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ossicials ould e ware os the hortage Claudius, immediatelyasteriis accession took Steps to meet the clanger Furneau Tacitus ii p. 25 .et I. c. caesar Gaius, the empero Caligula, illed Jan. 2 , I A. D. O other Caesar of the Same name, cf. Postb. I g ;
populo Romano Superstite : an allusion to the amous isti os Caligula : Dial. v 9, 2 optabat ut rosulus Romanam tuam ceruicem haberet Suet. Cal. 3 uti nam P. R. nam ceruicem habereti 23. Octo dierum in I A. D. there vas ni a Suppi O cornfor I days a Rome Tac. An n. xii 3, in an in A. D. Ialyenough sor 1 days Hist. v et in in acti case the position asthought larua ing. certe, at most, Where Cicero an Liv xvouldisse summum. clvaria : for the System os distributing coria gratuitousi a Rome,
25. ultimum malorum cet. Cf. Juv. 5, Sed illic forinnae inuidia est et rumyrte ultima, casti l extremi, longiae dira obsi G
o quoque in Silver-age Latin cf. 24 3. 26. constitit, 'it Ost, xvith abi. of the price : cf. Hem. 24 .
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g s. et illici the praefecitis annonae of the inie, an hi sub- ordinatOS. 3. SRXa, ferrum, igne are the weapons os the larvingseopte in their age; ut a orse anger hicli the officials ad to sacewas the insane crueit o Gaius for thi climax, cf. Dial. V I9, 1 o Gaius torserat . . aculis talaribus, eculeo, igne uultu Suo Butthe epigram misses ire sor 1 Gaius as dead, and could nolinuri them et Gaius as e have jus been tolli, destred the death of
the eople, by starvation Or therwiSe. . tantum gΟVern mali. inter uiscera, 'in the vitais of the state : See n. to Hem. 34 I. intra ould e more Correct where concealmen is impliedri L Dial ivo I intra nos; ib. 35 intra pectus Ess. o intra OS est, in uisceribus 9Si sedet perhaps inter Sive to the copyisis. 5. cum ratione scilicet, Mith good eason, o may be Sure' cs. Lucr. 435 non ab nulla ratione. 6. aegri : abi. absol. curanda sunt, must e realed ' Englisti misi ead here, ut curare must noti confuse with Sanare.
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II horrea the granaries a Puteoli and Ostia, here thegrain, rought main ly rom gypt an Africa, as store : CL p. 77 I; Cic. De Fin i 8 . I 2. On RieSeat clam ingratia is apto be poli by heating ': Pli ny uses both concalescere an conferti cere in his ense of heat Nat Hist. viii 3o and O this ouldi caused by ne lementia. I 3. responsteat, 'it ma tally' is the argo is es than the in voice, there ita fraus o the par of the importerS. ec these studies. 'i . sciturus hich ill eachbou is an equivalent. quae materia sit de cet. hat follows describes ne of the three division os philosophy cs. Epp. 89, 9 philosophiae tres partes esse dixerim et maximi et lurimi auctorey moralem, naturalem, rationalem ethics, physios logici Physic par naturalis compri se three subjecis i deorum attira; et animi natura; a mundi natura in his orde Sen. takes them. materia: a cord in to the Stoics, the substance of whicli thegod are made, as ire. uoluptas : his ord, in relation to the god and speciali tolli Stoic ods, is surprising in te of the contempt tways expresse by the Stoic sor ηδον , he hie good of their great antagonisis, the Epicureans nor an thinii that uoluptas here is justi fied by deI ciet se in nem. 64 8. Henc there is soni ground sor referrita uoluntas, the read in of the inferior nass. 15. condicio, da os existence not a froni environment.'forma, 4hape the Stoic god were round , CL EN II 3, as rotundam illis juram, qualem deo, Hetaerint Cic. De Nat. Deor. admirabor eortim tarditatem, qui animantem immortalem et eundent beatum rotundum esse elint the Epicurean gods ere
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huius mundi, of this ortii, consistin os arili, ea, and Akywith the tars. The heavi est par of this complex is the arth, comprisin earth and water, hicli rematiis fixe at the centre, pol sed on the lighter element flair of the Mur elemenis, re is the lightest, and therefore rises to the op of the mundus, here itfornis the aether the partis the k above the oon and the tars in Oint f ighines aer comes nexi, an is Mund both bove and belo the earth. his is the Stoic cosmology, attachedi Lucretius icio8 soli ), who argues 1 that there is no meditiva or Centre i opo), and et that it is inconsistento suppos that re an atrfly pwards, hile the the two element sint down. I 8. Supra leuia suspendat: cf. Ovid es t et circumfuso pendebat in aere tem ponderibus librata stiis in equilibrium).
