Cato major de senectute; Laelius de amicitia;

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the repetition o causa, hicli is osten est ut in the econ place asin 6, is no oub due to the destre to complete the chiaSinu S.

precari note the omission os aliquid. Supplicare oc alicui. acerbius invehi in Sectari vehementiuS: Chiasmus. - non Satis: not Very '. multaeque e Sunt etc. Inot for multaeqIι aliae resumit etc., but his clause repeat an gi Ves more exacti the genera statemen containe in the word quam infla . . . amicorum.

viri boni etc. it illi seen that in his section Cicero give a peculia turn to the mean in of the sirst opinion of the three bove enumerated. He alae it to impi that a man must at way a Ct illi regardio his friend jus ache ould in his xv case, ut the opinion iseli probabi had regarit notrio action ut o fe eling and implied that ii v ehet Neen friend should e qual It is in his sense that Cic. himselfunderStand ij te opinion in Tusc. 3, 3 praeriarum illati est et, si qua

ris, rectum quoque et vertim ut eos qui nobis carissimi esse debeant aeque ac nosmet ipsos amemus. The opinion in fac was an aias e to thequestion discussedi Aristoti in Eth. Nic. 9 C. 8 πότερον δει φιλειν εαυτb μάλιστα δε ἄλλον τινά an in the word of the ex claus itae sutebat amicitiam paribus voluntatibus. 53 definit: restricis friendship to an equat intercliange of services

an feelings'. exime et exiliter: Mith minutenes and exact-neSS'. - Calculos: properi the ebhles used in the abacus forcotantingi here an account'. f. faeneramur ita I. rationc Ce Piorum cf. CloSel 26, 3I. - datorum the quat Contrast toacceptorum in the langu age of Roman book-keel in i exse/rsorum. The phras accepti expensique rufio a deblor nil creditor account is Common. - divitior : Cic. uses his forna, o ditior, and mitissimus, no ditissimus. - obServare etc. Aristolle Eth. Nic. 8 7 and

8, 3 I lay clown that here is a clas of friendAhips καθ' υπεροχ νWhere there cannoti an equalis Xchange of services. P. 23. - acceperit: subjunc. illi quam A. 332, b MI GO2, 2. - neque enim etc. i. e. f the frientishil be rue ali such sears

sal to the round. -eXCidat . . . defluat . . . Congeratur the meta phors re ali frona meas urin article os commerce.

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59. Se pS n. On te isse. - quibusdam the person heremeant are the is mall-Aoule men' μικρό)ψυχοι describe i h Aristot. Eth. Nic. 4, 3, 35. - eum: LIL'm PDItm. - ille referring tolli fame perSon to hicli eum refers. ad II meen est ut the subjecti est might have been alien tot amicus supplied rom amici in the precedin clause. It a neceSSary therefore t infert a Prono uia, and accor ling o Latin sag the change froni erim to ille a nee led; to res eat is ould have been unusual The foliora in examples reprecisel similar: est. 7 et ad eum Ham eius ad x t ut ille

aliquam parum maeroris Sui dero;teret Prov. ConS. quonam meantvr in eos esse oportet, Dius illi aDitem pro si ore tradi eruit So αυτο and κεινος Often refer in the fame sentence to the fame perSon V. Plato, haedo III ' τα δε ἄθρας αυτοῖ κρασιν χειν

the subject of the verti is the fame a the uiae xpressei subject of the infinitive amare f. 62 2 isSatm. - adctuci: by a conamon diom, positive veri, dicebat must e sul)plied rom ne aba aboUe. putaretur: sc dictum esse. Biante the sayin is ascribe to Bias of Priene by Aristolle Rhet. 2, 3, 23 u heiace ita, ho ne the Rhetori coeli, probabi too it an Diog. Laert. I, 87, ut o Chilon, nother of the even, b Gellius Noct. Att. I, 3, 3 . Thesentiment a pia by Sophoclei into the mouth of Aja x se e m. on θὶ an is repente by Demosth. Aristoc P. 66O. Septem:

