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are soon sound to exceed a hundred. Henee it solioWs, that itis in the blood that we are to Most for the cause and the mode of that natural life which is Dd and continued in the body and in the
64. Lut inasmuch as the blood emisis and subsisis Dom somany substances and elements out of the kinydonis of this mundane system, the qualities of which are hitherio unknown, there is nohope os perfectino a science of the blood. Let it be granted, that the severat paris of the red blood comprise salts of eachkiud, and ut the fame time a fluid of the highest purity;let it also he granted that these severat constituenis readi lycoalesce, and that each occupies iis relative place in the exactest Order; nevertheless, is We continue in profound ignorance of What that spirit is Whicli is indigenous to the blood, What is the nature of the fixed and volatile salts, kc., and What the maniter in Whicli the paris in so smali a spherule arerespectively conjoined, must not Our ignorance Os the nature of the essentials concent hom our knowledge the nature also of the accidenis, and must not the part itself together With the wholoremain involved in obscurity 3 Whenever there re We say that we know this or the other component to exist in tho blood,
incomprehended 3 When a name Whicli is given to any un-known quality becomes familiar to us, We are apt to thinii, aftera frequent use of it, that we clearly understand the nature of
Ι there re, We have any destre to hecome acquainted With tho more interior qualities of the blood, me must institute a scrutinyinto iis constitueriis individually. 65. Mithout emptorino in genus, in species, and in their severat paris, the nature of the mundane auras. What the auras effectin any animal appears froni the consideration, that Without auras, it could net ther as a Whole nor as to any of iis paris Sub
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Si St, or move; thnt Without auras, tho sense of hearing could distinguisti nothing, tho oye could discern nothing; nothinget ther in respect os magnitude or form could be held in connectiori ; every Species of liquor Would be torpid, even that Which Wo preeminently cali the animal liquor, and the veryblood itself, Whoso modifications are in consormity With those of the auras. When Leui1Wonhook examined blood possessing much crystalline liquor, and placed in One of his tubes, and carriod it into the open uir at a time When there Was a pretiystrong Wind, he Observed that the globules Wore agitatod, like the air itself, by concussions and mutuat motions' n. 29).Τhat even the organs of the senses have received a Conformation in correspondeiice With the states of the modification of the auras, is a faut Whicli is perfectly Woll known Dom tho Structure of the ears und eyes. Consequently, it appears to buOWing to some circumfluent and interfluent aura, Or ether, thattho individual particles of the blood are permanently held
any diminution of their motion. For Dom the moment theblood docti nos into a state in Whicli it censes to rotain iis higher Rura, preSerVing OΠb an air of Some grosser quality, it begitisto die, to separate Dom the serum, to be converted into clo aud to descend through states successively lower utitit it arrivos at putridi ty; in a Word, utitit it has ceased to be alivo. Buthere the question arises, What is uir, and What is ethor r66. The air and the ether, Dom What I have been led to
i Orce or gravity; that is, from a centre to the circumferences belonging to it, or Dom these circumseretices to the centre; SOthat One and the fame pari can bu in the centre, in the radius,
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in any circumferetice belonging to the centre, Or in a thousandos cach at the fame time. Os these auras, Sueli RS are theparis, Such are the VolumeS, and Such as are the Volumes, Suchis the entire atmosphere; so that a part of any atmosphere isits smallest volume. Τhey are moreOver, as it Were, the larces of nature in their forms, to aci as Which they have a constant tendency. Such is the manner in Which they constitute thecircumfluous regions of the mundane System. But a question
again arises, What is the Origin Of the air and the ether, and what tho differetice belWeen them Τ67. When the rationes mitid, Dom the essecis presented totis notice, institutes an analytices inquio into their causes, it noWhere finds them, excepi in a subordination of things, and
Which We have ouly the fame idea, is but prescribing SO many ultimate boundaries to the human intelleci, and destroying allchain os connection belWeen consequents and their antecedents. The forces of nature and the substances of the mundane
