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Dii. Ad no his lila: the misdeed os his quaeStorship, his obberies and utrages in Asia, his etraya os his praetor Dolabella, hos parine and accomplice he had been. LII. His urba praetorshi Wa a ne continue perversion os thesorm os justice. The crown os ali his misdeed is his govern- menti Sicily, whichie has ruine beyon recall. Ἀ3. Under hi the Sicilians ad not even the common rights of mankind, satiet o ignorance ere the ni bound to his crueli and
mentis salthsul allies as nemies, the neglec os ali precautions for the alat os the province I4. e trippe the cities
once conclude an arrangement illi certain perSon to secure
Curio whom I name illi ali respect for his orti an his Diendshi sor me). I9. Curio catches Sight of Verres in the
wil noti silenti matters of Such grave moment. Metellus in his turn end so the Sicilians Some os them obey he telis them that heris consul one of his brother praetor of this cotiri,another is overnor os Sicily that ver precautio has been
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33. I et me reserve that sor another occasiona on this I ill confine myseis to ringin sorward the eviden ce holehu fines xvit be illi bou, Hortensius As ou have determine to figlit me illi chicanery I mustin Rome strat agemto amo ou ' our plan is delay mine to bring the trialto a speed conchision No aster I ad underlahen his CaSe at the equest os the Sicilians, I proposed 'o myseis agreater object than the condemnation os this retch; os Idetermine to attach our intolerable tyranny an expos the intrigues os your creatures tas worth os, ulmos essoris. 36. As it is the villain os a se 'retches that discreditsour hole order, I declare a to theanis against these his shalli the finest show os, aedileslii p. solemni Warn allwho dea iniri bery an corruption to hol their and in histriat 37. Hortensius ill e consul, I meret aedile: et willio a greater service to the eopte in mylumbi ossice hanhe with ali his power I ill deat with the iniquities that have been Perpetratei since the contro of the ouris passe to the senate 38. The nation hali ea stom me of the purit os the equestrian couris os the corruptionis the senatorial couris: of the condemnation o Calidius an Septimius, 39. of the prove receptionis bribesi Herennius, Popillius, and Atilius, of the scandalous conduci os certain senator in the tria os Oppianicus o. What an I say of the notoriou tamPering
isu find that aught of this hin has been attempte in regardio the present tries, when can prove that Verres osten aid that he would divide the proceed of hi three year govern-ment belween himself, his advocates, an his udges i. This is lia suggeste my saying that the provincials Oulci senesto e the abolitio of the our os repetundae, o theground that hile the might ope to at the rapacit os agovernor,ho ad onlyrio tunde so hi inset an his amity, the could no endure thesioundleS extortion neceSSar to
what a pas have the administration os the la and the character of ou orde comet Nou hatre os Verres ought onlyto e intensilied by ou findita that he thiniis o capable of
4, Nox is oti opportunit sor retrievin the lost ameos,our order ah couris of justice have long been lunged in insani an contempl. It was thi that promptet theseopleto demandis persi Stently the restoration os the power of the tribunes, whicli reali meant the reStoration O the law- couris. 44 Catulus sa this,heni faid in his pecchi Pompeius bili that is the Senate ad satisfie public opinion in the administrationis justice, there ould no have been Such a demandsor the tribunicia power g 43. Again, hen Pompeius at public meetin expressed his intention os reStoring the tribunicia power, he was reeted illi murmur os approvat Jut when he wentina bran the misgovernmen os the ProvinceSand the corruption os the ouris a no longe endurabie, the
Nox peopte are o the watch the have their y on veryone os ou They se that since Pompeius bili assed, Senator os ver stende means has been condemned the dono hiam this, ut the do no fili muchao prat se so there
vel as hos of the accused are a stahe in his triat is VerreShe acquitted non hut the wors suspicion an Settie n ou
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established, a bench of Such dignit an high character asthis non other could e found Superior in the whole Senate. so. pra heaven that no ne here ut erres may befound a villain ' an declare that is an Such shallie found Iwill devote alim energie to procure the punishment of their crime LSI. But ou Glabrio, an provide that no Such unio-ward eventishali ensue. Do ou e the champion o integrityan honour, of the Senate and the law-couriS. Remember thestrict an severe la paSSed by ou satheri Aa Thin osyour sathes Sturdy an bitte opposition to unprincipie men: imitate our grandSire Scaevola' prudence, ou sather-in-lawScaurus immovabie conStancy and the eopte ill perceive that Verres' ealit has ni avalle to enhance the suspicionSos his gulit. 53. I illiso allo this caseo pas into the and osu ne praetor an a ne jury, nor Susis the Sicilians to echeate of thei rights by the consul os nexi ear. 44. I illno allo a long interva os dela between in speech and the defence, nor Suffer the deciSion to de ut os illi aster the de- partur of the Crowd that noWthrong the capitat. 35. I intendio cali, witneSSe at once an Shali introduce a novellyhy examining them in the Course os, Speech on acti Count of the indiciment the other Side illiave a much opportunitysor argument an croSS-examination a I. Thi plan is necessarii adopte totam thei intrigues. 46. My charge in his firs pleacliniis this I affirmolia Gaius erres, beSides many acts os licence an cruelay, a contrar to the laxus carriedos sori thousan Sestertia frona Sicily. Thi I ill prove byora and documentar evidence of very kind. have finished.
