Caesar in Gaul, with introduction, review of first-year syntax, notes, grammar, prose composition, and vocabularies

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4s. Indirere Diaeo se e renuel conditio 1 Sente ea. a. Condition with the Indicative in Indirect Discourae, a Io.

Caesar, BookI, haptem 5 34 Change ac of the followin sentences into indirect discourae, irataster Icit, and then after dixit:

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INFINITIVR AS SUBIECT

EXAMPLES Iaa eat, it is miratturpe est, it is aeta ara I

I. I. It is no necessarydor est me Belgians in conspire against me Roman eopte a The were imWillinila in Germans o wellionger in Gaul. 3. Caesar is able to ensist two neW legions. 4. CaeSarses that he was able to sen Labienus o leta these legion into Gaul said that me Remi mere ready both to ove hostages an is do his comma f. . e canno prevent the Suessiones from 'mining common cause missi them. . The Belgian were ableto prevent me Germans minenter g into mei territory. . It istrue that Galba is no aing.

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ΙΙ. The Remi mere able is seno ambassadors to Caesar in fas that in ita nesther made common cause With the offer aut nor com ire against me Roma pmple, and were ready to assis With grainan other supplies' that ali in other aula were in a s and thatrio even the Suessiones could e revente Dom misin common us With stem.

M. The Participis, Da 19.

a. enses,4 167. β. Adjective an Predicate Ses 3 22Ο a , 22 I. e. The Ablative Absolute, g II7, II 8. 5. Certain tenses an uses of the Englis participi are Wantingin Latin ascis seen in the fosso in comparison:

Hence, in Such a sentence a Me stilisthim as he was Ooluctivos Mi , me present participle, noueritam sincerit exist also in Latin, ingens may be translate literassy, eum regentem με occidisint. But in the absence of the present satasive participis, e Cannot translate literalty Me Mi tale Minguia duae meme setaeae, but must inpres me idea in somemthe way, as for example, by a clause, istis Me meme Min viriticuae, dum Gguntur. Similaris me anno translate literalty by means os a pari actio Participis, Me Romans, flavin unu sed Meir Mi , ius ΜΠ ; ut musteXPreS the idea by a clause, cum naisa Moment, misen flora viri curraeir Mi , o by an ablative absolute, nisibus ineris, Miroi Ἀarinae been avia sed, o by some offer formis statem L

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43 LATIN COMPOSITION

G. The place of the missing participies in Latin is mos frequenm supplied by the ablative absolute, ut it is to e note that this

constructio canae sed only when iis substantive refers to a persono thin no elsewhere mentiones in the Same sentence For examPle,

do not translate Caesar, harin captured Me somn burneae itinc--T, oppid6 capra, id incendit, here id and oppid referri the fame mi , butuatheri caesar oppidum captum incendit. But in Caesar, harinae a ured Me somn burneae rarium D the ais live absolute may be used as, caesar Oppio capra, templam incenare. 47. In translatin Englis sentences into Latin clauses of Lmae,

cause, condition concession, etc. are osten est rendered by a pari,cipiat construction; Seeri 22Ο a . EXEMISE

I. I. Caesar encourages the Remi, and ordem that the chil ore hebrought to tam achos es. a. ' When he had give these coninian . he dismisse them hominim. 3. Afieri sis that the Belgians hactbeen collected into one placerand were coming against him, he hasteriectis pitta camp. 4. Havin statione a mar mere, heraei Sabiniasi it si legions. s. When they have thrown a multitude of men a ut

vir the walis, the will approata me gales. 6. Afier burning ali meis villages, themhastene against Caesar' camp. 7. When they have laici aste me elds, the wil pitta camp. 8. They lest two legion in caminandiremumthe ther legions in lineis haltie. II. anthe place in front of the cammis suit te for dra ingrum line of batile, Caesar il est lis a fortis each side of the his, sotha me enem ma not surround his men) byssi tingimine flantis Israe hould statio the legion in lineis batile in front of the camo, me enem Would aeta thei forces out os cammand dra. them,

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V. The ferundise, Da 24. s. The Passive Periphrastie conjugation, Daas a.

