De vita et moribus Julii Agricolae et De Germania: Agricola and Germania;

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tho influseno of the grent Oet ne ver uned rem Rining On- spieuousi in evidenuo in ali his avortis.

1. Transposition Oscosti homen

2, 17 Aruleno RustioO, Paetus Thrasea ; 45, 15 f., Carus Mettius, Massa BaebiuS.

2. Predicat in ttributive position

caeca et conrupta 44, 3 i. inuolumi, florente, Salvis. Further comment, heneve callei tor res ollis a dis ussion illi syntactiva peculiaritios, ill e found in the commentary.

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XX vi INTRODUCTIO X. V. 3. Presticate precedes by Way of emphasis, thus ostenobviatin an asseverative partiele ille profecto, ero, quidem,

4, 10, arcebat; 6, 15, ViXeruntque 0, 22, uetus 8, 22 praeerat; 8, 23, tempera Vit 8, 27, habuerunt; 0, 6, credunt plerique 2 8, gignit 10 20, missus 16, 25, didicere; 22, si, adnotabant periti; 33, 25, Xcepere 38, 21, Sati Sque conStabat. O twayS Xcept ela. 13, 24 and Hist. III. 29 38 29 datam 30, 6, inerat; 40, 2 tradiderat; 40, 26, credidere plerique 41, 18, inseeuta; 41, 25, OScebatur; 42, 4, aderat; 42 6, aedesSere 43, 4, augebat 44, 20, natu ;45, 12, non vidit 45, 2, Xoepissemus. In asyndeti collocationS:

chiasinus in therias member 5, 29 i. 32, 1 ff. 38 17. Eaeception 2 5 dedimus proiecto. Generali in ablatire absolute constri et ions. e. g. 9, 24, comitante; 11 17 amissa 18, 2 caeSaque 18 8 depositis 18, 13, petita; 28 6, occiso 29, 25, Praemissa ; 35, 9, adloquente 37, 28, oblatis 38, 28, acceptis. Exceptions 14 9 26, 20 38, 2 39, 10 ; 43 11 44, 2

I, 4, aliqua; 8, 24, Suam 43 8, illud Pq, Domitiano ; 22, 15, hostibus 32, , res 32, 13, fulgor 32, 20 municipia 33 8 Britannia 28, 10 duobus 3, 32 erit; 43, 3 est; l, 11, deprehenda ;13, 23, vocabat 17, 1l amplexus 20, 21 circumdatam; 42 6 deerat; 44, 25, rederes; 6 23 7, 20 24, 1 35 2l ; 42, 11 Simul; l, i, pariter; b, 20 Plerumque o, i, bono 13, 20 POSteri S.

5. The adjective folio hos iis nouit

2, 24 3, 18, humani ae) 7, 17 1., OnSularibuS, Praetorius ut 10, 16; 15 4 21, 164 35, 15, Romanus precedes This proper adjecti Veris Ver raret postpositive in Tacitus, excepi illi res, hici habituallyprecedo it attributive. In l9, 27, publicae rei a DeceSSary beeauSeres publica has a pessisse meaning 33, 1, secundae res, been Se fadversae tollo ing. 00 a bove 4). In 3, 6, Securitas Publica is 1iX0d phraso, ille res publica The te other X option are clue tostylisti reasons; 7, 5, classis Othoniana 19, 28, studiis privatis ver unusual); 27, 1, loca tuta 29, 2, Pugnae Priori 32, 3, dominationi alienae 36, 30, tres, duas 44, 28, opibus niuitis lie adjec-

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STYLE AND RHETORIC. XX vii

tira prono itiis, Mn the ollier talui, are USuali postpositive, and primus, a in 24, 32, nave Prima frequently o.

44, 2.

