringin desolation in his train. Vercingetorix was hastilyrecalle sto Bourges by the entreaties of his Countrymen, hic hwa jus the result upon hicli Caesaria calculated. his madet a litile sala for the Roman commande to accomplisti his main objeci, hicli a that of rejoinin his army. Under retence of raisin more forces he est the troops he had withainario continuetheir ork of devastation unde the command of Brutus, promi Singio do his bestio tot away more than three days. Then, heepingliis counse to imself, he made a rapid ourne to Vienne o the Rhone Pichin v there a bod o cavair that he had sent in adVance, he rode through the territor of the Aedui, without Stoppin night o day, into that of the Lingones Langres), here tw of his legion were intering vi. 443. From here e sentdeSpatChes to the est, hicli,ere quarterediear Sens and Trhves, and ad his arm concentrate at the forme place Sens Age
O receiving the news that Caesar halcioine his arm Vercingetorix returne to the countr of the Bituriges, and Dom here
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proceede to a siege o Gorgobina the ow of thos Boii,hoha been setile o Aedua territor si 28, Q). his movemento the par of Vercingetorix ut Caesar in area dissiculty Onthe ne handae could not illi credit desert the dependant of the Aedui, o the ther the season a stili to earlyrio malae it easylo obtain supplies. The os o prestige appeare the greater of the wo viis: so Caesar sent ord to the Boii that he was com ingto thei relies, an set ut iso Sens illi et glit legion s. ex dayhe arrive a Vellaunodunum, a tow of the Senones, hici hestoppe to alae. w days more brought him to Genabum o the Loire, hichaelonge to the Carnutes This to 'e ache and bumt Thenae Crosse the Loire an lai siege to a tow of the Bituriges calle Noviodunum, hicli a in his line os march. This as in the acti surrender hen the Cavair of Vercingetorix, who ad no rat sed the lege of Gorgobina came to iis relies
but these ere routed by som German hors in Caesar' Service, o whom e no hea for the firSt time, and the surrender ascomplet ed. Aster these Succe Sse CaeSar marchedipo Avari cuna,
the chie tow of the Bituriges seelin sure that, si could recoverthat he would reduce the tribe into his power. There has been much disputem to the topograph of this marcho Caesar's. Agedincum, it is no questioned is Sens. Vellauno dunum is placed by the Commission who Napoleon III instructe dioira uina marios Gaul, at Chateau-Landon, o the out bordero the depariment of Seine-et-Marne, but by the Emperor himselfat Triguhres Genabum is identi fied by the fame Commissionwith orleans by the Emperor illi Gien, hicli is further u the Loire. Noviodunum is ut by the Commission a Neuvy-Sur- Bara on, by Gole a Noua te Fugelier, by Napoleon a Sancerre. Gorgobina, sor hic Gergovia sed to e read is placed by the Commissio at Sa int-Pierre-le-Moulier, by oler at Guerche-Sur-l'Aubois by Napoleo at alni-Pariete e Chatel. M. De ardinsbeli eves that the Genabum o vii. II, 14 is no the Same a the Genabum o vii. 3 an viii. . The alter place e denti fies with Oricans, an maintain that it ho ut be pelt illi a C, becauserit is o spei in an inscriptio found o the spo and by
former, he is illing illi the Emperor o place a Gien This compromise has littierio recommen it. Even f Orte an were ut
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2 Ο IUGI CAESARISos Caesar' line, a potni,hicli depend o the hypothetica positionos . orgobina there a very good eas οὐχ a detour in orderio reach it, and the signa vengeance hi Cli Caesar Oola ponit seems to mar it a the place here Roman citi gens ere
The Continuous su CCes of the Roman arm convince Vercingetorix that the aut must change thei tacti A. He had influenceenough illi his countrymen to persuade themo play a attinggame, de Spite thei natura impatience, an to bur thei home- SteadS, Village S, and even townS, Soras to deprive the enem of the means os subsistence Avaricum it self, po Iulii Ch Caesar asno marching, ought in ursu ance of this plano have been
committe to the fames; ut Uercingetorix a longili iei de to the entreati e of the ituriges that the might not e compelledio destro with thei own hand a cit which was the faires almost in the whole of Gaul, and whos natura positio maderit o ea syos delance. In his e Committe an error o poli Cy so the subsequent Capture of this Strongii old jus saved the Romans Dombe in Starve out of the count . Vercingetorix encampe ata distance of si xteen miles sto it, and with his abundant cavat rymade foragin a or o dissiculi an dange to the Romans. There ere ni two tribes in Gaul Do who Caesar could ex pec hel in the way o supplies These ere the Boii and the
Aedui, of hom the forme were too oor o do much, and thel alter o halnhearled. The legionaries ere force for severat day to sub Sis Solet o meat, hic presente it self as an extreme privation to these Italia soldier a Custome to farinaceous ood. Nevertheless, the hel on illi a dogge persistence, an rejected Caesar' offerri abando the lege. When therio ersa ad atready approache the wall, ercingetorix move his Cam nearer o Avaricum, and est it imself,ith thecavat ry, in orde to te in ambusti hereae expecte the Romansio go ut o forage nex clay. Caesar as informe of this move-ment, an starting at id night presente himself in the orning before the cam deserte by iis generat He found the positionhoweve to Stron to justis an allaCk, a the enem Were protected by a marsh, an returne the fame dant continue thesi ege. The iackle aut accused thei Commander of treRChery,
hut Uercingetorix ad n difficult in dispos in of the arguments