Eclogues; edited with introd. and notes by Wilfred P. Mustard

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IMITATION O THE ECLOGUES 51

laudabile carmen omnem operam totumque caput, Silvane, requirit,

pannoSOS, macie affectoS, farragine pastos Aoniae fugiunt usae, contemnit Apollo.

Ecl. VII, 27 is quote in Abraham Fraunce's Latin comedyVictoria c. 1580), 56,

nam Paris Iliaca tria numina vidit in Ida;

and the fame play 50 191 3 repeat the vult non vult o Ecl. IV, 23, and the cludit Amor sensus V of Ecl. I, 48. Another Cambrid ge play, Pedantilis 37 borrow the PhraSe ivineros vibrare natesque, ' fro Ecl. IV, 230 an a third, entille Fucus, II, 2, 32, repeat the semel insanivimus omnes V o Ecl. 1, 18. 'In Rober Greene' Orpharion eo. rosari, XII, 22 We have an unuSua versio of the stor of Orpheus and Eurydice

His authorit for his it os mytholog was probabi Mantuan Ecl. IV, 178-179:

potuit, si non male sana fuisSet, Eurydice revehi per quas descenderat umbras.

In 595 e have three V pastorali eglogues FrancisSabie, entille Pan's iste The irs of these is practically

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32 INTRODUCTION cento made u fro the firS four eclogues o Mantuan. y An in the hird, Damon' dittie V of the V statet progeny of eardsmen V is a paraphrase of Ecl. VII, 9-39. 'In Milton' Lycidas, 128-129,

there seem to bera echo o Ecl. IX, 141 - 147, mille lupi, totidem vulpes in vallibus istis

lustra tenent,

factum vicinia ridet nec scelus exhorret nec talibus obviat ausis;

and the abrupi close of the poem.

remind one o Mantuan' closin line, IX, 232,

Candide coge pecus melioraque PaScua quaere.

O Paradis Lost VI, 871 Nine Jay the fell. V the commentator might perhaps quote Ecl. II. 112-114,

immo Satanum pessimus ex illis quos noctibus atque diebus ter tribus in terras fama est ex aethere lapsosas et a the descriptionis the fallis the Titans in Hesiod The influence of Mantuan' Eclogues in siXteenth-Centur 'ν German would e an interestin subjeci, ut that must beles to ome ne ullo has CCes to the necesSar bookS. Some traces of it a be ound in the Latin eclogues of Eobanus Hessus and Euricius Cordus. Eo anus could laim tot a pionee in the German feld: primi Latias in Teutona pascua Musas i ducimus, ' Idyl

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IMITATION O THE ECLOGUES 53VIII, 2-3. δ' In his hir sol quote above, p. 33 his Shepherd discus the respective merit of Virgil an Mantuan an in his Adnotationes o the Bucolic an GeorgicSof Virgil he pay some attention to the later bucolic riters -among them Petrarca, Pontanus, Baptista Man

Montibus his mecum quondam Philereme, solebas Pascere, et alternis noStras concentibus aures mulcere, ete ,

remincl one of the eginning o Mantuan' fifth and theciose of his tentii,

tempestas oritur, pastu diScedere tempuS,

is like the lose of Mantuari' secon or hird Idy I, 2, iam lectas omnis grex ruminat herbas,' and d. VI, 19,

et pecus ilice dum ruminat omne sub umbra,

may be compare With Mant. I, 1-2 Id. VII, 135,

quisquis amat iacet, et presso fert vincula collo,

With ant. I, 14-116 Id. XI, 8 non tibi cum puero certandum impubere,' etc., with Mant. X, 124 Id. XI, 73-74,

est aliquid magno barbam attrectare Prophetae dicere sed volui lapsa est mihi lingua poetae,'

mith Mant. X, 126-127. The ventrosus bufo Id v, 55 the multiforem buxum' of Id. XI, 18, the impatienter amantis V of Id. VII, 46, and the somnolenti V of Id. XII, 6, a be compared illi Mant. X, 140 I, 63 VII, 5; III, 59.