I. l. QUOD erat optandum niaxinae, iudices, et quod 1 uniani ad invidiam vestri ordinis infamiamque iudiciorum sedandam maxime pertinebat id non humano consilio sed prope divinitus datum aluit oblatum vobis Summo rei publicae tempore videtur inveteravit enim iam opinio e niciosa rei publicae nobisque periculosa, quae non modo
Romae sed etiam Dud exteras natione omnium Sermone percrebruit his iudiCiis quae nun sunt Pecuniosuna hominem, quam Vi Sit noCens, neminem POSSe damnari. a. nun 2 in ipso discrimine ordinis iudiciorumque VeStrorum Cum
sint parati qui contionibus et legibus hanc invidiani senatus
CDquae civitas tibi una in amore atque in deliciis fuit. I iii Verrem
Summo. . . tempore Mutinos crisis
guilinii may be'. et in ipso discrimine J his reser to the bili proposed by LAurelius Cotta and stipportet byΙ'ompeius by whicli asinali revised the Senate ere to e de- prive of the excitisive contro os the iudicia, and the were to e composed one-third of Senators, another os equites and another ostri ni aerarii. Se II in Verremi II g et 3 sqq. V g 77, 78. It was promulgate i and assed laterin in his ear B so). In iis origina forin the restorationo the coliris to the equestrianorde exclusivel Aeem to have been Proposed Se introductionan belo omnes homines
...alium omnino ruinem ad res iudicandas quaerendum rhit buntur.
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inflammare conentur, reus in iudicium adductus est Verres, homo vita atque lactis omnium iam opinione damnatus, pecuniae ii itudine G spe et praedicatione abs
tutus. ut ego Causae. Judices, Cum Summa voluntate et exspectatione populi Romani actor CCeSSi non Ut augerem invidiam ordinis, sed ut infamiae Communi SuCCurrerem. adduxi enim hominem in quo reconciliare existimationem iudiciorum amissam, redire in gratiam Cum Populo Romano, satis sacere exteris nationibus Possetis depeCulatorem aerarii, vexatorem Asiae atque Pamphyliae, Praedonem iuris 3 urbani, labem atque perniciem provinciae SiCiliae. . de quo Si vos Severe a religiose iudicaveritis, auCtoritas ea quae in vota demanere bet haerebit sin istius ingentos divitiae iudiciori religiones veritatemque perfregerint egotio tamen adsequa ut iudicium potius rei publicae quam aut reus iudicibus aut ac sator reo desuisSe videatur. II equidem ut de aes Confitear, iudiCes, Cum muliae mihi a C Verre insidiae terra marique lactae Sint, quaSpartim mea diligentia devitarim par im amicorum studio oss-
wliat contemptuous way to ille
verilaumque apparenti allthe s read veritatem. Manutius conjectured severitatem ilichZumpi adopis, remarking that vel tas iudiciora m is a Phrase ofvcry douhisu authority, and that si vos severe iudicaveritis occursjus hesore. Isui se II in Verrem III g 6et, here ali the ssagain have restate iudiciorumwhich Zumptaeeps, an I gis existimatio veritasque indiciorum Zumpi and Halm also pro Ros Amerin verissimus et sapientissimus iudex Halmin. V ritatem, rectitude, PrightneSS, cs pro Quincta io. ii. cima Malihough'. advig
Asiae atque Ru bliae the Provincem Asia comprised Mysia Lydia and Caria, par of the Ling- domos Pergamus equeathed in BC 3o by Attalus to the Roman Peopte Pamphylia illi Phrygia an Pisidia as include in the province os Cilicia de divincla et . Cilicia proper as ni partiallyoccupied at this time. praedonem iuris urbani Verres had been tractor nnbanus in B 74. Praedonem παρὰ προσδοκέαν sor araetorem Seeaciet. 3. istius applied in Some-
cioque reppulerim, num G tamen neque tantum Periculum mihi adire visus sum neque tanto opere pertimui, ut nunCin pso iudicio. 4. neque tantum me XSpectatio CCusa qtionis meae Concursusque tantae multitudiniS, quibus ego rebus ςhementissime Derturbor, Commovet quantum istiuSinsidiae nesariae, quas uno tempore mihi vobis M' Glabrioni praetori sociis exteris nationibus ordini nomini denique senatorio saCere Conatur: qui ita diCtitat, iis eSSe metuendum, qui quod ipsis Solis sati es set Surripui SSem, Se tantum Pipuisse, ut id multis satis esse possit nihil esse tam sanCtum quod non violari, nihil tam munitum quod non expugnari pecunia possit. 5. quodsi quam audax Straad Conandum, tam esset ObSCuru in agendo, ortaSSe aliqua in re nos aliquando sesellisset verum o adhu PerCOmmode cadit, quod cum incredibili eius audacia Singularis
minus commotus quam Solco ncausis maioribus.
