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Tinctura Myrrhae, P. L. 178 . P. L. 1745. Tinctura Myrrhae simplex, P. L. 1720.
A simple tincture of opium Was first introducod into the Pharmacopoeia of 1787 Selected common opium is now
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TINCTU RES.nsed instead of the purisiud optum there directed. It is onlywhen opium is in a state os dryness Suffcient to be reducibieto powder that it can be uniform in iis strongili, for in iis ordinary state it contains an une luat quantity of mater; but stili the crude optum contains insolubie matter, and the differ- ence in the quantity and consequent strength of the tincture of I78I, has been justly stat ed to be nearly as 3 to 2. The difference in the mode os administration for this active preparation, and the substitutiora os divisioris of the fluidounce fordrops, which have commonly been considered as SynonymouS, Justised in the fir si instance this diminution of Strength.
Tinctura rhabarbari, P. L. II ST. Tinctura rhabarbari spirituosa, P. L. II 45. Tinctura rhabarbari, P. L. II20.
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Tinctura rhabarbari composita, P. L. II8I.
This mixed menstruum extracis more of the purgative quality of the rhubarb than the former, and the root itselfis also in greater proportion; they are both retained Domthe former Pharmacopoeia. The quantity of proos spirit isnow increased to a pint, and that Os Water diminished to two fluidounceS.
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Tinctura serpentariae, P. L. 1787. P. L. I 745. Tinctura Serpentariae virginianae, P. L. II EO.
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Tinctura valerianae, P. L. II 8 T. Tinctura valerianae SimpleX, P. L. II15.
AMMONIATED TINCTURE OF VALERIAN.
Tinctura valerianae ammoniatae, P. L. 178 I. Tinctura Valerianae volatilis, P. L. II45.
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Tinctura Zingiberis, P. L. II 8I.
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der the aether in the bottona of the receivor
To the liquor Whicli rem alias in the retori /
--; and repeat the distillation in the famu
m anne P. The object of these directions is to obtain the largest quantity of aether, and to place it under circumstances in Whicli it may forna at Once, Without any of that previous distillationos spirit, Which happens during the time that the miXtureis gradually acquiring the temperature necesSary to the formation os aether. The directions given in the texi aresum cient, but it may be uses ut also to describe the changes whicli the materials undergo in the process. Is equat quantities of alcohol and sulphuric acid are mixed together atonce, a heat of 160' is produced, and an abundant VapGurivitii an ethereal smeli aris es. Is the mixture be made gradu atly at intervalS, so that the increase Os temperatiare Produced may not exceed i 20' at any time, this logs do es nottake place. Is such a mixture be gradu atly heat ed, part of the alcohol distiis over unchanged ε, is heat be produced atonce equat to 180', the mixture wili boli, and aether wili beformed and pass over; but in order that the liquid it self may more speedily attain this temperature, the sand in whicli it is immersed should be ho iter. When nearly half the weight of the alcohol has passed over in aether, or the aether is tot he alcohol ag l,O0 to 2, 28, the sulphuric acid begins to bedecomposed, whi te fumes are Seen in the retori, sulphur- Ous acid manifests iis eis, and a stratum os a heavier liquorbegiris to form under the 5rsz in the receiver. The re
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sulphurous ethereat liquor, called oil of Wine, are sermod, and no more aether. The. miXtUre then riSes to a temperature of I9O', the charge becomes blach, much carburetted hydrogeia gas arises, With carbonic acid, Water and sulphur- s acid ; and the dense charge Dom Whicli it issues swelis up Dom the copious extrication of gas, and without the retort be immediately removed Dom the sand heat it botis over. The residue consisis chiessy of sulphuric acid, blackened and thichened by carbon. The aether Whicli passes over depends Upon a neW arrangement of the elements of alcohol, determined by the presence of sulphuric acidand a certain temperature, and Ghil si it cloes pass, thesulphuric acid is not decomposed : herace, by arresting the process when ali the aether has passed, and adding a fresti quantity of spirit, it Will stili, though someWhat diluted by tho mater whicli has been formed, be equat to iis conversioninio aether.
AEther vitriolicus, P. L. 178 I.
Tahe of Sulphuric aether, foui te en sui J
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untii thoy a re mi Xod. Lastly, by means os a temperature of aho ut si ρ, distit over i vel veo unces of recti sed aether frona a large retortinio a Cooled receiver.
Ether is impregnat ed With some sulphurous ac id, as is evident to the smeli, and with sonae aethereat Oil; and th erequire a second proces s or rectification to separate them.
Potass, Whicli is ad ded in a state of solution, and in sum cient quantities for the purdose of neutralizing it, unites to theacid, and it also fornas a soap With the oil; it is ad vantageousalso to uSe a less quantity of Water than exisis in the ordinarysolution os potass, and there fore the present directions are
preferred to it, and it has also lately been proposed for thepurpose of Wholly getling rid of Water combined with theaether, that solid potass should be used in prefercnce. Thesi si admixture Should be flowly and cautiousty made, an dasterwar Is the liquors should be shaken together, that the pot-aSs may be brought into perfeci contact With the acid. Therectissed aether thus obtained will be to the alcohol originaltyemployed as i to 3. AEthor is lighter than alcohol, with astrong peculiar smeli and taste; it volatiliges at 112', and dries the moment it is polired upon the hand, whicli is theordinary test of iis goodnoss; on this iis evaporation it produces a considerable degree of cold. It is readilyinflammabie, and burias With a White flame ; and one partis solubie in tun paris of w ter. Is pure, iis bolling potiat