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disappears leavin the right ursace os the silve Dee this is
cam into existence. Is came into existence', substitute theword were revised ' the account here give is probabie enough. l. 3. Paulo . . . Si CL Cic. et Verr. V. Io paulo altius ordiri.' nother possibi echo o Cicero Occursin the ex page. We have notaoweve ventured to adoptru's reading. l. O. Plaeitis ... vel Conuentionidum cs infra, II. xii. Α Placita autem dicimus poenas pecuniarias in quas incidunt delinquenteS: conuentione Vero oblata spontanea.'P. 90,l. 9. Neo . . . Pinio CL Cic. in Verr iv. sesellit hic homines opinio.'L I . in veteridus annalidus rotulis. The expression ad scalam ' oes no occur in the ipe ossis 3 Hen. I see Introduction, P. 36 n. 3. t Sliouldae observed that the roli os 31 Hen. I was notaunique a me time os the Dialogus. l. 9. Nescit . . . gratia Thi is no sto the Vulgate, inspite os the quod scriptum est. It Source is Unknown oras.
secunda virorum Pauperta sugitur'; and note the playin the namem Roge te Poer CL Liebermann,
l. 28. Tractucem. The reading per traditionem has nomanuscript authority. Tradux, classicalty is a shootis vine. In iis mediaeva senserit implies the corporea continuit os sather an l
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imitatione Ader dubbed the catholics, ho Trmed that it was an inherited aint, 'Traduciani. Here the author says that he acquiredhis knowledge by direct inheritance, i. e. sto Nigelis Et his sather.
scriptionis the origina formis the Courtis Exciteque Chamber,as exercising the functio os decidi nidoubila question arisingduring the progress of the audit 'Verbum ambiguum is properly a Wor capable of two meanings, ut here verbum is a plea: LEbrardus Bethuniensis, Graecismus Ita ), Dusresne, Glossarrumin Hoc nomen verbum designat quatuor ista; Est deceptio, pars filius dei, atque loquela' l. 5. Livorum etiam, etc. The Sher has powe to exclude nauthorige persons rom the 'Thalamus, o ExchequerChamber, an probabi sto the XCheque alSO. The personS, Who have re accesso both, are those ho sit at the Xchequer virtute ossicii or by direct commission rom the Ling. Those who alieno nomine militant appea to e exclude sto the Thalamus.' hos in authority auctentice, cannot decently appea in public unattended Becket' dismissa of his cross- beare a Northampto is a Case in potiat); the may accordinglybring one or two attendant into the uter X chequer, ut nosurther. Such attendanis, as et a those ho have seat at the Exciteque o bellat of thei masters may however e calle inii the hing's bufines demandiit. l. 7. eaActem ofert P. R. 3 Hen. II, Oxforrihi re p. a it clerico qui portauit summonitiones, s. P. R. C. R. IIIJen. II, London, p. 3I Et Roberto de Tocha et Rogero Ostiario
marcam ad portandum Summonitiones vicecomitum per breue Regis' cf. P. R. amen. II, P. O5, 3O). l. 29. Ciroumquaque ubicunque in Madox's ex is a mis- reading of the abbreviate formis circumquaque.
