Ploutarchou Granchoi : Lives of the Gracchi

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g a. l. s. Evτικρυs, vithout disguise', as iis direct esieci'. 10. ητίμου, infamia notabat, ατιμον reddebat, depriving

Calphurni vis Piso Bestia; Cic. Briit. g 128 eius Scipionisi colletu

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CL Ag. 17, 4 γαρ παρρησία προς τὰς αλλας γυναῖκας η μητε παρ' ἀνδρος δεομενη παρὰ πατρbς ελεος εστιν; quanarn ergin Ceteras pnulieres inronte vitane tolerabo vel qui fossaonet vi pus inter Ceferas mulieres Libere et sine sudore versari s where Schomann reniarici; παρρησία proprie Moerfatem loque=idi notat, =aullo ti=nore aut sudores fra se am; hinc in universuim libertatem et Confidentiam Conversancti. Cf. Plail. de rer. diV. Per. D. 482b πότε Ουν αγει παρρησίαν οἰκέτης προς δεσπότηνς Dion. A. R. VIII 7 πολλην γε ημῖν τοὐτ' οἱσει παρρησίαν προς τους δημοτικους, Diod. fri lib. 3 de Tib. Graccho : δυνάμενος παρρησίαν oγειν προς την υπεροχην των ἀντιπρατροτόντων. De familiaritate armiCorum usurpatur Cleoni. 36, 1 συνηθειά τις ην αὐτοῖς καὶ παροησία προς άλληλους : de iure loquendi Coraim. Populo, Senatu, iudicibus apud OratorCS.

licet.

Cf. Diod. Sic. 33, 23 ὁ Γράγχος δημηγορησας περὶ του καταλυε ιν τηναριστοκρατίαν, δημοκρατίαν δε συστησαι, and See I,CX. S. N. καταλυ ε ιν. 3. κληρουχιKόs,' maria, an extension os ine Supplementary law annexedio his hirother's rogation, enacted the restoration to the alloiment-CornIniSSionerqof the aurisdiction, whicla laad been stispended by Scipio Aemilianus, who remitted 129 625 the decision respecting whiat vere donnaniat and what private DOSSeSSionS to the ConSulA. ΜΟΜMSEN, H. E. III P. TO8 ff.

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claus' proposat was uti praeter stipendium n litibus vestes quoque gratuito ex aerario darentatr. Is it i iecame lavv as is probabie acc. to Diod. τοῖς στρατιώταις δια των νόμων τὰ τm dρχαίας αγωγῆς

αυστηρὰ καταχαρισάμενος ἀπειθίαν και αναρχίαν εἰση γαγεν την

veste ni arneta tentoria, hinc saevitiana centu= omlva et Tocation

Seventeenth year existed in the tinae of Servius Tullius Aul. Ged. Io, et 8 , though it uvas osten, in ali probabili ty, violently instino ed. καταλε γεσθαι co/rscribi, to be enlisted'. 8. συμμαχικός, I e civitate socras danda. This proposal ivas brought sor vard to variis the end of his second tribunate, but vehemently opposed by ali classes and finalty relected, 8, 2; 9, 2

Appian b. C. I, 23: ὁ δἐ Γραγχος ... τοὐς Λατίνους επὶ πάντα εκάλει τὰ 'Pωμαιων,ώς Ουκ εὐπρεπῶς συγγενέσι της βουλης ἀντιστηναι δυναμενης ' των τε ἐτερων

συμμάχων Οἰς Ουκ εξην ψηφον εν ταῖς Ῥωμαίων χε ροτονίαις φέρειν, εδίδου φέρειν

ἀπο τοὐδε, ἐπὶ τω εχειν καὶ τουσδε εν ταῖς χειροτονίαις των νόμων αὐτω συντελοῖν-