on Aemilitim Luscino. - peccet n. on 37 reccati. Sibi: the perRon meant i the Same a the nexpresse Subject of the infinitive cupere and optare. It is ather remarkable to in sibi followingimmediatet on a veri, the subjecti Whicli is a different person. tamquam quali ite the metaphor in a=rsas. - an Sas ad Ohe qualConstruction is 3Isam dare, o praebere alicuius rei. - a reprehendendum for criticism' i is possibi howeve that reprehendendum has here the literat sense to calch holdii' as in Acad. 2, 139 α ocat virtus Te potius reprehendit manu. GO. comparandis so in I, 66 amicilia comparare. - ut ne n on 2 Ie. - minus felice S euphemi Sm for infelices: so mistus iustae in I; nec fac time ira 99. - ferendum Diog. Laert. I, O

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P. 24. - G1. Sine ulla exceptione: attributive. - aut Caput agatur aut fama for the arrangementi the wOrd cf. n. on 8 Iιm

etc. Capetit is statris, O condition regardin civit righis, hicli in the Roman La v a viewed illi referen e to liberi stam libertatis), citi gens hip stat is civitatis , and domestic position status familiae . See Hadley's, o Hunter 's, Introd. to Roman Law. The cases alludedi are those hicli might ea lo demi; titio capitis, the os o civilrights Ili fama lae refere iace is to triat involvin infamia a par of the punishment hicli nna result frona thena. - declinandum devia sit on the nice question o casui Stry hove far ne icto condone the wronidoings of a frienti, Laelius is convenienti vagite, as Gellius in his criticism of this passage Noct. Att. I, 3, 4 complainS. The paSSage hecome the more unSati Siactor when ea back o Laelius' fit si principi in I nisi in bonis amicitiam esse non osse Aristolle 'siliscussion of the alter Eth. Nic. 9 4, 3 is more careful though stillVague Roman pol utar moralit requiret a maia o go much greater tengilis in assistin a frie nil han otii die alio e leven by the popular

tite metaphorica us cf. the old in quoted by Cic. in Fam. I 6 I: u gri quassite Sasere oportet i ferit traim acerrimi/m. blanditiis et assentando it is no osten that Cic. mahes the gerund thus ange illi a notan, though the Sage is exceed ingi common in Tacitus and his contemporarieS f. in . 3, 3 q. 62. Cuiu . . . de amiciti fro in hom entiret proce eded the dis- courSe concerning frien d hi se'. not whose hole disco urse was ffriendShil ' - diligentiores more pa instat ing), i. e. than iniri endshil' . - capras et ovis imitate frona Xenoph. Mem 2, 4,

Signa quaedam et nota tentative translationis the Greeli σημεῖον or κριτ ξριον, hici Cic. et Rewhere render by iudicium Academ saS- sim o nola meret Acad. 2 84 cf. also N. D. I, Iae certa iudicandi

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et assentiendi rosa In en Mem 2 6 Socrates describes the figias that hould ea to the choos in os a triend. - firmi etc. these adjective describe the w oaetvs Vt aet/i iste in the hie par of the

Theognis I9; Aristot Eth. Nic. 8, 3 8 utamur, find'. periclitatis: Sed in a passive sense like meditatus and a large number ofother deponent participies, the sage ein qui te common in Cicero;

honore magistratus notaeSsentiali different rom in Eria fotestates, for hichisee q. P. 25. - obscuratum iri the th in their aut xvit be orgot-ten' l . . in the blage of thei prosperi ty).- amicitia: tiae repetition is made so the salie of emphaSi S. Gq. ubi invenias i. e. si quaeras I ut aliove ubi iuveniemus 'iththe future the se arch is looked i a. likel to tali place, illi the subjunctive a no likely. - quid .in O. - hae ut omittam observe the fondnes of Cici for placita ut second word in the clause