P. 3 l. 3. Duroat 1ingua stractoris CL Sap. i. I Αdetractione parcite linguae. Up to this poliat the author has
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meret been describing the Exchequer, and thus has been able sortii mos part to rite semi-classica Latin Hemo comes to the privileges os hos Who sit there an apologige so the barbarous iam termitte is orce to se H seel that is he went on sing conficta nomina such miles gregarius. his or Uouldbe Ome qui te nintelligibie. P. 93, . . exquisito veruorum scemati, in nice derangementis epitaphs. V. B. Sheridan, The Rivati. l. 2 emula mens vel lingua: cf. Horat Epist. I. iX. 5 Timagenis aemula lingua.' l. 3. Qui in Seristis . . . mittat: L Ioan viii et qui sine peccato est vestrum, primus in illam lapidem mittat.' l. 6. Dignita resictentium. O the exemption e oyed by Exciteque officiat in virtve of thei ossice, cf. MadoX H. E. XX. 7. p. 554, here numerous illustrations are iven. r. lebe
mann Eini p. 63. n. hadd to the lis o privileges the right os havin writ issued gratis quotin Walter Mam D. N. C. p. 23 I)
Mos curiae nostrae suit, ut gratis fierent et redderentur breuia sigillata ministris curiae quae nomina sua vel negotia continerent.' l. O. non euoeantur. In a case reporte in Bractons
se Bool Easter and Trinit Terms, 3 Henry III), here an SSi Zeo Morti'ancesto was tahen onaehat o Thomas de Wilne against Master Robert de Neville, the ollowin note is made et sciendum quod hec assis ponitur apud estmonasterium pro libertate baronum de scaccario qui non debent alibi placitare. Mailland , Brac on Boot Case 25. The privilege may be regarde das analogous to the Ssoin per seruitium domini Regis' see Glanvili, i. c. 8 and 7; ut Glanuit in his reaiment of the
subjectioes no reser to the Exche quer. P. 4,l. 2. iter . . . arripero : translates even though the one daybe Somea to the ther, that hei compellesto stari on hisbourney.'
Proeuratorem vel responsalem, in procior or an altorney.'
Procurator is an agent in an ecclesiasticat responsalis in a civilcouri. The atter ord, hici Glanuit employs lib. xi), subsequently gave place to attornatus.' 'Attornare' and Atturnatio arehoweve Mundis the Pipe olis P. R. Iamen. II, p. 8 P. R. 1 men. II, p. 222) so that it is probable that both Glanvili and Richard Fitg-Nigellare mahin a concession to classica Latin. l. 6. nomine consuetussini nichil soluunt. The ordconsuerudo cover ali aind of cu Stomary payments. such 4S
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marhet-tolis, astages, prisage, an ali the ther varieties o payment ei ther due to the in or o private owners an moreespeciali the custom revenue collected by the ing's authori . Exemptions ere poSSessed unde charteri most religiousiouses, and in large measure by the citigens os ali oroughs. The ordvectigal must not be presse So S O narro the privilege toexemption rom roya taxation only. Instances os his privilege of Exciteque ossicials illi Mund in Madox H. E. XX. n. 9p. 559 Sq. P. 1 l. 18. regi oui militatur the offence consist in intersering illi the ing's servant in the executio of their uty;
mili utar is os CourS PASSive. l. 28. non equis aspieit oculis, cannot endure.' L. and . quote aequis oculis videre ' ro Q. Curtius viii. 2.9. Incentor malorum diabolus and addente stimulos Sathana are current phrases in papa bulis and other ecclesiastica documents. l. 34. in uius manu issum est: cf. Prov. xi Corregis in manu Domini.'Ρ. 95 l. 4. Mors . . . lingum cs. Prov. viii. I 'Mors et vita in manu lingue.' Lingua . . . exaltat. Iacob. iii 5. l. 7. Commune assise This seem tote the term sorinnyaSSeSSment made On the count a a hole, hether o purpOSesos taxation in hicli caserit is equivalent to the monum Comitatus' os P. R. amen. II II 56), p. 59, o by Way os amercementis in the ollowin case, P. R. 7men. II713, p. 29, Lancasur Idem vicecomes debet Iras et 8 f. de Communi Assis Comitatus de Lancastra pro desectubus et misericordiis' cs. Madox H. E. C. Vii. 4. p. 48 ). For iusticiis errantibus, cs. below, II. i. F.
The word deambulareris an perlusjanus are ni an attemPtat classica Latin. l. II. De iactas cf. I. i. D, below, and note. l. 2. Eoaecarium solutionis, the Exchequer i. e. thesession of the Exchequerhat which paymen muSti made. l. 4. non solum . . . feoctis suis, no only the and theyhold in demesne and cultivate themselves, but also the land held of
l. 6. a firmam, at a fixe rent, or in heepin unde noSettie conditions o as a ledge. Theioin is that unde theseconditions hecis no the Wner.