vobis this is antita in ostos the SS, and Graevius Ouidomi it a containe in ordini nomini denique senatorior ut itis Mund in the wo uel MSSan is requiret in the ascen ling
nihil tam munitum reser-ring to the well-known Sayin os Philip of Macedon PlutarchipΟ-phthegi Re Philip go . Cicad Attie Ii, i et quibus Philinus
omnia castella expugnari posse di lcebat in quae modo asellus onustus auro posset ascendere. Hor o II i
astutus are coupled in de of III 57, occultus an astutus in adlam III Ioa 8. 1 commode cadit, quod So m*L. S. . pro Caecina gQ sercommode M. eidit quod
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Stultitia Coniuncta est. nam ut apertus in Corripiendis pecuniis suit, si in spe Coclumpendi iudicii perspicua sua Consilia Conatusque omnibus secit semel ait se in vita
PertimuisSe, tum Cum primum a me reus DCtu eSt, quod Cum e provincia ueCen esset invidiaque et infamia non reCenti Sed Vetere a diuturna flagraret, tum ad iudicium 6 corrumpendum tempus alienum flanderet. 6. itaque Cum
ego diem inquirendi in Sicilia perexiguam postillaviSSem, inveni ste qui sibi in Achaia litatio breviorem diem postu
laret, non ut is idem conficeret diligentia et industria sua, quod ego 'meo labore et vigiliis Consecutus sum etenim
illa Achaicus inquisitor ne Brundisium quidem pervenit: si Siciliam totam quinquaginta diebus si obii, ut omnium
corrum di ista is conrumpere here a helow g et has 30 iis usua meantia os riber alone, but denotes an maniae os bring- in ahout a saliure os justice. Zumpi ives irritum sacere, elu
dere ras equivalents.cun primun a me reus iis at
the preliminar processies ore ille praetor nominis elatio, citatio, inter Tatio vi hen the Prosecutor state the charge aio te Siculos spoliasse the defendant dente it, and then alter the charge adbeen formali drawn ii and signed by the prosecutor an his Supportem subscriptores , the defendant' nam he thei properlyhecam reus was registered by the praetor, an a da was fixed so the triat Schol. Se Ram- say' Roman Antiquities, art --
dieia pullica.5. agraret c ad Atto 18 et consules sareant infamia and belowa 3 gravi diuturnaque iam
flagramus infamia. alienum so this constructionaster alienum c Caesar B G IV 3 ad lacessendum alienum esse
iampus Alienus also inhes thegenitive, dative, ablative an ab llative illi ab tostenderet the subjunctive ex lpresses that this as hat Verres
6. in Sicilia so the two Guels
an wkward Change os conStruction, as in Achaiam must mean
in his sense is seminine. invenis iste qui postularetJwho his as i unknown and the names os the ham prosecutor an accuse are immateriai. si in Verrem I g o interposuistis
populorum privatorumque littera iniuriaSque CognoSCerem ut perspiCuum vivis esse posset hominem ab isto quaesitum esse non qui reum uum adduceret. Sed qui meum tempus obsideret. ΙΙΙ. . nun homo audaCissimus atque amen γtissimus hoc cogitat intellegit me ita paraturae atque 'structum in iudicium venire, ut non modo in auribus vestris
sed in oculis omnium ua furta atque flagitia defixurus
sim videt senatores multos esse teStes UdaCiae Suae,
videt multos equites Romanos, frequenteS . Praeterea CiVeS
atque socios, quibus ipse insignes iniurias secerit, videt etiam tot graves ab amicissimis civitatibus legationes cum publicis
auctoritatibus Convenisse. 8. quae Cum ita Sint usque eoide omnibus onis male existimat, usque eo natoria iudicia Perdita rostrataque esse arbitratur, ut o palam dictitet, non sine Causa Se Cupidum pecuniae fuisse, quoniam in pecunia tantum praesidium experiatur esse Sese, id quod
dissicillimum uerit, tempus ipsum emisse iudicii sui, quo
adduceres bring to triH' s es in iudicium adductus est C
Cae non modo in animis iudicum sed etiam in oculis con
sauhon ahes it thus : Coningtontes to sim to the inround 'o the Particular AEliade in memini inelther caseian hardi be preciselyfixed. tot graves Zumpi read tot tam n aves. advig opuscula observes that tam is ni undita Hiel et, and is arshos eli. Diationes 'deputations'. cum sublicis auctoritatibus cs II in Verrem III i 6 civitatum
auctoritates ac lituras auctor tates resolutions decrees of the civi corporation cs the commontis os senatus auctoriis reAΟ-ilutionis the Senate'. 8. omnibus bonis Abons a termarrogated by the conservative part here apparenti m 'Ε datoria order Us helow g ooptimus quisque So σθλο and ἁγαθοί in Theognis mean theariStocratic, κακοί an δειλῶ thedemocrati Party.
