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Aster the distillation of Sulphurio A ther, cari y on the distillation With a less degree of heat untii a blach Doth begitis to rise, then
This Oily fluid is formed in the lalter part of the processsor aether, is instead os adding rectised spirit for a seconddistillation, it be floWly caried on untii the moment whenthe intumescence of the charge obliges the operator toremove the retori Dom the fire. In the rectification ofaether, potass is used for the separation of the sulphurous acid, and also of any of this Oil Whicli has passed over; herethe use of potasS Whicli unites With the oil Would be im- Proper, as the only object is to separate the sulphurous acid, and On this account lime Wλter is preserabie, although the
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292. AETHER. quantity required may be large. This oti is only used as an
ingredient in the compound spirit os aether. It is of a yello colour, tess volatile than aether, solubie in alcohol, and insolubie in Water.
Elixir uitrioli dulce, P. L. 1745.
Tulle of Cinnamon Bark brui sed, three
AEther itself will not combine mitti volatile otis, but, Withthe addition os spirit, as in this instance, it forms a usefulmedicine, Which Was excluded stom the last Pharmacopoeia, but is no restored again.
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Spiritus AEtheris nitrosi, P. L. I 787. Spiritus Nitri dulcis, P. L. 1745.
Mix them very gradu atly together, Douring the acid in to the spirit, an ii tali ingcare that the heat during mixture does notoxceed 12O': then distit, by means of a gentie
The mixture of these ingredients requires espectat caution, and to be very gradually made in the order here directed. The acid is to be added in smali quantities, and the mixtureshalaen after each addition, and allowed to cool before a fresti one is made. The former proportion os acid has been diminished, but it wili stili be found fully sussicient for thepurpose; indeed, it seems formerly to have been increased vithout any very good reason, for Fredericli Ho an originalty used eight paris spirit and one of acid. The preparation os nitric aether separalely is matter of great haZard and dissiculty; processes for it are given in chemical books, butit is not an operation os pharmacy. Ιt seems to hold nitrous gas in solution, Dom the circumstance of iis blackening the Solution os green sulphate of iron; and it usualty contains
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sonae portion os acid, whicli is not directed here to be separated by rectification. The agency of nitric acid iapon alco-hol is similar to that of sulphuric, eXcept that the ne affinities, to which the presence of either acid predisposes,are different. When sulphuric acid is used, water is formedand charcoal separatia; when nitric acid, carbonic acid is formed by iis immediate decomposition, and no Wator.
Spiritus AEthexis vitriolici, P. L. 1 8 I. Spiritus Vitrioli dulcis, P. L. 171 5.
and aether in certain quantities. In the Pharmacopoeia ofII 87 it was produced with Iess precision by the sto and gradual increase of the heat applied to the charge for aether, in Whicli temperature alcohol first passed over unchanged, and was mixed in the receiver With the aether Whicli passedoVer in the subsequent stage, when the heat had increased so as to be sufficient for iis formation.
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SPIRITUS AETHERIS SULΡHURICI COMPOSITUS
COMPOUND SPIRIT OF SULPHURIC AETHER
I ake of Spirit os sulphuric aether, a pirat. Ethereat Oil, two fluidrachm S.
This preparation is analogous to the Liquor anodynω min palis of ΗΟTman, OB. Phs. Chem. Id. ii. Dissert. de Acido vitriol. vinos. Med. Rat. Θst. v. 3.) it is imagined by many practitioners to allay irritation, particularly in severs, more effectualty than any other preparation of AEther, and extensively used for that purpose in practice.
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hy Parmentier A. C.) as a menstruum for substances employ-ed in medicine, on account of iis increased tenden cy to de- composition when these additionat matters are dissolved init. Another objection too may be derived Dom the unequalstrength and quality of Wines sold under one common name. The use of weah spirit as a menstruum has there re been
preferred by him, of Which he thinhs Wine may, is the formbe stili destrabie, he used as a vehicle. Ali these objectionsare certainly weli Dunded, but the generat and established practice is in favour of iis use, and it may be ad ded, that the properties of medicated Wines, although certain changes may take place during their preparation, are sum cientlyestablished by experien ceu The College have also defined thesori of Wine they employ Sher more distinctly than thegenerat term Spaniih et ite mine did in the former Pharmaco. poeta,
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Vinum Aloes, Ρ. L. 1787. Tinctura sacra, P. L. II15. Tinctura Hierae, P. L. I 72O.
On the revision of the Pharmacopoeia in 1787, the timeos digestion and other circumstances relative to this preparation were established by experiment With a great deal os
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Tinctura Thebaica, P. L. II 15. Laudarium liquidum Sydcn-hami, P. L. I 20.
The degree of narcotic power of this preparation is Nearly the fame as that of the ordinary Tincture of Opium, Domwhicli it differs, in Laving the Extraci for iis basis, in the addition os aromatics, and in the vchicle employed. I staled
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iliat the Extraci os optum feemed to produce Iess consequent affection of the nervous System than crude Opium, and the fame effect seems further to be obviated by the aromati cswhicli are here joined to it. It is a composition of the fame articies but in different proportions, as the Tincture thebaica, of Ρ. L. I 745, and as the celebrated liquid Laudanum of Sydentiam ; now this is stili in use, and it appears topossess such advantages by the modification of opium ita rds, as to justise iis restoration to the Pharmacopoeia.
This preparation is now introduced, because it is a medicine usesully and extens Vely employed in practice.
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VINEGAR, or rather the acetic acid, distilled Dom it, is found to promote the solution of the active principie of squili, Colchicum, and some aromatics, beyond any agency of the water alone With whicli it is mixed.