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aste ard assembled unde the standare of Vercingetoriae. ver ne
Thel sphere o influenc is describe by Strabo as havin extende Do the Pyrenee to the Ocean and the Rhine andas havin reache South arci to Narbo and the confine of Massilia Str. v. , Q). ut notWittatandi the enormo Asorce hic the collected y the were de aled a the junctionis therigere and the Ri ne by an arm of Ont 3C,CC men Thegenerat in command was no Q. Fabius Maximus, the consul os III. He a a grandSona bicod of L. Paullus Macedonicus and he himself received the sumam os Allobrogicus and enjoy the reputatio of heing the firgi conqueror of Gaul Amm Marc. XV. 12, 4 p. Cic. Font j 36). Domitius agrio Glous of the surrender of the auis eing made to Fabius an no tohimself that he entice Bituitus , he hin of the Arverni into conference, and then Shippe his orto Rome. The Fasters place hi at Alba declaring that it a contrar to publicpeace to et immo ach. The then She to have his onCongentiatus en to them IO Liv. Epiti dii Val. M . a. 6, 3 de perfidia 'in These victorie mere thought of Such i
them, contrar to the genera practice of the Romam, ando the cene of the later action imo temple Were bulla, ne to Mars and the othera Hercules Str. v. I DII; Flor. i. 37 . IV may Sume that Domitius a the constructor of the Via Domitia, Which mas repatred unde the govem Ses of Fontei
It is placi Dom the ancient historiatas that the victor os Domici precede that o Fabius, hut the alter is intere fini in the Fasti mophales, oubiles hecause Domitius Staye beri Vellei
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7 CAESAR 'S GALLIC VARNarbo Roman conquest in Transalpine aut lien, in B. c. II 8, theii n/R' colon os Narbo Martius a Munded. his as a popularmeasure in ursuance of the polic o C. Gracchus, hich was proposed an carried ut in person by the orator L. CraSSus,
In the Same ea the Alpine tribe of the Stoeni a reduced by the consul Q. Marcius Rex Liv. Epit lxii: Στονοι, tr.
Appear The Struggle etween the Roman and the et was nowc sis interrupte by a cataclyS Whicli threatene to verwhelm Teutoni them both. There suddenly appeared illiin the limit os the Roman worid vas hordes os anderin barbarians, Carryingwith them their ives and children, and living on the lunder of the nation through hicli the passed They ere called Cimbri an Teutoni, ut o ne ne exacti stom hencethe came It was aid that he had been dispossesse of theiriwn homes by an inundatio of the orthern ea. TheyWere seople of Strange speech, erce a flame in batile liuge of Stature, and with a glare in thei light-blue eyes. The memoryof them as a tale of terror to the Gauis, ho sam thei landStaid waste, and were themselves hut up ithin their alis and
the Belgae anage to proieci thei territorie sto invasion, sac on hicli their great militar reputatio in Caesar' time
a marmos ,oo men, hen the main od fallie sortii to theptunder of the Province an Italy. The delachment the hadles bellinu alte in vat for thei return, ut contrive toholytheiriwn against thei ne neighbours, an at ast eremerge in the genera hod unde the nam os Aduatuci ii. 29,ῆ 4 5). For a long time the Roman weremo more SucceSSsul in oping illi the invader than the auis ad been unti thepeopte insistedin the appotniment to the command of Marius- himself a sola of the eople, lai Gaius Marius Without a
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handie to his name in and arti mas attened rith the loodo her children This popular eade hom ein a common soldier ad on his a to ossice, and ad been graced by an alliance illi the illustrious fami ly of the Caesars. His Wis Julia as uni o C. Julius Caesar Caesar too therugged soldierin his mode both in politic and war te him, he ought illi the spade almos a much a With the word butae avoide the imitatio of his uncouthnes and brutati ty. It was in Noricum that me Roman firs encountere these Theybarbarians, an encounter hicli in no a redounde to the hcredit ither of the ourage i the conscientiousnes of the Noricum
more civili ged nation Papirius Carbo a consul in the ear II 3 He championed the cause of the Norici hos land hadbeen ravaged, and advance into the Alps in ursuit of themarauders. They sent ambasSadors to Sa that the were unamare Dan connexion belween the Norici and the Romans. Carbo commende thei enuoy an gave them uides to eadthem astray, hile he himself et upo the hos by surprise. But he was himself elaated an his arm oni fave homuiter destructio by the timet fur os the elements Asterthis me barbarians entered aula. Four ears later B. c. Io 9 another consul, II. unius Silanus,
Was deseated by the Cimbri in aut '
Iuv. v. I 27 tanquam habeas tria nomina. Se Plut Mar. i. App.
Liv. Epit lxiii calis the opponent of Carbo 'Cimbri. App. v. 3 ἐκλ.