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S INTRODUCTIONIn Euricius Cordus the imitation is stili closer. The Complimentar referen ce to Mantuan in his secon Eclogueha been tuo ted bove, p. 7. The histori dignit of the Shepherd' calling. Ecl. iii, is et forti as in Mantuan 'sSeventh, 23 s. and the contrast et ween the hepherd's lotand that of the sarmer, in the iddie o Ecl. IV, reminclSone of the eginning o Mantuan' siXth. Compare surther Ecl. I, 36 for the intransitive secundat, ' illi Mant. V, 29 Ecl. II. 82, duXati . . . Cultri, V ith Mant. V, 40 Ecl. II. l nuda rigent genua, V ita, illi Mant. v 23 Ecl. II, l8,

pollicitos plures vidi, qui multa dedissent nullOS,

dum satur in gelidis grex pabula ruminat umbriS.

Sum puer, at memini quo magnum tempore munus eSse putabatur, si textam flore corollam quis daret, et . ,

with Mant. III, 88-86 Ecl. III, 148,

inter tot iuvenes quot festa luce sub ulmum conveniunt, ducuntque leves de more choreaS,

with Mant. II, 3-65 Ecl. IV, 33,

non Sapies, nisi torva pedum tibi cornua frangat,

in grandique mihi legisse volumine dixit,

hime, too, has been calle a Dioneer lodato, e vero, per te ecloglie, a codesti componimenti, ch egi introduce per a prima volt in Germania, e imita a G. B. Mantovano, i per tui cadono in uota pastorelleria,'' G. Manacorda, Della poesia latina in Germania diιrante i Kenascimento Rome I9O6, P. M.

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IMITATION OF THE ECLOGUES 55 turba, ' illi Mant. VI, 9-20 Ecl. VI, 8 qui noStra piacula solvunt, ' illi Mant. VIII. 62 Ecl. VI, 42,

interea in pluvia paStor sitit, Surit aura,

vitii Mant. V. 2 Ecl. VII, 32,

versaque dormit humus, miSSum requiescit aratrum,

with Mant. I, 2-3 Ecl. VII, 1 grata laborantum requies, ' ith ant. VIII, 50 Ecl. VIII. 64-65,

succede Sub ulmum, dum redeo mihi quid post saepta parumper agendum St.

me mea te tua spe et opinio stulta fefellit.

sed melior lento praestat vigilantia Somno,

utile servitium fuit illius atque uidele,

donec, et ,

with Mant. IV, 22 Ecl. X, 28,

et nentes inter medius sub nocte puellas,

quoties patriae moesti reminiscimur orae,

with ant. IX, 90.' ni t . q. - . The amous diatribe against omen Ecl. IV, 11 ff., has arather clos parallel in ne of the Dialogues of Ravisius

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56 INTRODUCTIONTextor, Troia, Saloi non, Samson.' An it is ver clearly echoe in uigi Pasqualigo' comedy Il edele, III, 7. Compare illi lines 24 ff.,

mobilis, inconstans, vaga garrula, vana, bilingui S, imperiosa, minax, indignabunda cruenta, ete ,

Fortunio' speech:

Non e dubbio, perche esse sono per natura Superbe, uane, inconstanti, lego eri maligne, crudeli, rapaci empie, inuidiose, incredule, bugi arde, ambitiose, plene di fraude disteali ingrate, impetuose, audaci, ik sen Za reno, facilissime a da ricet to a ' odio oli ira, a placar si durissime, portano ouunciue anno ri bellione e lite elle sono agite di di male, ' accende odio tra gli amici di seminarinfamia sopra i uoni sono pronte a ri prende gli errori altrui, negligenti a conosce i propri viiij seinpre simulano, sempre fingono, tramano in ganni. cercano di condur gli uomini alia morte ali 'insidie che tendono. anno cos pronii i gesti e ii uiso, ne quale suo iacere posson dimostra alle gregZa, dolore, ema, Peran Za. molli altri asset ii, che alc uno non pu suggire da loro, uinci non altronde auengono tuttici nostri mali.'

