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O Hungarian Natural History Museum and Hungarian Acmemy of Sciences
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IUNGARIAN NATURAL HISTORY MUS EUM, BU DAPEST
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AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFANIMAL TAXONOMY AND ECOLOGY
Acta Mologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae is published quarterly DomFebruary l 994 sother issues in May, August and November) by the Hungari an Natural History Museum and the Biological Section of the Hungarian Acade myos Sciences with the financiat suppon of the Hungari an Academy of Sciences.
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Acta Mologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungariciae 46 2), m. 79-I02. 2000
A furvey of anis in il native foresis and l3 plantations os introduced trees resulted in an inventory of altogether 36 species. The numher of species was the highest in the native poplar foresis stolai: 24, mean l 3. 3314.l6), and the lowest in the hybrid poplar plantation l3 and 6.331 l. l . respectively). Ants were numericalty most abundant in native poplar and Oaksoresis and least in hiack locust habitats. The typical forest ant species could be mund in the foresis native in the region spoplar, Oak) or in the Carpathian basin spine). whereas the fauna of the introduced forests hybrid poplar. hlack locust. Russian Olive) consisted of the fractionos ei ther degraded forest or grassiand ant Communities. The fauna os the open juni per forestsalso consisted of both forest and grassiand species, hut more characteristic for natural sites. Nei ther close correlation belween the regionat distribution and the locat densi ty. nor de inite hi modat trend in the regionat distribution was observed. There was, howCVer. R Close Correlation belween the information content os distribution and the locat densities of the ant
The Carpathian Basin plays an important role in biodiversity preserVation. Due to iis transitional geographic position, it is characteri Zed by the overlap of distinci biogeographic regions and the joint occurrence of florat and faunal elements with different distribution centres. Severat historic biogeographic effecishave contributed significantly to the high levet os biodiversi ty stili preserved here VARGA l 995). A great number of species, whicli hecame atready extinct in
Western Europe, are represented in this region hy large populations. Central European land scapes could preserve their relative stability over the past few centuries due to the faci that traditional land use maintained a sustat nable mosaic- like structum os nature- like, semi- natural and traditionalty managed habitats VARGA l 998). Severat of these areas furvived. although more than P0R of the country is culti valed. approximately l TR of the country is wooded or afforested 9R is co vered by near- natural woodland s and 4R is presently protected as nature reserve ELEMEN et ah l 995).
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present, the stands of alien tree Species amount to sonae 46 per cent of the areas Covered by foresis in Hungary whicli clearly indicates the magnitude os forestryoperations and man-made alterations. There is a growing ecological and conser-Vation concern abolit the replacement of natural forests by introduced ones as ithas transformed the scenery of Hungarian forests ELEMEN et ah l99β).Ants are an ouistanding group in the structure and function of the terrestri al
hecause they have an important influence on the soli, vegetation, and other faunal groups both directly and indirectiy. As scavengers they are important agents of
conservation biology. Frona the aspect os conservation biology two kinds of approaches have been in the focus os interest recently the diversity and the commonnes s- rarity di- Chotomy. Diversity mensurement the several kiniis of indices that have been created and calculated and the search for an ideat meastire is stili a never-endingtopic. New kinds of diversity indices are stili appearing TOTHMERESZ l 995 SMITH ς WILSON l 996) and several kinds of interpretations are avail able LANDE l 996). Despite of ait this dehate on the practical usemines s of diversi tyindices, it remalias one of the most widely used characteristic s of ecological communities. although the belles that a diversity index provides a basis for getling afuit understanding of community structure is not weli munded owing to sonae opinions s PI ELO J l9Jβ). Working in different successive stages of sand-clune areas in Sotith Piniand. Hungary and Poland GALLE and co-workers GALLEl99 l. l 992. GALLE et al. l 998) mund that the diversi ty of ant assemblages in- creases along the different successional stages of the vegetation. but declines in
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In Hungary, severat studies have been carried out on ant assemblages offand dune areas GALLE l 990a. h. l 992. l 999) and on grassiand ani communities GALLE l98 l. l 986a. GALLE et al. l 994). However, sparse information is aVait able abolit the ani assem blages of Hungari an fore sis sHARTNER l 994) and their de vel op meiat GALLE l 990b). In this stud y our principat aim is the characteri Zation of the distribution patierias, the composition and the diversi ty of ant assemb-lages in severat forest types inhabiting the solitheria part of the Great Hungari an Plain. We compare the species richness and equitability of forest sites in whichindigenous species are dominant spoplar oak and juniper) and sites in whicli introduced species are dominant sblack locust, pine, Russian olive and hybrid po-plar). We furnisti data on the distribution and densi ty of ant species in the investigated lowland foreStS.
Ants were classi fled as frequent Or rare species on the basis of their average abundance, thenumber of sites occupied by the m. the between-site rate of aggregation and the information content of their regionat distributiora. The average abundance was estimated as the average number of individuals cought by pittali traps in those habitats, where the species occvred. The rate of aggregationwas computed by a simple index os dispersion, I m variancelmean, based on the number of occu-pied traps in ali habitats. The information content of the regionat distribution, whicli is a functiora os both si te number and the rate of hetween-site aggregation, was assessed with Shannon-wiener index based on the number of traps. Three indices were chosen to measure alpha Species diversi ty the Shannon-Wiener index with natural togarithm, whicli emphasises the richness in terms of the proportionat abundance of species, the Simpson index, whicli is weighted towards the abundance of the commonest Species, and the reciprocat of the Berger-Parker index, which highlighis species