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13ycopoeia. The term Oxyrrariate has mostly been used to eXPreSs combinations of oxymuriatic acid, but here the acid is certainly in the state os common muriatic acid, and the larger proportion os oxygen it contains is combined with the metal; stili as such greater relative proportion os oxygendoes actualty exist, they have considered themselves justified in this use of the terna, rather than haVe recourse to qualities, whicli are avoided in ali other instances, for the distinction; they have, theresere, discontinued the name adopted in the sirst specimen baronus corrodens muriaticus .
LIQUOR HYDRARGYRIO XYMURI ATIS
Recti si ed Spirit, a fluido unce.
Dissolvo the oxymuriate of mercury in the Water, and a id the spirit.
This solution is directed in ordor to facilitate the administration os divisions of the grain of this active medicine. Half an ounce of it contains Dii os a grain of the sali. The
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thoesct it assisis, is not absolutely necessary to the wlation of this quantity, but it preserves it astem iis, and pr etenis the Vegetation a mucor, to whicli ali saline solutio ante Eable
Hydrargyrus cum creta, P. L. t 787- Mercurius alli metatu P. L. I 765.
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Iomelas. H3drargyrus nisi talus Mercurius dulcis sublimatus, P. L. IIς5. Calomelas, si quater aut plures sublimatur mercurius dulcis sublimatus, P. L. I 720.
Rub them together uia fit the metalli globules disuppear: then sublime: tali Out the sublimed mass, and roduce it to Po dur, and sublime it in the fame mannertWiCC more successively. Lastly, bring itinio the state os very sinu po der, by the Same procres Whicli has bcen directed sor the Preparation Os clial L.
No preparation os mercu is so extensively employed asthis: four paris of oxymuriate are trituraled with three Ofmercvry untii the globules of the lalter disappear, and as in this operation the lighter particles of the acrid sali are drivenabout, the operator sbould cover his mouth and nostriis While he is performing it. Some have advised me addition
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os a litile water or spirit to prevent this effeci; and there can, in practice, be no objection to the use of cither. A greaterheat is required for the sublimation of this compound than of the oXymuriate alone. It forms in the subliming vesselsa compaci, hard , shining, striated calae. Is tho union be notcomplete, some oxymuriate Will sirst arise and will be seen toform the sirst deposition; or on the other hand, a litile metallic mercury may sublime in the Same way; et ther extreme isto be avoided, but the lalter is the least injurious . . This sub- muriate is tasteIess and insolubie in Water or alhohol, or verynearly so, accor ling to Rouelle, who states it to require for solution II 52 paris of water. Chenevix gives as the proportionsos iis constituent paris, muriatic acid II, 5, oxyd of mercury88, 5, and this oxyd itself constris of metal 89, 3, oxygen IO,7;others have siXed the proportion os oxygen Iower, as O,05 :there is no doubi, however, that it is a minor OXyd to that
whicli odii sis in ille oxymuriate. According to Beatimsi, there is no intermediate state between the tWo Preparations, and also too large a proportion ei ther of OXymuriate ormercvry Will sublime unaltered. The present proportionsare talion as the best, Dona the result Of Very eXtensive practice, though it may seem stom Mr. Chenevix's analysis, that more mercury is talaen than is actualty nec Sary; for, accord- ing to him, 54 paris of metat are sussicient for I OO of OXy- muriate. Other chemisis, hoWever, have fXed the propo tion at I 5, Whicli is here used . According to the received nomenclature of Sub-salis, this ought to be considered as a
muriate os mercury; it does not differ frona the oxymuriate merely in the lesser proportion os iis ac id, for the addition os more acid does not convert it into the Oxymuriate, but thedifferen ce lies in the relative degree of Oxydation of thebase. Upon the Whole, it has been thought practi catly un- sala to adopi a term so closely allied to Θ ba gorus murialtis,
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whicli has previously been used for the acrid oxymuriate, and much be iter to adopi a definite namu after each, Whicli, with common attention, can scarcely be con unded together in prescription, than to talae either a long and circuitous modeos expression, or a nam e Whicli might be attended with righ. A very elegant modification of this process has lately been adopted by Μr. Howard, chemist, ivlio sublimes the sub- muriate into Water, With the vapoiar of whicli it mixes as itarises in iis gasseous forna, and subsides at orace as a fine impalpable precipitate to the bottona of the water. Formerly Preparations os mercury analogous to this Nere distinguished accor ling to the number of sublimations they had undergone. Afier three sublimations it was Mercurius dulcis, after fix Calomelas, and aster eight Panacea mercurialis; but, accordingto Beaume, a sinali portion os oxymuriate is formed by cachos these repented sublimations, probably froni the absorptionos oxygen by the heat ed preparation Dom the air of the
vesseis, and heiace no a luant age, but rather the contrary, Would arise Dona an increased number of the operations.