τας, Veli. PaterC. II 6 Eabae civitarent onanibus Italicis. Os the delati of this proposed law' says Ιhne ve lino v nothing. C. GracchuS Seenas to have distinguis cl bet veen the Latins and the other allies: biat what rights he pro- posed to give to the in respectively does not appeari Monamsen, Hist. Rom. III P. 13O, asseris 'vith the Confideiace usual to hina that C. Gracchiis proposed 'togive the suli franchise to the L atins, and the fornier rights of the Latins to theother allies'. This is, aster ali, ab inere guess and it cloes not agree 'vith the state-ment of Appian Just quoted, accor ting to whicli the Italian allies 'vere to receive the right of votin φηφον φερειν), nor With the passage Dorii Plutarch whichsays that the Italians ivere to be macte ἰσόφηφοι. For the Latins never vere aliovi ed to vote in the Ronaan Conaitia'. IH NE, Nise. Konre, IV P. 469.

Kont. III P. II 5.

The proposal os C. Gracchus was a bribe on the largest Scale, and a meastire which coulci not Gil to imali e paupers os the great naass os iii tependent, self- supporting citi etens. What had fornicHy been an occasionat gratuity he proposedio malae a regular periodicat alio varice. It was ct ineastire in the spirit os Greeli leniocracy, in Which e niciV Perhaps trace the essect os the doctrines instilleti into

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10. ε πευωνίIων ... τὴν αγοράν, lo Vering tiae prace of provision ssor thd poor', Cic. c. 8 ων οὐδεν ἐποιήσατο κέρδος, ἀλλ' o σον ἐπευωνίσαι την αγοράν, ἀπεχρήσατο τη φιλοτιμία i. e. annonam viliorema redderet. ὁ δικαστικόs, the lex Sem ronia iudicii ia of

Senators excluSiVely, Wa S tranSse ed hom thera to ille egetrius. Cf. Appian hi. c. I, 2 2 ota δ' εχων τον δημον ἔμμισθον, υπηγετο και τοὐς καλουμένους ιππέας, or την ἀξίωσίν ἐἰσι της βουλης καὶ των δημοτων ἐν μέσ*, δι' ετέρου τοι οὐδε πολιτεύματος. τα δικαστηρια, ἀδοξοῖντα ἐπι δωροδοκίαις, ες τοὐς ιππέας απι των βουλευτῶν μετέφερε, Veli. Paterc. II 6, 2 iudicia a Se=ratu transfer ebar ad essetiit , 13, 2; Tac. Ann. XII 6o cum Sempronras rogotionibus equester ordo in possesSioiae iudicioretiva locaretur. 11. τδ πλεῖστον ἀπεκοψε τῆς δυνάμεως. Cf. Appian et, set: φασὶ δῆκυρωθεντος αρτι του νόμου τον Γράγχον ειπειν ὁτι ἀθρόως την βουλὴν καθορήκοι:του δ' ἔργου προῖόντος ἐς πειραν μειζόνως ἔτι ἐκφανῆναι το ἔπος του Γράγχου. τό τε γὰρ δικάζειν αυτοὐς 'Pωμαίοις και 'Iταλιώταις ἄπασι καὶ αυτοῖς βουλευταῖς, ἐπιπαντὶ μέτμω, χρημάτων τε περι και α τιμίας και φυγῆς, τους μὲν ιππέας οἱά τινας ἄρχοντας αυτῶν ὐπερεπῆρε, τους δἡ βουλευτὰς ἔσα και υπηκόους ἐποίει.

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επηγοντο, και τἀς των δωροδοκιῶν δίκας, συνιστάμενοι σφίσιν αὐτοῖς και βιαζόμενοι, πάμπαν ἀν μουν, ώς και τb ἐθος ολως της τοιάσδε ευθυνης επιλιγτεῖν και στάσιν ἄλλην τον δικαστικον νόμον Ουκ ἐλάσσω των προτέρων ες πολύ παρασχεῖν.

iliat C. Gracchus and even Ti. Gracchus made at different perlocis disserent proposais for the ne v organigation os the cotiris, and thiat these Propo Sals, whicli never reached the Stage of a persect laxu, vere erroneousty represented as tiae lex iridiciaria os C. Gracchius. Sticta uvas ille relea of Moinnasen in Zei chri f. Alteri a. 18 3 N. Ioa. The attenapi to justi sy and reconcile the variori S State inent S iS ma de A. IV. Zhinapi in his Criminabech: cfer r m. K IUIi H C.