ferrita 1 inmutaque these epitheis are applied to Verres im- fel in II in Verrem III g 65 tu omnium morialium prosim-tissime et ferritissime C pro Rosc Amaa omnia adserniciem proslata atque perdita. tempus ipsum emisse i e bygettin v the ham prosequilon
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Cetera saCilius emere postea posset ut quoniam Criminum vim Subterfugere nullo modo poterat, procellam temporis devitaret. . quodsi non modo in Causa, verum in aliquo honesto praesidio aut in aliCuius aut eloquentia aut gratia Spem aliquam ColloCaSSet, pro Ct mon hae omnia Collineret at rue auCu Daretur non uue eo despiCeret Contemneretque ordinem Senatorium, ut arbitratu eius deligeretur ex Senatu tui reus fieret qui um hila quae laus Asent 'ComPararet, CauSam interea ante eum diueret. 10 o. quibus ego rebus quid Ste Speret et quo antimum
intendat facile perspicio quamobrem vero se Confidat ali tui proficere posse ho praetore et o Consilio intellegere non POSSum unum illud intellego, quod populus Romanus in reiectione iudicum iudicavit, ea spe istum suisse praedi
mentioned bove by whicli heliope to secure the PostPonemento his xvi caseo the nexi ear heia the popula seel in againsthim ould have had timerio Cool, and when iis hiend 1 Iortensius and 2 Metellus ouldie consulS. Μ Metelius Would preside a Praetor in the quaestio re lunaaraim, and severa iudices hom c de- Spatroclis corrupting wouldie dis- abled by electiones certain ossices from sit ting on the ench. See
atque luctate fuisse. in reiectione iudicum c helowg 6. Aster the requiSite numberos iudice had been chosen by tot sortitio each part was allowedio challelage reicere a certain inumber. The number os the u and the number of challenge al-lowed varied in the different quaestiones. What the number vas in ille quaestio de repetundis is un- certain: it appears rom II in Verrem Id 77 that accused whowere not of the senatoria ordercould ni challetae three urora.
tum, ut omnem intilanesi Saluti in peCunia Constitueret: hoc erepto praeSidio, ut nullam ibi rem adiumento ore arbitraretur. IV. etenim quod Stringenium tantum quae tantam ulias dicendi et oliua, quae istius vitam tot vitiis flagitiis iue Convictam, iam pridem omnium voluntate iudicioque damnatam aliuua ex parte PosSit defendere II. cuius 11 ut adolescentiae maculas ignominiaSque Praeteream, qUICS- tura primus gradus honoris tuidnam habet aliud in se nisi Cia Carbonem spoliatum a quaeStore Suo pecunia PubliCa,
u cs divit in Caeci g et Madvigila de sui log 43. iv facultas dicendi et copia an
vinctam on the ground that vita vitiis convicta anno mean a lise convicted os crimes', ut only bcrimes'; ut the ablative is used os the charetes in 'hicli a maia is Mundiu uty N in Verrem 6 criminibus quantis tu convi I EMS, and o by a stigii transition it is Sometimes used os the crime illi
maxime disiuncta est a cupiditatere eum officio coniuncta . aliqua ex parce destri ferri 'mal e an delance rivorti, mentionil si '. C pro Clitentiori 67 haec enim ille εἰ aliqua ex paru habebat et maiore ex parte se habere simiaabat helow4 et aliqua ex parte
II. adolescentiari s II in Verrem I gQ nihil a me de fueritiae suae sagitiis audiet nihil ex illa
primus gradus honoris to equalisled or obling the three
great ossices os State called, far cellen , honones Hor od I 18 certa ter minis Iollere honoribus curule aedile, Praetor, ConSuli, thougii the term is also appliedio an other Publi offices, a Candidate mus have reviousi held the quaestorshiP. quid aliud. . consulem Diomedes Grammaticus quotes hi PaS- Sage thus quidnam Libet aliud ius nisi Cn Carbonem spoliatum aqua fore suo secunia publica, nudatum, imguam, et frausilum cou-sulem y vhicli is certaini more sol citile, ut the existin MSS P- parenti give o variation stomthe text. Vumpi. Carbonem This Gnaeus Carbo consul in B 85, 84, 8 waSa leader of the Maria Party. Verres deserte him at Ariminum in B 83 ache was ora the way tollis province os Gaul and wentovero Sulla, carrying the militar chest, os vilichos quaestor