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unde an pretexi stoma land-owne gave ima right o mahea simila leu on his under-tenanis. ut is the hie lord ere Dee sto an particula exaction, he was not allowed the use of this privilege. Laelow I. i. F. In the caseis scutage the writ me scutagio habendo resis pon this principie the ord ho pays scutage, a collec scutage is he oes his service in person, hemustae a speciat writ o nablectim to do so. l. 6. Dimittito odissimittemini. Luc. i. 37. l. 27. euangelio emulator octrino. CL Matth. xviii. 23 Seqq. P. 96 l. 34. Virum itaquo, Vandis to a man os much shilli this matter' the utique ' os editor since Madox may be right,
but it has no manuscript authori ty. l. 35. Cuius . . . in ternum C P. R. I Hen. II, Camis an Huno. p. 45), A. D. II 69 Nigellus Elyensis Episcopus reddit compotum de o marcis de promissione sua ad maritandum filiam Regis. In thesaurora marce. Et debet omarcaS. Set mortuus est et Requiescat in pace. The fina clause
of this enirnis belleve to e singular, and was possibi due to the filia piet os our author himself se Liebermann Tini p. 63. n. 7). P. 97, . . Dellio tempestato: i. e. the civit ars of thereignis Stephen. It is possibi that there eremo Session of the Exciteque during the periodis consusion in Stephen' reign; at an rate the Pipe ollis et Henry IIcilio ius that the nance os
the hingdom asini emergin stom confusion a that date. See tranSactions of the R. Hist. Soc vol. xii. p. II 7 The heri 'sFarm by . . Umer. l. Io. Velut alter Actaeas. Alarissing lip. The reserenceis to et Macc. i. Inserebantur autem in descriptionibus, et commentariis Nehemiae haec eadem et ut construens Bibliothecam congregauit de regionibus libros, et Prophetarum, et David, et epistola Regum et de donariis.' l. 6. aure auctiencti Mati. i. 5 Marc. V. 9 Luc. viii. Apoc. i. paSSim. l. 9. hahens sibila serpentis': L Sap. xvii. Serpentium sibilatione commoti.'l. 22. Quictum Constitutas These do no usuali appearon the Pipe oli, ein pald ut of the reasur an not ut ossa S. In ne case it appears that he hancello received s.
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unable to e present, eing on the ing's usiness, ut receiveda Compensatin alloWance P. R. 3 Hen I, p. I In liberatione eiusdem Cancellarii de xiiii diebus in quibus non suit ad caccarium cum aliis baronibus Regis L Io 5s.').Ρ. 97 l. 23. functos tiadent Theseiuni appearin the Pipe Rossos Terre Dale. A familia instanc is the estate called
Highworth or eventiampto in ilis, hicli the amit os itg-Gerat hel by the sedeant of the chamberlainshi os the Exciteque Round Commune of London, p. 3); also AmeSbury, where a rent of Leto lanch et in armen. II by Hughmose reappears in I Ric. I asiavin been held successivel by Stephende Camera and the wiseis Alan de Nevili. l. 3I. Metiitoptio We cannot identis the councilior, buta inspectionis Pipe Rossa Henr Pinos that the incident took
placeaeire II 3 . Ρ. 98, . . inctulserat omnium. The passage oes notclearly explain the privilege granted, ut a comparison illi thewrit quote belo stlows that the denaria re moneys due to the hin a judicia amercemenis. Instances may be quoted romthe ipe olis, e g. Idem vicecomes reddit compotum de una marca de Lodningehundredo quia negauerunt quod prius dixerunt. In thesauro j.s. Et in perdonis per breue regis Militibus de Templo .d Pipe ollo Ric. I, p. I. The Same phras is employed in cases of Murdrum. From the Same roti P. 126 maybe quote an instance of mercement pro de cru Idem vicecomes reddit compotum de dimidia arca de Thoma de Sancto J Iauro pro defectu; et de una arca de Ricardo filio Tedrici pro eodem. In perdonis per breue regis militibus de Templo x. s. 'On the otheriand in item relatin to the ores the phras is stillan perdonis per liber alem car aut se II. xii C, below, and note. P. 99, t. 5. Seutagium Lan granted ut by the in tohol hy militar service is value in term of inighis' it is ob held by the service of one linight, o hal a linight o suchiniis and ractions sanight a the in mandetermine the granteeis the bound to in sor the laudat arm that number of fullyarme horsemen militis), to serve for a perio os orty ays and this service is me seruicium debitam os the particula see. twas Within the power of Such a tenant to enseos sub-tenanis in his and to persor his service, ut the number os night soen osse bor no necessar relation to his seruicium debitam. It