SyStem pOSSe88, not One, but many distinet spheres of activitnone under the other, euch of Whicli terminates in iis own proper unity. Should any one of the inferior spheres bu dissolved or peristi, the Superior Spheres nevertheless Outtive thedissolution; sor Whenever the essect perisbes, stili the cause Survives; thus Whenever air censes iis eXistence, the ether furvives; When the red blood censes, the Spirituous substance furvives; and When the bOdy dies, the foui furvives. Whatis superior may exist and subsist Without What is inferior, as the parent Without iis Ost spring, the substance Without thesubject in Whicli it resides. The converse hoWeVer cannot obtain. Would Wo know there re What is the uir and what theether, We must distribute the auras into their severat degrees; for example, into degrees, Superior and inferior, Or prior and posterior. Those Whicli are superior and prior are also more
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by the respiration of the lungs; by sound ; by the organ of hearing, and an infinite variety of other things. Τhat there is such an atmosphere as ether is proved by the science of optics; by the organ of sight; by color, light, and shade ; by the exhaustion Of the receiver of an stir-pump; by the vast fide os insensibie effluvia surround ing us, and penetrating Vitreous and metallic bodies; by the forms and connections of the minutest atoms, ke. That there exist almospheres stili tess compotin dis proved by physiology; by the organigation of the internalsenses; by the mutuat relation existing botWeen the internaland externat senses, and their dependenue One upon the Other; by the magnetic properties of things ; by the fluxions and orbiis of tho celestiat hodies; by vortices; by physico-aStronomicat science; by the correspondeiice betWeen the gravities of hodios and their forces; by the causality of essecis; and by the use ofanalogues RS adopted by Ontologi sis. Withous, hoWever, that experimental knowledge to Whicli Ihave before ad Verted, We cannot venture to explain the qualityos ench nurn excepi in some suci, generat ternis as the folloWing; sis that the ether n. 67ὶ, for instance, is prior to the air, more universia, leSS Compounded, and more persect; that the aura' is Os an Order superior to the ether, and so sorth. But enough
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I thinh has been said concerning the auras, So far as they relate to the blOOd. 69. The aquesus elemenis, the olla, spirit' the salts whether 'ed, volatile, or essentiai. These ali have existetice in the
70. In Our investigations into their nature, let iis begin With common sali, as standing at the head of the family os salis. Experience informs us, that the individual particles of sea salthave their birili in the water, or betWeen the particles of the Water, Whicli are in Shape rudely spherical, SomeWhat hard, and of themselves ulmost inert.' This being admitted, it folioWs, that thuy aro in the form of the interstices existing betWeen the particles of Water; or that they are diminutive cubes, havingsix sidus and eight angies; as also that these fides have a concavi ty -8Wering to the convexity of the particles of Water Surrounding them. LeeuWenhoeli Observed in the transparent liquor in Whicli the red globules sWim, certain hodies of nquadrangular sigure, Which he consideren to be saline particles' n. 29 . To this evidetice may be added, Dom the fame Ruthor, tho interesting descriptions and delineations severyWhere to be und in his Episties) both of the common salis and Others of a
7I. Is the eight an gles above mentioned, and Whicli in their native state in the Water cohere and are continuous With theangles Os the proximate saline litile cube, are brohen Osr, there result SO many pyramids, each having Dur Solid angi es, and three fides possessing euch a like concavi ty us besore. Henceresuit the pure acid' Whicli, When dissolved in fluid mou-
The reader is recommended to consuli SWedenborg's Prodromus Principiorum Rerum Naturalium, Amsterdam, 1721, Where he Will find a more fuit descriptionos the generation of the particles of common sali in the interstices of the particles of mater, together With figures representing the former particles, their adaptation to the sphereses of water, their potnis Os fracture, &c. &c. &e. SwedenbOrg's vlews of the composition of the blood-globules Will be betier underStood by a reseretice tothe plates in this Prodromu8.- Tro