T. Anastrophe is stili ver rare in the minor ritings, tho Agricola hau in only one in Stanee:

8. Repetition os reposition though nos uneoninion in Taditus, is almos Wholly continod tot seversati e lausos

nos 32, 2 45, 13, tot 33, 10 quando 46, 0 Si 40, 20 quidquid 46, 17 id . . . te os 30, omnia ; 9, 20. Procul; 25, 23 36, 26 4l 2 simul; l 14 absens l, 14 cotidie ; 40, 5. Oetu 5, 21 aeque 15, 23, alteri u ; 45, 22 eum.

10. Polysyndeton

This stylistic device, inueti more raret ei loyed than the asyndeton, dram attention to ach inyle element hi the enumeration theasyndeton, On the ther and give a cumulative es et, and S SPe

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xxviii INTRODUCTION V.

Tliis device is conspicuous in ali archaio ootry for the Greel constituto Ont an apparent Xeeption ina Sinuchos the Homerio and Hesiodie pios, though tho repressent for A the oginning o Greoli literaturo, are themsolves helowerii a longiovet opinent. In Latin, Lucretius is the last grea poset to semplo alliteration to any noti00able sextent, even Vergil using it ut Paringly. In prose, Xoepting numberii formulatio or proverbia expressions it foem to havo oon intentionali avoldest sexcepi in Tacitus, ho throughout nil his writings rom the Dialossus clown, vince a peculia fondnes fors uel collocations otton using them illi poeta sesso et to emphasigo an antithesis 33, 10, numina fatigarsent, fortissimi ; 42, 22, famam satiani quo 40, 20 formamque ac figuram uerone ac manu ; 0, 23, Subsidium simul et solacium Q 0, 3l, Seditio sine sanguine stetit 39, 17, secreto suo satiatus 34, 29 Silva Saltusquo 1, 4, virtus vicit; 18, 18 victoriani vocabat victos; 33, 12, Vota Virtusque 27, 2, coetibus ac sacrificii eonSpiratione civitatum sancirent douhlo); and spodiat lynote orth 46, 29 Veterum Velut singlorios . . . ignobile - Oblivio Obruit. In antithesis 5, 10 e magna iam a quam ex mala ; 8, 1, Virtute . . . Verecuncti 11 12, in deposcendi . . . in detrectandis 19, 32, Poena . . . Paenitenti. 22, 23, flendere . . . odiSSe 33, 2 Viet Ori-LUS . . . VietiS; l, 14, ne euSatia . . . bSolutu 41, 2 virtutibus . . . Vitii ; 43, 18 Patre . . . Princi Pem.

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ioni o castin his thoughis, his uesign to librate thom stylisticali is

madu manifes by the frequent necumulationi synonym and a certain fullues of expression hiuli subServe the purpos referrei to. In thelater Writings, illi the comparati vel rarer Oeeurronee o libration, thes features a re also no longor o Prominent. The most note vorthy

Tho accumulation of Virtuali Synonymous XPresSionii charaeter- istic os Latin x iter generassy It was primari indue t rhetorica and no raret to rhythmica reasons. In T. Xample are Particularly abundant in the minor ritings, the Dialostus and the Agricola containing ahout the sam numher of inStaneeS, While the Germania, o ingiloubiles toriis scientisio charaeter has ni about one-halios many

1, 2 f. temporibus . . . acta S 3 12, Primo Statim . . . Oriu 3, 27, ΘXnetae notati terminos 6, 23, prima . . . rudimenta 7 6, hoStiliter

populatur 8, 26, brevi deinde 16, 3, innocen . . . ulli delicti S; The the two are euphon and rhythm. See Speciali the amous chapter in Cic. Orat. XLI. 14 ff.

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XXX INTRODUCTION V. 22, , sormidino territi; 22, 6, soliti plerunti lue 7, 23, utSOs in fugam and pertia PS 28, , ad neti per Vini.