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NOTES ON

CHAPTER VI

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g a. l. 16. πόλεις ἀποικίδας, colonies'. Cf. c. 8, 2; Appiania. c. I, 23 ὀ δἐ Γράγχος καὶ ὀδοος ἔτεμνεν ἀνὰ την 'Ιταλίαν μακράς, πλη- θος ἐμγολάβων καὶ χειροτεχνων ὐή ἐαυτο ποιούμενος, ἐτοίμων ἐς ὁ τι

ilae capital to the Sotitia, East and Nortii of Italy, had been madesrom a rnilitary potnt of vie v, and could there fore serve but partiallylar the Purposes of trade. They vere intended to facilitate the

C. 4, P. 2 C καταμάθοις αν ἀνύσιμον πραγμα καὶ τελε σιουργον επιμέλεια καὶ πόνος ἐστίν.

C. CaeS. C. 4T ἀγαλλόμενον ήγεμόνων τοσούτων ἐξηρτημένων αυ του καιφοιτωντων ἐπὶ σκην ν, Galli. C. 8 τὰ αυτόθι στρατεύματα ενδς ε ξηρτημένα μόνου.

Cf. Xen. Cyr. 5, 4, 2o Οὐδ' ὁ χωρὶς ἄν ἄπεσται ἀλλ' ἐξαρτήσεται τῆς ἰσχύος.

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φορτικόν, errave, molessum, in moribUS illud dicitur, quod insolens est aliisque

επαχθές et δυσάνεκτον. Itaque de faStU POtisfirmum et de superbia cuin aliorum Contemptii ConiunCta, de arrogantia magniloquentia similibi isque vitiis iiqurpari solet Coniungiturque eum αὐθαδείρ, άλα νεία, υβρει. SCHOEΜANN ad Plui . Vii. Cleomen. 13, 1.

paSsage stolii Quintilian inst. 4, 5, farie=alibus uer multaιna detrahetunt fatigationis notata inscriptis Iasidibus spatia. The idea

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for αναβιβάζειν, equitem in equumt in onere. CL Cyr. 7, I, 38

καταπηδήσας τις detro του Ἀπου των του Κύρου υπηρετων ἁναβάλλει αὐτον ἐπὶ τον ἐαυτοῖ rππον, de re ecl. 6, 12 ἀγαθον τον ἱπποκόμον καὶ ἀναβάλλειν ἐπίστασθαι τον II ερσικιν τριπον. Ἀν αβολεύς bccurs again in Plutarch CrasS. C. 3I, Arrian ex P. AleX. I 15, 6,

επέβαινεν.

magistratuna intra Eecena annos careret, neu duos na agiStratus

Cf. Lucian Iup. g 4 p. 6 6 και νυν μετεωροι πάντες εισι ποος ἀκρόασιν ὁπότερος κρατησει, ΙCaroinentPPUS g 3 P. 755 μετέωρος εἰμι υπο των λόγωιρ καιπρος το τελος ηδη κεχηνα της ἀκροάσeως, Alci Phron EpiSt. 2, 4, 6 πάντα μετέωρανὼν βουλόμενα ἐδειν Μένανδρον.

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I 22

NOTES ON

VIII et

Cf. Crass. C. et I οἱ τὰς ἀρχὰς παραγγελλοντες, Μari C. 5 Γαιος Μαμιος αγορανομίαν την μείζονα παρηγγειλεν, ib. C. 8, POmP. C. 52 των αλλων αποστάντων του παραγγέλλειν την υπατείαν : alSO With the prep. εις aS in C. Caes. C. 13 αἰτουμενος δοθηναι αυτω παρ αγγε λ λει ν εἰς υπατείαν απόντι, Cat. min. C. 8, APpian b. C. I, 2 δημάρχων η υπάτων ἡ των ες ταὐτα παραγγελλόντων.

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