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is clea that is nough sub-tenanis adiso been enseossed thechie lord would have to ire soldier to persor his service and in the caseis ecclesiastica fies there as alWays a doubt whether thei holders ere bound to serve the hin excepi in delance of the reaim. These two dissiculties seem to have sorme the ointo departur so a syStem, hereb the lord, instead os performingliis service, aid to the hin a commutation orcit. In the case ofecclesiastica fies this procedure an e trace as early a theyear IIo9; in the case oscia fies the evidence does no caro usearlier than the ear II 59. See eudat Eulandi J. H. Round , Pp. 26 sqq. 532, 5334 Scutage an might Service in Engiani J. F. Bald in Chicago 1897). P. 99, t. 5. Ahina . . . reaictentes. In temos the doubi casth Madox on his statemen in his note e quot hom the ipe Rollis 18 Hen. II the names of the ollowin exciteque ossicers exempted per breue Regis in that ear: olin the Marshal
de Luci p. I o) Mostis these ames recur. l. 7. Murctrum. The histor an administration os the murder-fine are obscure. The Exciteque theor at the date os the Dialogus was that sor ver homicide done secretiy, Sothat the perpetrator as undis overed, the hundred was able to fine of 36 or to the Ling that this as introduce is William the Conqueror to ut a sto to the frequent Murders of Normans aster the conquest that originalty only murders of Normans ere so punished, ut that the gradual susion os the two races ad made his distinctio almos impossibi excepi in the caseis me of unlae status. In severat potnt this account is incredibie, ut it is dissiculto construct a tenabi theor in iis place. Is e turn to earlier authorities o the subjeci, Such a the Leges Mardi Confessoris, 15, 6 Leges illelmi I. 22, III 3, and the Leges Henrici XIII et LXXV et XCI and XCII, e finddetatis notamentione in the Dialogus to a the liabilit os the township o the lord, hoS man the murdere person aS, o in Somecases the chatteis os the ouse here his od was Mund thehundred somelimes eing oni liable o mahem the deficien Gihere are also statement a to the right os the hinsmen, anda generat agreement that the amount of the sine a sorty-si maiasos silver. Is rom these doubisul an dissering authorities e turn to the Pipe Rolis e find, sirstly that the fine is always levied
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the person murdere must e ver fisteen ear os age. Se also
ChadWych Healey, Somerseuhire Pleas, p. lviij and lxxvij. Ρ.99, t. 8. Normannus. his must noti pressed the termsor instanc in the Leges Henrici Primi is Francigena'; the Pipe Rollis 1 3 Hen. II, p. 2oo, record the payment of the sine or themurder of inius Flandrensis. The term Francus or Francigena' is the early term so the rench-speahin soreigners illiambrought withaim amoniliis new subjecis the 'Angli.' l. o. urgonti examinati. The Murdrum ' appear in the Pipe Rolis os Henr II and later hings asaeingsaid numero. In the ipe Rollis Henr I the sum, in accordance illi the languageos the time, is usuali expresse in marks os silveta The author os the Dialogus may have argue stom this mode os expressio that originalty the payment as exacte in assayed silver, ut he was probabi in error on this pOint. l. 34. Vix eoorni possit. The hundred scape themurder-fine is the coroner' jur presente that the deceased was English; ut, a the ex potnis ut proos of this a dissiculi in