Supra a re PoSition here. in summum. to the ighest part of the mundus cf. Ovid et i 26 i ea connexi is et sine pondere caeli l emicuit summaque locum sibi fecit in arce. 19. Sidera uicibus suis Xcitet, malles the star move iththei proper changeS.'IO. Ceter i go verned by Sciturus abOVe. miraculis the abi ha be come the normal case aster plenus by Quintilian ' time cf. Quint. ix Cicero an Caesar almOStat ways have the gen. a. uis tu: s. Dial. ii 5 v 37, 5 Vi , L i I, ID E 7, O 58 23 7o, 3 78, 9; 2 , 23; at Ouaest. iv praef. DIL the Phras eXpresses a peremptor command oo reatly musti'ὶ the pronoui bella a regula partis it: cf. Hor. at ii 6, 9 nis tu homines urbemque feris praeponere silvis r where Bentleycalis the constr. IgantiSSimus Idiotismrasin. Nin tu also sed is meret interrogati Ve. II. Telicto solo : the oul, ein light, flies pwariis an aman who lives the intellectua lila, is sal by metaphoro do
dum caelet sanguis, i. e. besore o are to old. 24. SuS practice of virtues. 25. uiuendi ac moriendi scientia : a common definition os
philosophyta cf. 7 Q. alta rerum quies: a lis os Pro uni repose.'
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3 is unguite torali placerit occupies it is no speciallytrue of the occupatis o Paulinus an a reserence to any theroccusatio, in the ourse of this persona appeat, is ei inartistic. twould Pthinii, come belle at the beginning of c. 7. a. 28. d. . . tormiunt, regulate thei flee by. . . : his and what ollows is rue of the salutator an taeductor, ut o os the praefectus annonae, there re it is irrelevant here. 29. amare et Ossisse . . . iuuentur, love an halerio order' the two infinitives are cognate accusatives, an res follow in apposition. 3o liberrimas, mos impatient os dictation ' cs. Plin Pane . 85 neque enim, ut alia subiectis, ita amor imperatur, neque en et Eusa fectus tam erectus et liber et dominationis i ariens. For iuben ur, cf. ac Anu. xii 3, 3 o Claudius principis, cui non iudicium, non o sum erat, nisi indita et iussa.
Do no he euvisus os se magistrate or reat orators Such carcer, even is Succes ut, oes no Satiso an rhe dear offuc men a nothii molis incit. Turannius at 9o et retirement rom his post e= e death. Burmen oti si Io givet emSemes omerar athing time more their usF life en ri. 1. 3. uideris, inuisteris the play on ord is no doubtintentionat. praeteXtam the ob os office : en refers to repente consul - ships cf. De Hen. iii 33, 2 N. Io male te habebit ille consiti factus, ille etiam refectus re-elected unde Trajan, a thir consul - ship was the summit os distinction sor a subject cf. Plin Pang. 6 Isin des quam plurimis tertio consulatuS. . in foro, in the a couris' unde the empire, eloquence, banished froni the Senate and the rostra, a to e ear oni in
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5. uitae damno arantur, are bought at the rice of li se, lit. with the money-los of ise.'ab illis numeretur the Romani late the ea by the names of the consuls. Under the empire, the consul seldom et ossice forthe whole eam; and the supplementar consuis su ecti' ad esshon Our, a the ear a nam ei froni the consules oriuinarii hoen tered pon ossice On Jan. ast cf. Dial. v i, et dedi Huodecim fasces the consulfhip); sed non feci orae arium consulem a me numerari noluit annism I sed Seest mihi he oes no suppor me in ad sacer otium the pri esthood bein a stili igher distinction).B Pli ny Pan V. 58 the consul ordinarius is sali aperire anni miastosque reSerare. Sen himself was consul Suincitis, no ordinariuS.ab 'honi. 6. conterent: See n. to I g I. 7. eniterentur, the could limbip. 'inter prima mea the bottom cf. Quint. xii io 78 desinit in aduersa nisi qui feruenit in summum I scandenti circa ima labor
8. luctantis 'en is perhaps thini innof Lucr. v II 32 an rastum per iter luctantes ambitionis ii a noctis atque Hies niti praestante labore i ad stim mas emermere se rerumque potiri.