Ma sol perche que vano

Queli idolo ' errori, idol ' in ganno; Que che da volgo insano Ono poscia su et to Che di nostra natur 'l eo tiranno , Non mischiava i suo assanno' Apud Iacobum Stoer, 6o9, p. 92-2o2. A par of the dialogue is quo ted by J Vodog, e Thgatre Latin de avisius extor, Winter thur, I 898, P. I 49-ISI.' Venice ed. I 579. Pasqualigo' comed is paraphrased in Lari-vey's e Fidelle sor his particular passage, se Ancien Thgat refranco is VI, 307. It is ad apte also in Abraham Fraunce' Latin comed Victoria: ut Fraunce' pla omit ali his diatribe. So oesthe Englisti adaptation by Anthon Munda recenti prin te by F. Fli igne, Archi fur a Studium de neuere Sprachen tin Literaturen, CXXIII, 48 8O .

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qui non communicat usum coniugis invidus est livorem excusat hone Stas introducta usu longi livoris iniquo. nam dum quisque sibi retinet sua gaudia, nec vult publica, communis mos ac longaevus honestas factus, et hunc morem fecit dementia legem;

and the passage in II, 2,

Or non sat tu com e fallacia donnapFugge, e suggendo uo ch altricia iunga; Niega, e negando uo ch altri si toglia; Pugna, e pugnando uo ch altricia vinca,

villi Ecl. IV, 2 l6-218,

currit, ut in latebras ludens perducat amantem, vult dare, sed cupiens simplex et honesta videri denegat et pugnat, sed vult super omnia vinci.

we a compare uaggo' Civit Con ersatione, L. I, langi si a da ricordare di quella sentenga Ogni agio porta seco it suo disagio. V The sentiment a doubilessa commonplace, ut Mantuan may have helpe to alie

Mantuan's hie mode in pastoral a Virgil, and the influence of Virgilia be tracedis almost ver page Butthere are many echoes of ther Roma poets y-eSpecially

' This chorus is literati translate in Samuel Daniel' pastorali 'on the olde Age. . Venice ed. IS9O, P. I a.' Some of these are potnted ut in the otes. For Ovid, See note On Eri II, 85 III, 71 IV, I 32, 2OI HI, 47 rior Tibullus,

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58 INTRODUCTION

ovi and Juvenal and there are hal a doZen passage in which e imitates the Latin eclogues of etrarch ' and Boccaccio An he wes ometh in to the Ecclesiasticat writers-especiali Prudentius ''-an to the an age of the Latin Bible. 70His style a forme on classica modeis an he oubt-les meant his Eclogues to e classica throughout Butthe contain a air number of irregularitieS-in SyntaX, in vocabulary, and in metre. Some of these re due o his familiarit With Ecclesiastica Latin while ther can besound n ly in the Latin of the Middie Ages. Some of themare meret mistahes of a outhful author hicli rema ined

sor poetr prefixe to his firs Parthenice, Mantuan cites severat of the Ecclesiasticat riters Prudentius Paulinus o Nola AmbrosiuS, Beda, and Juvencus And of these his favori te ould seem to e Paulinus quid de Paulino Nolanae urbis episcopo Hieronymo con-