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Smaller paris, in the Dregoing manner, or comminuted by anychemicat, naturat, or artificiat proce8S, We then have quadrangular and triangular solids of a shape similis to the precedin g, but Amalter Or less compotanded, and constituting, for the most pari, the class os volatile aerial salis. 73. Is again the particles of these volatile aerial salis bessivi ded into similar paris stili more minute, there arise the m08t volatile ethereal salis. Henco the render may perceive that Salisare divisibio into three generations, families, degrees, Or OrderS; and that tho salino particles, of Whatever Order, me nil Similarly cubical or pyramidai; that they are ali hard or inert cor-ΡHSCUOS, neVer moveable One among the other Without the aid os Pither aqueOus Or atmospherical substances; that they are os themselves fixed, and have a tendency to impari a fixodness toother things; that they are net ther expansite nor elastic; and that they tempor in disserent mannors the fluidity os active substances. But the salts Whieli are of the superior degree, aremore uni Versat, tess compounded, and more perfeci than those
Whicli are of the inserior. The conceptions to be formed os them Severat ly must be perfectly distinci, and must be expressed by disserent WOrdS. 74. From salts of the ultimate degree Or class, Or those first mentioned n. 70, 71), by means of the interposition Os aqueous elementS, Ruras, olis, and spiriis, 'ed salts of every kiud areformed; also every kind of aikaline, acid, and essentiat salis,
the spocific disserenoes of Whicli are Without number. 75. From salts of the secoud degree Or Class Or those referred to in n. 72), oiis are producen and conglomerated. These Salis constitute the superficies of the paris of the Oils, Whichsaris are Spherical, the ether occupying their internat cavity. FrOm these again, according as in disserent manners they coalosce With the fixod salis, arise those urinous, yrora Su hursu' pinguedinous, nitrous-aeriai, and Other Substances, Whicli are tobe found in every veget te and animal. 76. From the salino elements of the srst Order or class sorthose mentioned in n. 73, which are fluent in the ether), theroariSe viriis, Which also consist os spherical particles, Whose superficius is occupiod by the besorementioned elemenis, and their interior cavities by ether. Τheso spiriis are there re as it
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ing to iis mode os coalition With the other substances With Whichit is combined. 77. The particles of olis and spiriis are of the fame dimension and diameter With those of Water, for they are composed of the primitive elements of common Salis, Whenoe they derive forins having a like magnitude With that of the particles of
the particles of liquid substances; and When these particles arctfittest to the hollow sidos of the saline particles, and are RS it Were potared into them, there arises a convexity in the liquid particle a118Wering to the concavi ty of the Saline. 78. FrOm these considerations it is olear, that by help os a perfeci chemistry, sueti as that Whicli is exercised by nature, and whicli consisis in buing en led out of anything to producennything, We may, out of one compounded Sali or a quantity os primitive salis, by help of distillation, sublimation, rectification, circulation, sitration, commixtion, digestion, precipitation, Or
79. Such then are the principies on Whicli I have very briestydescanted, of Salis, Oils, and spiriis, so far as I have been ableto deduce them Dom the experimental sciences in generat. This doctrine of salis however, considering that it is os suci, exalted utili ty, and that it requires for iis fuit developinent such im
Whicli meriis a separate treatiso. Thus much hOWexer lime Wethought it requisito to state concerning the acti Ve and paSSi Ve, the simple und compotand substances of the mundane SyStem, Or, the auras and salis in their relation to the blood. Lot us110W proceed to their accidenis.
80. To this que must add a knowle e of the causes of heat, μ' sume, colit. Τhe real and verit te animal life imparis tothe blood a certain kind of heat, Whicli is proper to the bloodalone, and is intimately contained in every portion Os itS strue- ture ; but it is there as a blaud, benignant insuetice, gently Warm- ing the viscera, and Lindling the sires of the litile laboratorios
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rituous fluid, Whenoe arises a firmer cohereΠce, and a quietierand more efficacious larce of acting upon the contigia Ous paris. But again, Whence is heat 3 It proceeds DOm the contremiscetice of the salino-volatile paris both of the sirsi and socondorner; SO that a contremiscenee of theSe puris, in Whatever Substance it arises, creates also ut the Same time a similar contremiscenee of the auras Or spirituOus fluid. 82. For nothing is a more ready excitant of heat than the volatile urinous salis, Auch us exist in Sulphurous, bituminous, reSin OuS, Cerous, pinguedinOUS, Oily, SpiritHOUS, nitrous Sub-Stances ; HSO in Veget les, and in the meteorio substances Osthe atmosphere. Αgain, nothing is more calculated to promote
Τremiscentia.' Unde est y Acceptum ferri contremiscentiae partium salino-volatilium tam primi quam Secundi Ordinis; quare eSt causa, quodcunque illa, et cum illi8 auras aut fluidum spirituosum contremiscere facit.