2, 21 comitio ac foro but se noto) 8, 28 labores et discriniina 9, 2 conventu ne iudicia G2, 2, caelum et Sidora; lo 20, bellu . . . aritia 21, 1 habitu NOStri . . . toga oo, , fama et rumore; 25, 32;33, 18, manus et arma; 30 17 Proelium atque arma; 31, 12, Verborunc contumelia S 32, 13, ad Spectu et . . . fulgor 30, 8 liabitus oterine ; 40, 12, Viso adspeetoque G1, 22, limite imperii et ripa 45, 4, 0xilia, iugaS.

1, 5, ignorantiani recti et invidiam l, ratio et aetas 5, 27, Voluptates et conmeatuS 5, 6, Sumnia reruni et reciperatae provincia gloriarim, 28, et Silentium l3 ira et victorian 6 1l inter Somnum ac trepidationem ; 29 4 legationibus o foecteribus 30, 24, receSSUS PS ac Sinu famae ; 43, 30 Vulgus . . . et hie populus 4b, 23, vultu et rubor.

4 9, Omnem honestarum artium cultum, sed to voti a doubluattributi Vo.

20. Prolepsis

12, 22, nune per prinoipe nune Principibus per quos ; 15, 20.e quibu legatu . . . Procurator legntUui . . . Proetu'atorem, quibus ille . . . hic 39, 5, ut Domitiano mori erat . . . EXCEPit i Domitianus ut ei mori erat . . . Scepit).

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4 4, senatorii ordinio Se vir); 4, 8, rarae a Stitatis se mulier);16, 23, nulli . . . XPerimenti Vir). O regularib in genitive an lablatives of quali ty 8, 26 4 40, 2b, eonSularem Sc legatum); 8, 29, conmunicabat Sc. cum Agricola); 0, 20, exinde Sc. atque cetera maria); 2, 32 e urgere Sc. Solem); 8, 10 laureatis se litteris);20, 13, ariorum se. ducum); 26, 19, amplexus se bello 25, si cognosuit se Agricola); T. 24, cuius 80. Victoriae); 28 8 liburniens se naVeSh 35 li; Dellerentur Se auxilia ; l, 23, possessione Se . provinciarum ; 42, 12, compositus Sc. Multum 43, 2 loeuti sunt se de morte Agricolao ; 43, 4, Oblitus se amortis); 44, 21, HXeessit se vita), the fuit forni in Tacitus . ni Ilist. IV. 5 44, 22, de imo.

3. Ellipsis rejecti e

5. Ellipsis fisi licles

6. Ellipsis of erbs

a. in Oiny sayin y see in V, et l, , ut inter barbaros sesso Solet 18 7, ut in . . . consiliis seri Solet ;Q0 2l, erodo id iori ;19, 27, nihil . . . agi ; 5, 18, accendere dicebant enim ; 27 25 invium esse putabant Q 0, 8 nullis contra terris positis 30, 15, nullae ultra terrae positae , P. 1, 5; 1, 2 ex eo petuntur 10, 12, unde oriebatur . So regulari nitor unde inde, hinc 18, 1 i PS . . . incedens 13, 2 l, oblivio sequebatur ;'2, 7, nos vidi mUSJ; l l toga adspiciebatur 4 33, 27, fulgores adspiciebanturJ;

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xxxii INTRODUCTION V.

37, 27, spectaculum adspiciebatur 37, 2, ira . . . redit 4 17 6, duces sexstiterunt 20, 14, inultus adfuit 4, 17, hausisse et liausti rum fuisse L 13, 23, agita SS . . . et agitaturvam fuiSSeL 37 20, circumire . . . et circumi8Senty 10 19, hactenus progredi 39 8,

triumphum reportatum . b. The omission of the op tia. Tacitus omit the ins nitit anilindiculive ornas lieneVer PoSSiblo the minor riting furnishing, hoWeVer, ni abo ut One-hal a many instances of this sellipsis a tho Historie and Annals Tli subjunctive o esse, On the ollier haud is in coinparison raret SuppreSSed, and is it S Some ther subjunctite is generali iound in the Same Sentenue thus a void in an possit leambiguity: 3, 24, ni velo ingenio tui SSet . . . fuissent 23, 27, si . . . Pateretur, inventu. 0SSet 24, 16, ubique arma eSSent et . . . tolleretur 35, 14, ingens vietorine i Si Vincerent deeu . . . HXilium, si pellerentur se auxilia ; 6, 20 Parata eSSet . . . et procon Sul

misericors erat : ubi mei satis factum eSSet , nulla . . . PerSolan

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9. Constructio praestri an 8

See note S. h. 44, 30 impleverat, and 44, , minabatur.