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l many-sideo' et copiosus fuit. Cf. Plato Repub. 397 Ε διπλοῖ ἁνhρ

multiplex in ur passage f. also elow 88. - tortuosum this wor is generali used os complicate logical arguments as in Acad

opent the tengiliis atred ' for vel Cf. 4 vel bellum. - ingenui:

here in the fame sense a in Vergil' line in enui voltus puer in enuiaque sudoris frank'. - OCCultare : Stronger than celare implies deliberate an habituat conceat ment. - Semper. . . violatum the clauseris an explanatio of the ne ord suspiciosum. 56. suavitas P cf. rari Stol. Eth. Nic. 8 6 I. - in omni re: attributive. - illa quidem Se n. n I is quidem. ετ quaestio: ei like the πορία of Aristolle, a problem to e solved. - vetuli S thi Word Suali expreSSe Someth in o Contempt, a When appliedo a Oman vetula).- indigna homine dubitatio in apposition to ali os in Sentenc that precedes; cf. I

6B. Spem afferunt ut: cf. n. On verum est ut in O. - herbi S: here the reen hoot o corn. Seyffert quote Ov. Her. 7, 263 sed nimium properas et adhuc ma messis tu herba est. fallacibus: So Horace, d. 3, I, O cali an uia productive sariri mendax Cf. also Tibullus, 2 I I9 se es eludit messem fallacibus herbis. fructus appareat V. futurus. - illae quidem See above, 66. vetustatis vetustas is osten Sed lone or Peturias amicitiae: f. Acad. I, vetustate amicitiae contrιnctum illa Fam. 3, 32, 2 vetustate

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των με ἐν ἰσότητι φίλων οντων ων δε καθ' υπεροχ. .

P. 27. - excellentiae quaedam certain SuperioritieS' - αερωχαι τινεs Cf. 73 quamvis exce Ias: AriStot illi. Nic. 8, 3 I. grege the word ea iten applied to philosophicat schoois, asin De Or. I, 2 shUosophorum retra, illi hicli ci Acad. I, 34 Iemo et Craces unaque Crantor in Academia congregati TranS. in oti floch. ii I may so cali it'. or ut ita dicam Sed like quasi,

deS son o Paulus Macedonicus, and adopte in to the fami ly of the Fabii Africanus gave mi hi in his hare in the inherit ance of their common ather See Paradoxa S liberalitatem Africa=ii qui Pauli

hereditatis Q. Maximo ira rigarum suam concessit. - Omnin here - no doubi', in deed ', 'it is triae' so in S, here howeve thecontrast is introduce by autem, as in C. by sed an in C. M. 28, TUS C. , Si Sed tamen. -i the insertion iis Pronou was neceSSa , thermi Se the Subject to anteibat might have been supposed tot Africatius, Supplied rom sibi. Suosque omni etc. See Iliberiaitate in Soror . TO. Si note si followed by si the Supposition be in parallel, and no contraste with ach other. ad the been contraSte sive alveo si uin o ut have been nee ded. In ne sentenc in Liv 4, 8, 5 si is thus eight time repeat ed. imbecilliore animo vel fortuna: these are the perSon mentione in ii quibusdam ...fracti'. -

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a NOTES TO LAELIUS. 00

AgeS. 8, 5 Pelop. I, I. - Stirpi et generis: Stocli an fami ly'; the ni difference e in that stirpis i the wider ord of the two. How stigii the differenc is a b seen rom the ollo in passages: Verg. Aen. 4, 622 Stirpem et Euus omne titurum exercete odiis; b. 8, 628 UID Putis omne futurae stirpis ab Ascanim ib. 9 6o Eurum ab stirpe renus et Seneca Oedip. 24 Stirpi invictae gonat interimur Attius o8 Ribbeck summum periclum contaminari stirpem ac misceri