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nudatum et proditum Consulem, deSertum XerCitum, relictam provinciam, sortis necessitudinem religionemque vi atam' cuius legatio exitium sui Asiae totius et Pamphyliae quibus in provinciis multas domos plurimas urbe omnia fana depopulatiis est, tum Cum in C Dolabellam scelus suum illud pristinum renovavit et instauravit quaestorium Cum eum, Cui legatus et Pro Quaestore suiSset, et in invidiam Dis maleficiis adduxit et in ipsis Dericulis non Solum deser sit sed etiam oppugnavit ac prodidit: la et cuius praetina urbana aedium sacrarum fuit publiCorum
que operum depopulatio simul in iure dicundo bonorum
in Verrem Issa veni si e Verres)exsectatus in Galliam ad exercitum
consularem cum secunia I simul ac primum ei occasio Pisa St...avrem secunia sublica quaestor conm- iam exercitum sortem 'munciamque riseruit.
sortis the quaestor obtainedihel provinces by tot accli ordinarii the consul an praetorsunder hom the serve sevi Sicil felicio Verres by tot, II in Verrem 73, ut omelimes the agree to divide the province by arrangement sco arare inter se an occasionalty the Senate assigne them dare prominciam erim sortem Liv III et VIII16ὶ Se Ramsay' Roman Antiquities P 85. religionemq/ti Cicero' realopinion os the tot se de div I 8 tota res est iuventa fallaciis anta qua tum aut ad suferstitionem
pantedi severa levat who acte lat lieuienant-generat os the militar sorces in the province Iheylia no independent solestas ut Were stricti deDuties of the go- vernor. See II in Verrem IV g neminem qui cum solesta e aut mratione in provinciam esset profectI S. Verres ent a. Iam to CnDolabella praetor o Cilicia in BC o-79. urimas urbe; as umpta re- 'marks there is a twsimi climax: Homos urbes lava and mulcas lurimas omnia cuius figurae causa facile inliquid veritati tetraxisset Cicero dicatur'. liue p/ιlatus est vulgo Pseculatus era. unapi lias the rea ling in the ex froin the wo uel and three ther SM: e remarks that it is more graphic and orci l le than derecusatus and is also
quaestor of Cilicia on the cleati os the regula quaestor malleolus. Cfui in Verrem Idis. in ipsis periculis Dolabellain his retur lio Cilicia a PrΟSecuted repetundarum by M Aemilius Scaurus and condemne l. Verres, wh ha been his clites agent and accomplice, ave evi lene against im. Di in Verrem ogg 95 8. II praetura urbanabsor Verres' conduci in his ossice se Ii in Verrem I g Io Seqq.
POSSeSSionumque Contra omnium instituta addictio et condonatio iam vero omnium vitiorum Suorum plurima et maxima Constituit monumenta et indicia in provincia Sicilia, quam iste per triennium ita vexavit a perdidit, ut ea restitui in antiquum statum nullo modo POSSit, ViX autem Permulto annos innocentesque praetores aliqua e parte recreari aliquando posse videatur. 3. hoc praetore. Siculi 13
neque uallege neque nostra Senatus Con Sulla neque Com-
utra omnitim institu contrar to the rules and principies os Procedure observed by an os his PredeceSSors containe in the edicta perpetua hicli the praetorsissue on their entr into ossice. Cfui in Verrem I PII ius consuetudinem aequi alem edicta omnium reliquis. The rules hichpraetor adopted rom thei pre- decessors ere called edictum tra
Praetor to administer justice in accordance illi the term os theirown edicta fersnua. Asconius' argument of the speech pro C Cornelio. The principies os procedure anil interpretation containedin the edicta constitute what was callei ius fractoriun and correspondedi essecimo ou se uultri correcting SuPplementing, and elucidatin the common a s civile) See Maine's Ancient LawPP 55 72. bonorunt fossessionumque borra goods, Chatteis', perhaps herem persona property posse Dura,
land and ouses held no inownersiiij dominium , which could not e conferre by the Praetor, buti occupancn usus . addictio e condonati, addictiois the prope legat term so the
Praetor' award co=adonatio is used invidiously, as in II in Verrem I g Io dicis sc Verres se ne ei condonare edicto hereditate Noto denote corriae an illegal
read vastavit vexavit ac ferdidit.