the word cf. E . I inprobo lumini torio stron a lightin. inualida is par os the predicate. The lette in hicli Sen. morali sesin the deat o Cornelius Senecio 's. Io I is an expansio of this PaSSage. 2. I . ignotissimis, perfeci Strangers' i pleadiu forsrientis, he would haVe more XCUSO. 3. et couples fro Qu. it. and castanum et . in both respecis the orator is tollanae . inperitae coronaem the altery ' corona, it the ring, is regulari used os the audience ho stand or sit round a spealter in
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Ι 8. Recipiendis . . . rationibus : the common phras: cf. Hem.
17 et Era i , 8; a 22, I 5; Petron. C. O. inmorientem: Sen. se very reel compound like inmori and innasci sol lowed by a dat os the hin or occupation f. Diat. iii II, 3 armorrim, quibus innascuntur innutririnturque i 5, os Hannibal innatus an ini. tractus, tormented by delay' tortus is commone in hi SenSe: CL JUV. I , 5 iam nunc obstas ac uota moraris, i iam urguet futieuem Ion et ceruina senectus. The heir, havin been longkept ut of his inheritance. eers at the old an or the ut in passion stron in death.
a. I9. occurrit: cf. I, ut succurrit 3 g .eto Turannius se Introd. P. xiii. 22. ultro, at his own equest 'ci os an officiat remove so a fauit, the common phrase Caesar ei successorem dedis.
componi be lato oui a technica meaning of the word. So Trimalchio, hen ather runt , read his illisloud gives directions sortis funerat when totafamilia, tamquam infunus a, lamentatione triclinii m in lenit), and finali stretches himself uton his couch as i dead, and has funerat music played Petron. CC. I, 72, 78j. et . Iugebat In re is properly to mourn so the dead.'
e moria patriae, extrema nobis, impertire debemus, ut issae leges
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monent, quae maiorem annis LX otio reddunt the numerat is apparenti due o conjecture, ut Some numerat is requiredin. 5. I. fructu, enjoyment' not result' in . profectu animi mora improvement.'s; ofectat means indvance, improvement, and is osten used e .g.