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it, than the auras, and the spirituous fluid Whicli emulatos thoirnniure. Consequently nothing excites it more east ly than thoblood, in Whicli reside the volatile urinous Salis Or Sulphurous Substances Hready mentioned, as also the spirituous fluid, Whichis in a state os intimate union With the blood. Genuine heattherelare increases With the quantity of spiritu us fluid, and of the volatile salts aloined to the spirituous fluid, as me find tobe the case in the season Os youth; it decrenses again With the decreasing quantity Of these substances, as in the case of Oid age; it varies according to the various states of the blood, produced by a variety of causes; it is perpetuated by means of the continuat resolution and coalition Of the paris of the blood, as Whon it circulates Dom the arteries through the Veius, capillarytubes and si bres; as Woli as by the continuat exercise of theblood caused by the bratus : thus the heari and the brain bytheir united operations vivify the heat. Is the poWder of driod crassamentum ' says Gulielminus, be thrown into tho flameos a candie, it instantly catches sire like resin, and explodes With a nolse nnd cruckling, Whicli is the effect of salis; givingriso to tho inferetice that sulphur is preSent in the Watery portion of the blood, and this, in a very subtile and volatile form. . . . The blood of yOung persons is holter thati that of tho old. . . . The blood Os Oid persons is more Vapid, Ac.V n. 32, ud sn )83. As the successive generation Of salis is threesold, soalso the efficient cause of heat in the blood, and the lidat itsolsthetice derived, are of a three ld Origin, degree, and nature. For I. There is an extremely mild heat, Whicli the volatile ethereia salis produce interiorly in the plano-Oval Spherules. 2. There is a stronger heat Whicli is proper to youth, Which is also sensibio to the Deling or touch), and Whicli the insinuated urinous uerint salis produce in proportion as they excite the sphe-rules in generat. 3. Lastly, there is an immoderate febrile heat, Whicli talius place When any integral part of the blood, or any
volume of iis paris, hom Some cause, generalty externat, isthrown into a tremulous and hurri ed motion, more impetuousthan is naturai. 4. Within these three degrees of heat lies concealed, as their internat principie, the activi ty Whicli is pro- per to the animal spiriis, Whicli is not heat such as that of Whichthe externat senses are cognigant, but Whicli is the life or origin
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Of heat; or rather, an attribute Os liso, and a forcu Whicli is a necessary adjunci Os animal nature. Consequently the SeedSof heat aro inWardly latent in the activity of lisu. Bul in What manner these seminal principies, distinctly one Om the other, reside Within and actuato tho individunt paris os the bl ood, cannot be comprehended, unless it be sirst shev n in What manner the spirituous suid, the plano-oval spherules, thevolatile ethereat salis, as Weli as the aeriai and fixest salis, Occiapy their proper and appotnted place in any globule of blood. 84. Τhat fre, gloWing and luminous, arises Dom the disen-gagement of the paris of the auras, and Dom the excitation Ofthe paris thus liberaled into their natural gyration; and that
ment : and ns the knowledge of one opposite may be derived om the knowledge of the other, We may heiace deduce thenature os coid. It may thus be Seen that nothing reat exi sis in heat, sire, flame, or cold, since they are Only the assections and qualities of trembling and gyrating Substances, Or On the con
85. And color' together ivith ali the other subjecis of emperimental chemistry and physios. For natural blood distinguishesitself Dom iis circumfluous serum by iis redness, and this to agrenter degree in the arteries than in the vetus. This distinctionis of one Liud Whilo the blood is p ured into the lungs Dom thuright fide of the heari; of another, When, after meeting the nisiit is returning to the lest fide of the heari; of another, When it distributos itsolf by the internat carotid and vertebrat arteries, after receiving the purer vapors supplied Within iis Lingdom; ofanother, as it is dropping Dom the gland s of tho livor into the gall-bladder: in a sucking insatit it differs hom the distinctionObservabie in adolescetice; in adolescence it dissers Dom the one Observabie in manhood; and so on throui the states os old ageand sinat decropitude; for the blood, as it successi Vely passeSthrough the various ages os lise, so it successively declines Doma rigorous to a V id state. The distinction is also disserent in disserent states of sickness, Whether of body Or of miud; asWheu tho blood is colored With bile, or grOWS crude in conSe-