reading on two rounds firSt, that vastare denotes the resultis vexare ani perdere, and so scit bereaxat at should solio and notPrecede them Secondiy that in rhetorica climax the copula isnot in Cicero at an rate, omitted belween therars and second vertis and inserted etween the econdani thim, hen the veri, are Ο- Ordinate apparent exception heconsider error os S an correct accordingly. ut ea renisui sonit so the PreSent subjunctive aster a pastiense, denoting a continuing esseci,
aliqua ex pariet to an considerable extent', fabove Io. I 3. suus D s Sicil had specia privileges bove the est Osthe Provinces, a litile oscit hadbeen conquere in ar the lawswhicli prevallei previousi to iis hecomin a Roman Province re-naained in orce illi the Praetor-shipis Verres. Se II in Verremit g et Siciliae civitates sic in amicitiam idemque recepi uus. ut
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munia iura tenuerunt tantum uisque habet in Sicilia, quantum hominis avarissimi et libidinosissimi aut imprudentiam subterfugit aut satietati superfuit. V. nulla res per triennium nisi ad nutum istius iudicata est, nulla res tam Patria Cuiusquam atque Iiyita fuit quae non ab eo imperio
istius abiudicaretur innumerabiles pecuniae ex aratorum boni novo nefarioque instituto coactae, socii fidelissimi in hostium numero existimati, Cives Romani servilem in D: dum cruciati et necati, homines nocentissimi propter PeCuniaS iudicio liberati, honestissimi atque integerrimi absentes rei facti indicta causa damnati et eiecti, portus munitissimi maximae tutissimaeque urbes iratis praedonibusque Patefactae, nautae militesque Siculorum socii nostri atque amici fame necati, classes Optimae atque I DortuniSsimae Cum magna ignominia populi Romani amissae et perditae. I I4. idem iste praetor monumenta antiquissima Partim regum locupletissimorum, quae illi ornamento urbibus esse Vollierunt, partim etiam noStrorum imperatorum, quae ViCtores civitatibus Siculis aut dederunt aut reddiderunt, SPΟ-liavit iudavitque omnia. neques hoc solum in Itatuis
expens os the Sicilia cities sortii suppressionis Piracy. Se Ilin Verrem 4 86 Seqq.
opsonurrissimae mos service- able . I 4. σπιι locupletissimorumlevi Agathocles and Hiero. ornanIento urbibus esse on the predicative dative se Rol,y' Latin Grammar, resac IO Ol.
dederunt of the public uild-ings and statues spared by Marcellus aster the conquest os Syracuse, II in Verrem v go .lo soli. reddiderunt os the recovery by the ounge Asricanus of Sicilianstatues carrie of to Carthage, ii in Verrem IVag 4, 8 etc.
eodem ιιre essent quo ιιissent: eadem condicione opaιlo Romano parerent qua suis sarrιissent.
innumerabiles pecuniae se Ilin Verrem III so the exactions os Veries an his decumani tithe- sarmen Doni the cultivators.cises Romani se II in Verrem
ornamentisque publicis secit, Sed etiam dehibra omnia sanotissimis religionibus consecrata depopulatus est, deum denique nullum Siculis qui ei paullo magis affabrratque antiquo UR artificio factus videretur reliquit in stupris vero et flagitiis
nefarias eius libidines commemorare Iudore deterreor: simul illorum Calamitatem Commemorando augere nolo, quibus liberos coniugesque suas integras ab istius petulantia ConServare non Citum St. 5. at enim hae ita om-15 missa sunt ab isto ut non cognita sint ab omnibus homi nem esse arbitror neminem qui nomen istius audierit quin facta quoque eius nesaria Commemorare possit, ut mihi magis timendum sit ne muli Crimina Praetermittere quam ne tu in istum fingere existimer. neque enim mihi videtur haec multitudo, quae ad audien him Convenit, CognoSCere
VI. quae cum ita Sint iste homo amens ac perditus alia mecum ratione Pugnat non λα ut alicuius eloquentiam mihi opponat, non gratia non auctoritate Cuiusquam non potentia nititur Simulat hi Se rebus Considere, Sed
observes that these Wotas aremore at Prol riate os ille uitilitas silian Os the statues containe in
deum denique nullum c di in Caecita et sese iam ne deos quidem
commemorare deferreor rthe construction s helo et
Os iubeor vetor prohibeor impedior Madviga 39o the ordinar Construction is reor ab a II o, ne quin, quo uolnuS a m. I 5. a mimi in Ais. γάρ, ἀλλὰ νὴ Δια, introducin a possibie objection: iu some ne may say'. Cfra in Verrem I g 6a enim ad Verrem pecunia ista Ior perveni Quae est isti mensior
etc. So oo are Red at, at vero.