by Quintilian o rhetorical student : ut Sen. se proscere and
profectu to repreSent προκοπτειν an προκοπη, technica term withthe Stoic forinduance toward the ideat represente by the sapiens: cf. N. 75, 8 qui roscit, in numero quidem Stultorum St, magno tamen interuallo ab illis diducitur. He then divides proscientes into three classes, accordin to thei degre os progreSS. 38. in conspicuo liabet. ieeps in iew a phras hardi Mundout of Val. MaximuS. 9. intendit: exterudi I, ould seem more uitable. II. Oserum publicorum, munera : Cf. Plin En vi recte fecisti, quod gladiatoritim ma/ntii Veronensibus promisisti inde uxorem habuisti, cultis memoriae aut opt/s public bullding aliquod aut Nec actitam debebattir. munera, Show of gladiators': the wor suggest the originalobjecti these hows it a to honour the dea a thei buriat. I 2. ambitiosius, pompous, pretenti Ous 'ri f. and Petron. c. 78 P gloriosus uolo efferri, ut tolat mihi optutis sne imprecetur. Tacitus says of the ancient Germans Germ. 27 in funerum nulla ambitio; ut thei descendant have aid ea vi lyto, Mould for long-taile prancers, neve harnesse unde tenpunxie ' Martini uetalemit c. 93.13. a faces et cereos: Child ren ere burie at night ytorchlight cf. Diat. X II, 7 totiens praeter limen inmaturas exsequias fax cereusque praecenis; gr. 22, Io of men ho turn night into day quantulum a funere absunt, et quidem acerbo, qui
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AII the or of men' haud must come o Sestructisu in time. Nar, e re tot boome that Me niverse issem se allit contains, is Eoomed o Sestruction. How then an auinae idua complain that he and his cannot escas the senten Esronounced against ali hings JSomethin more than the supplement printe in the ex mustbe os here the reatis cannot have egu so abruptly Butit oes no appea that much is ost. Eo mos os the stocharguments Sed in Consolationes se Summersita Epp. 63 are dia ly und here.
1. . compares, ove compares them the an pers of
the res subj i osten sed in his ense: cf. Paul. I. Thesollowin clause inust egin illi tui in Englisti. redigas has the mean in os eximas, in consider them.'
ast with reserencerio. 'condicionem, the ordinance.'3. destruentis suae destruere solet: See n. to rumpentibus
Paul. I a se of the preS. Participi unknown, at eas in the sing. to Classical prose: it represent τῆς διαιρουσης; ut thereis no definite artici in Latin, o malle the meanin Clear. 5. septem miracula: the usual lis is the walis of Babylon, thetemple of Artemis at Ephesus, the statue o Zeus at Olympia, the Pyramids, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the hanon gardens o Babylon of these the Pyramid alonestili malae a stout resistanc against time. A the wonder of ancient days, the pyramid attracte thecuriosit of the ancients an hundred generations the leaves fautumn have ropi into the graveri and after the falli the Pharaolis an Ptolemi es the Caesar an caliptis, the sanie pyramid standerect an uiashaken bove helood of the Nile' Gibbon c. 71ὶ.
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6. Si uam quaecumque Sen is alludin to the triumphso Roman kill in architecture an engi nee ring. 7. ambitio, Jove os display cf. Paul. 54 4. uisentur a be sed ironi catly with a resereno to the senSeshown in Lucr i et miranda nidetur ntibus humanis refotiisendaque fertur, in osten et Sewhere. 8. ita est: se n. to Paul. I g .
coepit: cf. Hem. in Cicero and Caesar his ver is always sol lowed by an in s. a. quidam the Epicureans an also the Stoics, o hose school Sen. elonge M the belle 'ed in a future destructio os theworld by re εκπυρωσις i. II hoc uniuersum thi Universe. Unlike the Epicureans, who hel that the Universe τ παν containe innumerable orlds xbσμοιὶ, the Stoic bellevet in a single ori placed a the centreo the Universe Hence occis for them, but not so the Epicureans, an appropriate pronoui so the Universe. 12. a refers esse. to Sivina piet might prevent ourbeli evingin the destructioni the god o the work of thei hand cf. Lucr. I 6 nec fas esse, stim quod sit ratione nerusta Prentibus timanis fundatum persegno aeno i sollicitare suis tilla ui ex sedibus umquam
13. Confusionem, ChaoS before the our elements ereseparate froni ne nother l, divine age nc : cf. Diat. viii , quae ratio mersa et confusa diduxerit Lucan vi 696 Chaos, innumero allidum confundere muniuos.
1 . emerget, wili iunge domu '; ecause re an air, the two lighter elemenis, ill the sint down tocioin the two heavier, water and arthri se n. to Paul. I. ea nunc aliquis et comploret, it is die here re or an mant lament. . . : orthis formula, hi chris commone in the imperative, se n. to Tatii. et graci nunc here oes nothean io ' it is logicaland means this heing o. 'singulas, i individuals.' comploret cf. Paul. 54 2.