71. Coniunctionisque the co=ωιuctio is the natural 4SSociation produce bya insiti prand the like mentione in I9. - Superiore S for the construction superior esse tu aliqua re f. pro Balbo in omiuere inferior. - non dolere the true friendshi PS, Aristolle says, are re frona offence αδιάβλητοι, Eth. Nic. 8 6, 7 'νεγκλητοι ib. 9, 2, 7 . queant que is rarely used in affirmative sentences by good writers but the sage is eli atteste Within narro limits cf. Tusc. IO8 M. ab De Rep. 2 6 also found in Sallus and Columella. See n. iam M. 32. - odiosum genu Ses in apposition illi pleriq/ι cf. 67, 79. - officia exprobrantium : Seyffert

quote Demosth. De Cor. I νομίo . .. νειδίζειν Ter Andr. I, I, 6 nam istaec commemoratio nasi exprobratio et immemoris bene L Seneca, De Beneficiis , Io 4 in ter rima praecepta et maxime necessaria Sit, ne umquam exprobrem, immo ne admoneam quidem. Haec enim en scis inter duos lex est alter natim oblivisci debet dati, alter accepti numqrtam.

72. Submittere o. tot modest'. Sic etc. i. e. sic cherat ei qui superiores satiat extollere os qui sunt ius riseres.

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hardi eve so stron in meaning S ur Ord despi se', hi chris common ly used to translate t. Se n. O C. M. 43 spreta et contemsia.

the notion o gradation. Potuit . . . non Potuit: f. n. ia 9. In

Tusc. 4, o Rupiliu is sal to have alien his brother' deseat greatlyto eari an Pliny, at Hi St. 7, DI 22 enlarge the tor by akinghim die immediatet oia earing the result of the election. - efficere : facere ovi no do aere, Since facere aliquem consulem meanS to vote for Some ne election a ConSul'. γε corroborati . . . aetatibus ohe con mala o co= roborata aetasis the time o lite immediatet succeedin youth, the καθεστηκυῖα ηλικία o Thucydide ci pro Caelio 4 qua varietate non modo haec aeta sed iam corroborata caperetur The opposite expreSSion is in missimum Iempus aetatis in Acad. 2 9 Flacc. 5. - habere the conStructionis carri edin a though oportet ridica=e de amicitiis o Something similarhad preceded old edd. indeed inSert oportet, hicli S uia neceSSary. In Fin. 2, o quo si dies notandus fuit, eumne sotius quo natus an eum quo sapiens factus est the word oportet notare have to e supplied from notandus In his n. there madui excellenti illustrates theusage both frona Latin and rom Greek. - isto modo: on that

principie'. - nutrice et paedagogi a Rome theSe ere gener- atly laveS.-vetu Stati : n. On 68. - quidem here ConceSSive, I admit', a in I 3. - alio quodam modo n. n 6. more Setc. mores is probabi in the accuSative, Ot, a Lahm. SuggeStS, in the nominative homines Agaribus roribus homines Soerimntur studia is certaini notiatin. Foruli morum similitudo a a neceSSaryconditionis friendShip Cf. IS, 27, 33 mutari ... mores , o alS AriS- tolle Eth. Nic. 8, I, 6 8, 3, 6 8 8, 5 9, 3, 3. - boni. . . POSSunt: cf. IS. - nisi quod: Sed alter negative statemenis to introduce alimitation or exception advig, 442, , ObS 3 G. 592, Rem 3 Η.555 III. I. -diStantia a vox Ciceroniana The wor is in good Latin neve used i distanc in pace. Aristolle severat times diS-