rity. Cf pro Mur 159, pro Caecina 7 neque insucti gratia neque feraringi polentia on hicli Hotoman quoted by Iordan observes
gratia cum superioribus potentia lcum inferioribus rationem habet'. l
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video quid agat-neuue enim agit occultissime- proponit inania mihi nobilitatis, hoc est, hominum arrogantium nomina, qui non tam me impediunt quod nobiles Sunt, quam adiuvant quod noti sunt simulat Se eorum praesidio Confidere, cum interea aliud quiddam iam diu machinetur. 16 I6. quam spem nun habeat in manibus et quid moliatur, breviter iam iudices, vobis exponam sed prius ut ab initiores ab eo Constituta sit, quaeSo, CognoSCite ut primum provincia rediit, redemptio est huius iudicii facta grandi pecunia mansit in Condicione atque pacto usque ad eum finem, dum iudices reiecti sunt postea quam reiectio iudicum facta est, quod et in sortitione Stius Spem ortuna po
puli Romani et in reiiciendis iudicibus mea diligentia isto
rum impudentiam vicerat, renuntiata AES tota Condicio. 17 17. praeclare se res habebat libelli nominum VeStrorum .
lom D arro unii ιm J Such asthe Metelli Scipio an Curio, theletaersis the extrem aristocratiCparty. nobiles nos the nobiles erethose holad the Πιs imaginum, e any of hos ancestors adheld curule ossice Cicero as heinga novus homo a regarde by
me emetor II qui Ha mnam conduxerat faciendam) the correlative term is locatio. condicione Picio an condicio always in the est Ss derivediso dico an condico the pell-
in ditio conditio arises rom thesalse derivation stom do or condo. I 6. usque ad eum nem, dumt up to that oini,hen . On theus os dum se Madvi g 36o.Cs demat deo I ga 29. o quem ad nny uill when ' II in Verrem V g 75 si Iam vivum tenuisti quem ad nn dum cum imperio fuisti. iudices reiecti sunt se ona Io. fortuna populi omani Pone d curia os the Senat was hosen bylo sor cuiaudere fundis. Cicero means that the decuria on hichthe tot et in his a composed chien os mei os honour an Pro-bity.
in weeding out thei partisan was more effective than thei shamelessattemptri get id of those homthendespatred os corrupting. rentintiata est the redemptores, findi that aster the reiectis and subsortitio a jury was empanelle twhom the could o liope tobribe, rok of thei contract.
consiliique huius in manibus erant omnium, nulla nota, nussu Color, nullae sordes videbantur his sententiis adlini POSSe, Cum iste rePente ex alacri atque laeto sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, Sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatu videretur.eCC autem repente, hi diebus au Cis, Comitiis Consularibus factis, eadem illa vetera Consilia pecunia maiore repetuntur aede inque Vestrae samae fortunis lue omnium insidiae per eos leni homines Comparantur. luae CS,rimo, iudi CeS, )ertenui nobis argumento indi Cioque Patefacta est )ost aperto susstionis introitu, ad omnia intima istorum Consilia sine ullo errore pervenimuS. VII. 8. nam 18 ut Hortensius consul Mesignatus domum reduCebatur ecopies os the osticia list. The lex Acilia ordered that the praetor Should put uina istis the iudicessor ach tria in the aerarii 1 and Should pernii any one Who ishedio mali a copy O it lex Acilia in Oriis vortit' si agments nil specimens os early Latin P 8 ij. This rute suem to have continue lunde ille later laws de repetundis.
Vordsworth quotes Philip Dis hos ille demens iudices legisset, horum nomina ad aerarium detulisset. nominum vestrorum consiliique huiusJ- nominum veStrorum qui huius consilii estis. ntilla nota, nullus color Se ondi in Caecita et ceratam unicuique dari cera levitima non illa infami de nefaria an belo ut
discoloribus signis iuratorum nominum sententiae notarentur. his sententiisJ hiboriam sententiis the votes os suci a jur a this'.
adlinet Irum transverso calamosi um.
one state os indi circum,tancesto nother: Hor od III o II ex humilisolens Iu VII de rhetore
nam interea alac rem atque laetum. non mod, non modo not
tiarnitalis: theloo to hicli suspicion potntedince pened'. SI UAtio stoni suspicio no stom suspicor)thusa suspicitio, suspiciis, Suspitio. vii. 8. domum reducebaturJroducere is the regular ori soreScortin a candidat home aster the election: e campo or foro. Cfad Q fratrem anum consulem ex senatu domum reduxi.