Io. The Datis of the Apparent Implied ingent k87

51. Intransitive Verba in the Paaais Volce, g 83. a. M. The passive periphrasti conjugation denotes hat must be or

hat ouis sorae, an is always passive Therefore, is his constru sono used Sentences no Hready passive must firsi e cast in the passive form for example, to translate Caesar mustulis the sima We must recas the sentence to the signa mustrae isen F Caesar, camari aignum dandum eat.

53. Since me passive of an intransitive ver is always impersonal φ 66), the passive periphrasticis suta a verbius M sed impensonalty henc me gerundive of an intransitive is always neuter singula in form. The case that the ver govem in the active is relatae in the passive for example, Me cannot e seraeuaricis rendere hy ei permactri non poteat lit it cannot e seraeuaridio Mem); thermus beseraeuaritis renderedi eis perinfidendum eat Et is must be persuaderio Mem). EXEMISE

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tis the cit by tormior ros in riser, the decide that it Washest notrio ait longer, and hastineo to rerum home 'men Caesarhad te ne this thinc, he purine them an miles an AleW agreat number' of them 'in thei fi M

NOTE. In the genitive and the ablative mithout a repositio the gerundmantis a direct object as, vidua Pistulam acri MI, desimus os et riun a Duemon ther cases the gerundive constructio is preferreo, an may heused even here, as cupidus epistulae acribendae. The translation is exactiythe fame a for the gerund.

II. IDCaesar his marched acros the river, he would have attachecles the Nervii and thei ne Mors, hom the had persuade toaWait the coming of the Romam. The Belgae thought that heremota not be any mutae in attachin the Romans inde theirpatas. VJ Du,' the say, V attach inali attach the fini legion tale the offers are a great distanc away the other legion Mil not

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M. Relative Pro una, 437. 57. Demonstrative Pro una an Adjectives, Da 34 and a, 135. a. Hic late, an illa potat ut a person or his definitet in Place or time. Their relation to the spe e may be representeographicali inus: hic lato ille

I. I. Η says that the made heir own Ups after his fashion. a. me his hic the used ere made is endure an violence haraomer. 3. They annot he harmed. 4. I he had waite forme fleet, the mul have been harmed. 5. Brutus, had been in command of the fleet, adopte this planis batile. 6. Caesar sentsoldiera 'tonis these inipsi sto . . When his wariis finished, in Veneti mill surrende themserues an ali mei possessions in Caesar. 8. I Caesar had tinen therio ni stom me Veneti,ould have surrendere themselves an ali meis possession*. II. When Caesar had ahen severa towns by tom, and ad not Me able totam me enemy, he determineo to est for the fleet mathad been assigne in Brutus. When this assembled, at fidit it, meis ciear in Brutus ina planitiatile hera vid adopi, for Mane.

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LESSON XXIV

NOTE A prepositiona, ante and Post either precede the numera o Manahe,een it an ita noun a advertis, the either precedem foll- the noum

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II. Before Caesar set out for Britain, he sent a ad Volusenus and Commius, homine thought to e sultatae for this bus eas. Volvisenus id notorus himself to the barbarians, an returne in ive clys Commius, faithful to Caesar, and whos influence in these regiona was great, urge the states 'to submit to the protectiono the Roman eople, an sal that Caesar' legions ould quickly

me mere. Ablative absolute. dum it the subjunctive 3 I98. III. b. ' Relative clause of Pu Oge.

NOTE. Appi as a genera principi the rule that the relations o placeare expresse by repositions it thei prope cases, ut that ames of --ns and domu omit the preposition.

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62. The sinitive, a a The ossessive Genitive, k73. b. The Genitive of ateriai, 3 79. e. The Genitive of Description, g 77. d. The Partit e Genitive Genitive of the mole),4 6 and a. e. The Subjective enitive 3 5. a. i. The objective enitive 3 5. b.

NOTE. Wit cardinal number an quidam the ablative .it eis ociaused instea of the partitive genitive: quattuor ex HelistiIs, fotimo Me nemin