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cusses the question o great a differenc in character orithe circum,tances is require t rende friendShip impossibie. Cf. Eth. Nic. 8, 7, 475. quaedam P m. ni alio quodam . - ne enim : followed by et a se instea os nec for the Stight anaco ithon Cf. 79 Io4. fabulas: n. on O; D Off. 3, 4 ut redeantus ad fabulas. Neoptolemus o Pyrrhus, Son o Achille by Deidamia, aughter of Lycomedes, in os Scyros. He appear in the Philoctete a an ambaSSado to that hero, ithout hos bo it a fate Troy should no fall. Melcher hinks that Cicero here refers to a Scene in clostpla o Sophocle ent ille αι κυριαι. - imPectientem: See n. nC. M. II dividenti. P. 29. - mollisque the que meret connecis injirmus illi mollis an cloe no correspond with the irs et In Cicero and the est writer e and ate do no correspond. Trans si nolint wea and

summarie are osten introduce by atque now', a in Acad. I, 2. - in omni re in ver occaSion'. - iam enim etc. the verae amicitiae o serfectae are sempiterna See 32 an Aristot Etla Nic. 8,

3 7 The questionii the dissolution os friendships a partiali discus sed in a seq. an is considere by Ari Stolle in Eth. Nic. 9, 3.

Sapientium: useo; mi bonorum ac desinet in a I. - volgaris

amicitias these differ oni in degre frona the verae amicitiae, eingbased on a les degre of irrus, Since virtus a cur itate vos i non abhorret 3οὶ, heiace the must not e confounded with the φιλια based on τὸ δ and ρελιμον hici Aristolle so Often discusses Thesel alter friends hips Cicero refuses o deat with; See 38 etc. - oratio delabitur so Io oratio destixit: cf. u. r. I, I, I a praecipiendi

rationi m delapsa est γ atio mea. For the sense also Io is orae com-Pared. tum . . . tum here uret temporal, at ne time, at an

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Sciatis in Verg. Aen. 6, 742. - ut Catonem dicere audivi: in Iliave been tot Cato sed to say' no have eard Cato say'whicli ould requires Metuom or cum diceret Se res On C. M.

admira/ιID. -ctiSSuendae etci mi. O . I, 2 amicitias malis δε-cere censent sustento Ensim dimere quam repente praeci fere elow, Se tinctae potius quam oppressae. Observe mi is in the ne place nil potius in the ther, or hicli f. n. on 27. - exarSerit irom exar-d ceres, the veri exarae re occurring oni in ver late Latin, as in the Vulgate. The metaphorical se is exceedingi common in Cicero; Cf. 29. - Statim ci AriStot Eth. Ni C. 9, 3, 2. PT aut morum aut luctiorum the firSi aut correSPonds to aut

publi Cae partibus i. e. in connection illi political parties'. Communibus: moliaribus in 76. Q. Pompei etc. the grand-father of the Pompeius mentionei in I he alse himself to the con-Sulfhilina a ramus homo in I4 B. C. Erut 96 Verr. 8, SI J. Laelius wa a candidate an Pompeius as sal to have promise Scipio thathe would no stan himself ut suppor Laelius. - Metello a. e. Macedonico, the praetor o I S, ho commande in reec tilio 46, heri he returne and was the leader of the anti-Scipioni party. The quarret, hich was very amotis,tegan with the deSpatchi Mummius, who a connecte With the Scipios, o Command in Achaia. Metelius e came consul in I 3 afte two fallures, an commande against Viriathus Ino 3 he was censor an live illi II 3. Me a an augur heiace of Laelius. et this does no correspond with ac, but

aviter ac modera ea together and orna ne expression. Et an ac domo correspon in Cic. cf. n. na, moVisque. IB. quam ob rem . . . iniuriam D these Sentence SummariZe andem phaticali repea the ense of the two precedin Sections. - ut e XStinctae etc. Cf. . . I. P. 30. - quae agrees illi the last only of the three ord tu moa, male ictu, contumelia . - hono ... tribuendu S, Aristot. Eth. Nic. 9, 3, 5. - omnino : here to sum lookin a thematier a a Whole'. - una Cautio est for the orna o expression Ci Acad. 2, SI Omnium inanium visorum ram desulsio est. In bothl ASSage the verba noui in tio conveys the notion o possibili ty. ut See n. Ο 42. non imo : ut for iudi os apparently because of Qui autem folio ing.