Cat maia 63 haec enim ipsa sunt honora bilia salutari deduci reduc etc. n the otheriand E ducere in campum o in forum is used os escorting a candidate Dranelection, pro ur et in forume in campum deduci. C ad am
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Campo Cum maxima frequentia ac multitudine fit obviam casu ci multitudini C Curio, quem ego hominem honoris potius quam Contumeliae Causa nominatum volo etenim ea dicam, quae ille si Commemorari noluisset, non tanto in Conventu tam a Derte alam Ue diXiSSet, quae tamen a me pedetemptim cauteque diCentur, ut et amicitiae nostrae et 19 dignitatis illius habita ratio esse intellegatur. 9. Videt ad ipsum fornicem Fabianum in turbaVerrem appellat hominem et ei voce maxima victoriam gratulatur ipsi Hortensio, qui Consul erat factus, propinqui necesSariisque eius, qui tum aderant, ver bum nullurn facit Cum hoc Consistit, hunc amplexatur, hunc iubet Sine Cura SSe renuntio, inquit tibi te hodierni comitiis esse ab Solutum quod
I Huam casis denotin ille undesignei and casual characteros the meeting. Perhaps ironicat. obetuam ire, venire re generalty used os going with the Purpos osmeeting. Curio J on his character C Brutus ῆ et ix neto. II hadbeen consul in B 76 and then Proconsul os Macedonia he die lin II 53. Zumpi. He a the ther os the rilliant renegade audax et ali Curio lingua Lu
quem honoris causa nomino pros
aserie dicere occidendum Eonem. amicisDemost ad Curio remain-ed o good term with Cicero all
i Dret, ad lam II 2. imitatis illius as a consularis who ad obtaine n well-earned triumph in Pisonem sor Successes in Thrace. I9. ad issum fornicem Fabianum just y the Fabian arcti', an arch in the Via sacra ea thesorum, uili h Q at ius aximus Allobrogicus cos C reto. facioli os Crassus in cle orat I
Planc g 7. Pictoriam gratulatur Zuml,tomit victoriam noli authori tyo the two uel MAS: at theothers haverit C mi iuratula- Ius es illius dici celebritatem ad AtDv et g I. inco os succes in litigation pro Ros Com g 53 visisset iudicio, Hor a I et 3 Fabio vel iudice vincam belowa I nocentissimi victoriae. fropinq/ιis necessariisque hins-men an mends'. crim hoc consistit cum aliquo consisteremto stan and tal with, Plaut Cis iv et 31 Cu IV et 16 renuntio the wor has a peculiar significance here a it is there lar term declarine theresult os an election. C II in Verrem cum esses rarior
cum tam multi homines honestissimi audissent statim ad me desertur immo vero, ut quisque me viderat ,rrabat aliis illud indignum, aliis ridiculum videbatur: ridiculum iis, qui istius causam in testium fide, in criminum ratione, in iudicum Potestate non in comitiis Consularibus positam arbitrabantur indignum iis, tu alitus perspiciebant et hanc
gratulationem ad iudicium Corrumpendum SDeCtare videbant. do. etenim Si ratioCinabantur, si honestissimi ho 20 mines inter se et mecum loquebantur: Derte iam a Der
spicue nulla esse iudicia qui reus pridie iam ipse se Condemnatum putabat, is, Postea luam desen Sor eius On Sui a n, est factus absolvitur quid igitur Z quod tota SiCilia, quod a ta 1e, io v
omne S iCuli, omnes negotiatores, omne PubliCae Privatae
que litterae Romae sunt, nihilne id valebit nihil invito
Consules designato. quid, iudi Ces non crimina non testes non existimationem Polluli Romani sequentur non omnia in unius potestate, moderatione vertentur VIII. vere loquar, iudices vehementer me hae re CommoUebat Optimus enim quisque ita loquebatur iste quidem
iudi iιm scandalous'. in criminum ratione A the conduci os the indictinent in iis a. rious counts' sor ratio in an active
de filio Dii here vitae privatae ratio is the antithesis o rerum publicariι rectio Criminum counts . Se pro Murri 67 congredere murιm criminibus issis. spectare videbant so the en lingin hexameter rhythmissa in Verrem quaesisse maereum Pro Ros Amer g o abesse videtur.
demn it. 2o om/res Siculi ille oriis omni S SPIlli, omnes velotiatoresare epexegeticis tota Sirilia Tlienigotiatorcs were Roman citi gens scit ted in the provinces, hocient money at intei est anil bought pcormon Speculation, csII in Verrem
II Di 6 cives Romani qui in Sicilia negotiantiιr the are distinguishedsmm mercatores in bid g 188 and pro Planca 6 nevoliatoribus comis
existimationem post ι KomaniJ Dublic opinion'. csς io, 5, 7 eone of the many Ilustrations os the dissereno is the spirit is alRoman tria stom that os an Eng-l