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planation os the setilement ad aster the Conquest. It is nothistorica in sorm aut rather a legat theor os the histor of thechanges the made Accordinito this te ali the Englisti land-holders ho ad actuali resisted illiam, tost thei land at onceandrior ever, a Statement hich sacis recorde in Domesda slio to e ver probable those ho had not ahen par in that resi tance the great majori ty remat ne in possession os thei lands, but ound themselves mere holder at ill unde foretgn lord withno inheritable interest. Evictions of these precariou tenant produce a roya decree iving thema ne titie ensorceable against their lord and recogni ging two classes of tenure, vi g. tenure by the lavour of the ord, meritis exigentabus, and tenure unde a contraci, inferueniense pactione No it is clea that this passage is notapplicabie to tenant in clites, and that it oes no reser to the proces by hicli men bought thei land Do William A. S.Chronicie, a Io66ὶ but that it describes the establishment of legat relatioris etween the or an under-tenant by roya authori ty. clos parallel will, however, be Mund in the amous passage in Bracto f. b, here e discusses, no the condition franglislilandowners ster the conquest, ut that os certain tenant Withinmanor os roya demesne Bracto telis much the Same tory theSe tenanis, re at the conqueSt, ere ejected by thei neWlOrds, restore in a Worse condition, an provide by the crownwith a legat remedy. These tenant also ere o tW hinds, those who et with a specia agreement, and thoseolio ad none. Bracton' account, again is a legat theor of histor rather hanhiStory. The problem suggested by this paralle is double; rstly are the tW authors thinhing of the fame set os facts and Secondiy, was Bracton acquainted With this passages The secon questioni one or Commentator on Bracton; ut in angwe to the sirs it ma be potnted out that it is almos incredibi that a theory hicli Bracto applie to an exceptiona clas of smal holder o theroya demesne an e quali applicabie hen extende to verylandiloide in the country. I may be suggested that the Dialogus has et out to teli onerator and endedi telling another. notheran apocrypha versionis the stor Will e Mund in the passage quote by Wilhinc Leges Anglo-Saxonicae, p. 286 stoma manuscript pedigre os the Sharneborne family, subsequently printed by Gibson in his Reliquiae Spemannianae. Here it is asserte that the Conqueror ordered Such tenanis tot calles irengs fa Danish
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term cs Spelman Gloss. s.v. Drenches' . s. Stubbs, Consta usional LasIork I 89 I)I. 28 nn. Polloc and Mailland IrisI. English Laetv I. 372 Sq. 38 I. For the genera queStions aised by the two passages cs. Mailland Domrada an Fond Vinogrados Ville, nam in Englanc P. 101 l. o. o . . . iussiotario. The titulus de libro iudiciario is hapter xvi elow, hereas that centuriata, etc. ischapter xvii. The se of the word titulus ' does no necessari tyimpi an sorma division into chapters; ut there an e litiledoubi that the word brachetexare ni a gloSS. l. 3. Insula noStra Suis, etc. s. Joh os Salisbury, POLVIII. vii. 73 , , Migne 'Defluxit ergo in insulam opulentam, et quae fere sola bonis suis est in orbe contenta, quidquid magnificentiae imo luxuriae potuit inueniri. CL also Commendatio
Britannie printe in Ralph de Diceto, Opera L Io. Rolis Series)
Britannia sicut legitur inter insulas omnes est vel prima vel maxima quam natura benignior adeo reddidit ad inhabitandum acceptam ut quicquid usus desiderat vel appetit luXus, ex ea proueniat aut aliunde transuehatur ad eam. The verse are probably
l. 7. Furem reolosa signata sollieitant. s. Seneca, Epist. 8. Furem signata sollicitant.' l. 21. fugas aggressiodantur oquoreas. Professor iebermani Et nisi ung, 3 notea considers this a reminiscence of Vergil We have notridentified the paSSage. L 25. aliqui . . . istoria The resereno is to the
mythica hingianus, in hos right the Danes lai med the stando Britain since, hile the ritisti hings held of the Emperor,
Danus hel os God only se Gaimar, L Hismire des vles, .ao Sqq. 43 17 Sqq. Pros. Liebermann suggest that the book quote may be Gaima or the ource stom hich both Gaimarand eost re os onmouthirem. Is not hecis inclinexto regard the paSSage a meret referring to the factis the Danisti invasions, and compares the Introduction to Henr os Huntingdon'sisth book. Eini. pp. Ioa Io3). Os these three Suggestions the secondaeems the more probabie. manus ' was os course familia to Scandinavi an annalisis e g. Saxo Grammaticus at this date. l. 27. Act hos igitur aroonctos. The account of the A. S.Chronicis anno 99 is that the original object was o u of the Danes. The account in the Dialogus is no doubi copie stom