1, 6, ut agere digna . . . in aperto erat, ita celeberrimus ut agere, ita Scribere digna in aperto erat, nam celeberrimus)1, 10, plerique . . . narrare, rhitrati Sunt m Plerique . . . narrave

runt idque . . . . S. 3, 18, ut OPPOra . . . Si . . . QVOCRUOri S mut . . . . Si ingenin . . . lente . . . EXStinguuntur quae . .

revoca VerisD 4, 3, locum . . . compOSitum, here se note 5, 23 i. rudimenta adprobavit m . ita Osuit ut . . . dprobaret 0, 21, incere et adteri V. . . . et Vinci eoque adteri 10, 14, Spatium . . tenuatur m S est . . . idque . . . tenuatur 10, 20 mare . . . ra Veremigantibus perhibent ne Ventis, etc. mmare QSSo perhibent ac ne ventish; 2 8 gignit et Oceanu ; 16, 23, alter is manu ; 8, 7, naves d00rant; 8, 10, ita repente inmisit; 25, 29. Britanno quoquo, ete , illi notes ad loc l lxii. Servorum Vilis St, qui etiam On- servis hi librio est Sic etiam . . . famulatu recentissimus quisque vilis est), quare novi OS et viles, etc. 39, 10, Victoriam . . . Celebrari victoriam reportatam esse quae celebraretur 44 6.

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Yxxiv INTRODUCTION V. O many of the 'en est devolo 91nent of Tacitus' style. Asy0 dissidoni and ali ut apriolous in Ire minor Uritin gS, it graduali ni a ture into a systemati devio an is han- illud ith oonsummate si ill to subservo definite rhetorientendS. 1. Concrete sun ad deficio abstraci 4, 8, sinu indulgentiaque 4 12 Sedem ne magistram 20, 2 l, Praesidiis castellisque . . . ratione curaque; 24, 10, Per Conmercia et negotiatores 25, 25, copiis et laetitia ; 25, 6 numero et peritiari 28 7, exemplum et oet ires 30, 20 SPem ac SubSidium 30, 24, terrarum et libertatiS 33 7 a iam . . . rumore aea Stri et armi 30, 8, aemulatione et impetu 37, 11, nocet satietas 38, 15, gaudio praedaque ; 40, 25 materiam et artem.

2. Caseinc preposition a phrase

This is most frequent illi per . 6, 15, per mutuam Caritatem . . Se anteponendo 9, 19, Stentanda Virtute aut Per artem 19, 22, animorum . . . ruden . . . doctu per Xperimenta ; 28, 18, per conmercia . . . mutatione ; 31, 7 f., per dilectus . . . nomine ; 41, 20 f., temeritate aut per ignaviam 46, 25, Per . . . materiam et artem . . . moribus ; 44 9, per intervalla . . . uno ictu ; 1, 12, citra fidem . . . obtreetationi 19, 28 Studiis . . . e conmendatione ; 22, 2 l, omis boni . . . adversu malo iniucundus 31, 10 in tributum . . . in frumentum . . . Silvi 35, 24, Promptior in Spem sirmus adversis Where e note ; 42, 12, paratu Simulatione, in adrogantiam Om-poSitUS.

3. Comparative folio it eu pilositive

4, 20 Vehementiu quam aute Sese note).

5, 20 f. in iactationem . . . Ob Ormidinem 24, 3, in Spem . . . ob formidinem.

9, 25, nullis . . . SermonibuS, Sed quin 10, 2, Non in comparationem, Sed quiΛ.

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