temporaneo et fana iliari Θ nonne pulcherrima quae adhuc extant. et Semper extabunt, excudit poemata cum adhuc adolescentulus essem et a studiis ecclesiasticis more illius aetatis abhorrerem sorte in ea poemata incidi, et carminis suavitate delectatus animum ad res divinas paulatim appuli et ex illo tempore sacrarum litterarum studiosior sui. τ' Se notes o Ecl. II, 38 III, 88 V, 29; VIII, 83-86 VIII, 2aa. Another possibi se so urce V is mentione d by Ascensius o Ecl. V IOI.where e guesses that Umber V means iccolo Perotti Bisho os Siponto quem nescio an Silaontinum dicam, a quo plurima sumpsisse videtur. V his refers to Perotti' great commentar On Someos the epigram os Martiat, entilled Cornucopiae seu Commentarii Linguae Latinae. It was prin te as early as 480. It was reely used by Ascensius in his commentar on the Eclogues an it was dotabiles wel known to Mantuan himself. In deed his rother Tolome reporis of him damnabatque episcopum Sipontinum quod, cum esset primi ordinis in ecclesia tantopere laboravit in enarratione Martialis poeta gentilis epigrammatarii V Astoloxia Lyon ed. Is I 6.

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S PAX MEI RE, VOCABULAE 59

One interestin bit of synta is the se of the simple Subjunctive after a ver of thinhing credo . . . sericitet et . . . tollat, I, 50-5l puto Sidera tangant, VIII, A. Anotheris the Se os putare, credere, or aestimare, illi a Simple infinitive, apparenti on the analog o verbs of hopin Vor expecting grande aes constare putabam, III, 5; qui sectere divos creditis, III, 41 - 2 et vertere in aurum a timat, VI, 33-4. Facere is sed illi the infinitive, in the ense of cause OV V, 58; IX, 221. Intendere animitm intendere is used illi the dative, I, 106 II, 49 Subi atrare, illi the accuSative, I, 76 IV, 90 secundare, With the dative V, 29; obstare, illi the dative, IX, ψ7. The se of ood an tense illi dum is larget a matter of

Some of the metricat irregularitie. have been aevisedout by editors. In the Mantua edition L 1498 e have quottidie, I, 20 omissa, II omisit, , 69 sciderat, II 46 somnolentum, III, 89 SEGnum, II, 1l2 mulieribuS, IV, 70 muliere, IV, 206 an VI. 57 mulierum, IV, 243 ; sineae, IV, 129 g Enea, , 5l subicit, V. 56; illicum, VIII, 10 ηε ere M.

VOCABULARUIn the vocabulary there a number of departures from lclassical Sage. Modo is sed hal a dogen times in the SenSe o nunc, I, 4; II, 15 l. etc. parum means a litile

7 For anginoso an sabtico, he could cite the authorit of Serenus Sammonicus cacdbos may be found in the Macaronea of his oungercontemporary, Teofilo Folengo for Eneae 'e ad the authorit of H-Prudentius for scid rat, that of Servius.

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60 INTRODUCTION

IX, I 8 fluvios, VIII, 65 hernica, IV, qt 8 impetuosa, Vl34 saltidico, I, l7l situosus, VIII, 5; Squarrosa, V, 2 Suaviloquo, IV, 9 ventrosus, X es 40 appropiare, IX. ll 9 fetant. II. 30: incalluit. III. 25: in ortu rarit. III, I 67 obtenebrescere VI, 239 obviat IX, 147 opulescunt, IX, 683 c V praeSentaS, IV, 90 Catus, I, 9, is the animal philomenam . . the bird, I, 27; II, 6, etc. vulpeS, VI, 26, mean pelles vulpinas There are Gree wordS like artocopi, VI, 100 artocreas, VIII, 23; brucho, VIII, 32 cercopithecos, VI, 144eremum, , 75 genethliacos V, 39 gynaecei VIII, 92lampyrides, I, 155 melotas VI, 27; ogdoas, VIII, 8 lonocrotalus, VIII, 59; orexis, I, 7 rhomphaea, IV, 2 lizelotypo, VI, 7 l. latas alms, ' VI. 157 luxuria m clust, ' IV, 6l substantia V wealth V III 8 deitas

divinitas VII, 33 extimare aestimare, III, 6 intendere animum intendere, I l06 II, 49.