Tlio Pharmacopoeia of l 45 had fix sublimations; that ofIISI, as the directions seem to express it, five; and nowthey are reduced to three, Whicli are, in faci, fui ly sussicient, especialty With that subsequent application os mater Whichthe mode adopted for reducing it to a sine poWder re ruiras.
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rarnrus nitratus rubEr, P. L. I 87. Mercurius corro-Sivus ruber, P. L. II15. Mercurius praecipitatus corro- alvus, P. L. 1720.
Take of purifieii Mercui , by Meight, three
In the former Pharmacopoeia ono drachm os muriatic acidwas added to one pound of nitric; and in that of II 5, a similar compound was first employed; this addition is not, hoWever, necessary to the ultimate produci, and is there renow omitted. It is dissiculi to say for What pui pose it Was
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ever u sed, for is any oxymuriate os mercury was formed in the sirst, it Nould sublime aWay in the subsequent part of the process; perhaps it might be thought that by sublimitigaway a poriton, the residuary mass Would be lest in a more Spongy state, and Would more readily, for this reason, inootini the brilliant plated crystals which form the most common test of iis perfection. The object is to obtain a redoxyd of mercury by the decomposition of iis nitrate byheat; in the sirst place, there re, the nitrate is formed by hoiling the metat in the acid, and evaporating the solution to dryness. The different compotands whicli nitric acids fornis
Witti mercunx, according to the degree of OXydation of the metal, and the relative proportions of the metal and oxyd, are not now to be considered; the result is here, in the sirstinstance, a Nitrate Os mercury oxydiged to iis maximum. In the second place, When this sali is exposed to heat, nitrous gas arises, indicated by the orange-coloured fumes it formswhen ii meets the oxygen os atmospheric air, and the massaSSUmes SuccessiVely a yelloW orange, and at last a brightred colour, With a crystalline appe arance. The second parthas usually been conducted in the mattrass in Whicli the solution was sirit made, to Whicli it may be objected, that inenthe externat part os a large mass is sufficiently decomposed, the internat part is altered in a less degree, as is evinced by the disserence of colour of iis severat layers, and the wboleis unequalty affected; the directions are therefore thus modified, that the wholo may be equesty heat ed: a change Ofthe vesset is directed, and is a mussie be used for the lalter Part of the process, it Will allow of occasional inspection, and of the mass being stiri ed about; so that it may be more equalis heated, and a more uniform oxyd be lese; the dieat iliouldbe uniform and continued as long as any nitrous gas arises.
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6posed ; oxygen gas is then gi Ven OVer, and the mercury reduced to iis metallic state. The commencement of this seconddecomposition is talaen by M. Passaye A. C. 5l , as a test of the perfection of the frsi, by the inflammation os a malch, in a state os loru combustion, introduced into the gas Whicharises. It appears to me, that is the preparation be attentively conducted, it will not be a subnitrate, but a red oxydonly. Fourcroy igiVes as iis component paris, Mercury 92, and oxygen 8. Chenevix, Mercury 85, Oxygen I 5.
distilled water, and then dry it.
Under the heads of Hydrargyri Oxymurias, and Hydrar-Dri Submurias, the disterent relations of the mercury to oXygen in uach were stated. In the submuriate it is a minor blach oxyd, and in the decomposition of the sali, by anystronger affinity, as by that os lime or aikalies, this oxyd is
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ssiparate i. It consisis, according to Fourcroy, of mercury96, oXygen 4. Γhe same oxyd exists also in the pituite hydrargyri, but it is osten convenient to have it in the formos powder. It may also be used for fumigations, as it resembles in iis produci the more complicated formula used by Latonette, for his fumigating po der.
Hydrargyrus calcinatus, P. L. I 787. Mercurius calcinatus, P. L. 1745.
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this there is someWhat more oXygen; Lavolsier says, Oxygen 10, mercury 9O. But as the composition of this oxyd is matter of more certainty, as it can contain no nitric acid, andas it is given internalty by many practitioners; as too, accord- ing to the modern mode of iis preparation, and the employment of the necessary fire for other purposes at ibe fame time, it is not an expensive article, it has been thought rightto retain it; and the terms used to express each are suffciently indicative of their differetice of preparation to preVent confusion. A thin stratum os mercury is introduced into amattrass, with a broad flat bottona, and long narro necla, drawn out to a capillary Opening ; this prevenis the escape of the mercury, and alloWs a flow admission of air, the oxygen of Whicli, at the degree of heat applied, gradually unites Withthe metal, first into blackisti scales, and at last forming a massos a someWhat Meper red colour than the nitric oxyd, Whichis to be reduced to a fine poWder. The whole process may probably require an exposure of siX Weelis.