I in Epit lxv Flor. i. 38 Eutropius iv. 27 credit Silanus Witti
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76 CAESARS GALLIC VANL. Cassius an his arm in the coianir of the Allobroges, and sent the Survivor unde the ohe, fio ni purchaSed thei releas a the trice of hal os ali that the possessed. Among the lain a the legatus L. Piso, grandiather of that L. Piso hos, aughter Calpurnia Caesar arrie hesore hestarte sor Gaul. his des eat o Cassius too place in the ear Io B. c. The eader of the Helvetians a the same Divico VIIo, orty-nine ear later, eade the embasSyis the Helve
Accordin to Eutropius v. I, Cimbri, Teutones, Tigurini, an Ani-
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IVARS IVITH THE GAULS 77cit the Roman were fissed illi alam an indignation. The abrogate Caepio' command passe a decree os exile against im an confiscate hi property- thing that adno been done since the expulsion o Tarquin Caepio ted miserablv leaving two aughter bellin hi molio supported thei lis by shamela means. Aster his the phrase laurum Tolosanum passe into a prover so the ill-gotte gain that neve prosper Liv. Epit lxvii Sall. Jug. II Str. v. I,4 13 D. C. fragm. 88 89 uir. v. I; Aul. Gell. iii. 9, ).It was igit time to en sor AIarius, ho ad just rought Thethe war illi Jugurtha tora successi close H Was appotiate, '' ciconsul so the ear Io in his absene and V thout the prope by Marius. interva o ossice. Just at this conjuncture, howeVer, the barbarians wervexaside into Spain. The respite a a sortunateone so the Romans, sor it Was employed by Marius indisciplinin his men to suci, patience an pomers of Xertionthat the were nown Marius mutes. In the naturalcourse of things Marius ould have gone ut os ossi e the nexi year, ut the Cimbri ere expecte to return, and the eoplewere determine that no ther general hould meet them buthe. So the renewed his consul shi in Io and again in Io 2.
In the alter ea the barbarians at ast reappeared, avingsound the Celtiberians disagreeable. The colleague o Marius in the consulfhi Was the nobi Q. Lutatius Catulus Hemai te in Cisalpine Gaut so the Cimbri, ho ere to descendupo Ital through Noricum, hile Marius arred the wayagainst the Teutoni an Ambrones, hos intention a tomarch along the se coas of Liguria. Marius firs enirenchedhimself, the hone, here e employed his soldier in the constructionis a ne mouili, calle the Fossa Mariana, forme eaSier conveyance of Supplies. Here he hept his amyrus Within camp, ein contento repulse the attach of theenem unti his soldier became et accustome to the sight of them Then the barbarians move on, mockingly Stangine Roman soldier is the had an message O their Wi S.
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8 CAESAR 'S GALLIC VARMarius brohe piis cammand illowed them cautiously. vertat in them at quae Sextiae, here the were enjoyin thelio ballis hicli nature provided, e inflicte a deseat ponthe Ambrones These, accordin t Plutarch, ere O, OOOstron in themsolves, and ad been the victor ove Manlius
bein pressed by the Cimbri. The arm o Catulus had quailed besore the Cimbri, an retired ehin the rive Athesis. The Cimbri however id not res thei advantage, ut enjoyed themselves in Venetia instead indulgin in the luxury of ving
92). his ave Marius time to come rom Rome hi inset whitherae had been summone asterii victory, and O summon his arm Do Gaul. The Cimbri sent ambassadors to imashing or an an cities for thenaseives and thei brethren. Marius inquired ho ere thei brethren. When the replied the Teutons,' the ther Roman present aughed, hile Marius grimi anSwere that a much landos the wanted ad beengive them in perpetua possession TO ensor e the meaningo his ord he ho e them ome chiestains, ho ad been captured by the Sequani in the AlpS. Among the prisoners was Teutobodus himself the in of the Teutoni, ho ster-
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Eutr. v. I). Aster his the in Boiorix rode u to thecamp and Shed Marius to nam the da an place or anengagement Marius replied that it a no the habit of the Roman to consul their nemies a to givinibatile, ut that hewould evertheles oblige the Cimbri- Meet me three daystience in the plain about Vercellae. There in due ourse thesina batile as ought in hicli the Cimbri hare the late of thei brethren Catulus is sal to have done the ork, hut Marius o the loryy. He was halled by the eopte asthe thir Munder of Rome so there ad been no Such Scare since the Jay of Camillus. Aster his alie mewl acquired rovince of Gaul enjoyed eae in prosound eace sor a decade is e ma judge stom the tota 'μὲ absence of recordS I seem to have been in B. C. that C. Caecilius ut down a risin among the Salluvii Liv. Epit.
Ten ear later C. Valerius Flaccus obtaine a triumph sor C. Valerius a Victor OVer Celtiberians and auis. The victor itself,ould ' ἰς μὴ seem to have been on in or besore 3 a Flaccus is
mentione by Cicero as ein in the Province in that earwith the ille os imperator' Pro Quinctio, 24, 8). Caesarmentions his an as havin conferre the citigensiti upon C. Valerius Caburus, the ather of Gaius Valerius Procillus
It was in the ear 83 that Sertorius came into Spain. The L. Valerius deseat and eath of Valerius Praeconinus in Aquitania iii. o. PIRς ζψ
l 1 may be conjectured rom the contexi in hicli it occurs in LuciusCaeSaro have been ne of the incident in the war illi that i ''kVβ- generat, he the repul Se o Mallius hicli is mentioned immediatel asterwards Metellus as ein so oughi handi edb Sertorius that Lucius Mallius came ut o Gallia Narbonensisto assis him. He was deseate in B. c. 78 in Aquitania, and
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Pompeius in Gaul. Cicero sdelance of
io im as Hirtuleius, ne of Sertorius ossicers, ho ad thetille os quaestor, o Sertorius imitate the form os the Romancommonwealth. Besore the arrivali Pompeius the movementunde Sertorius ad eguia to affect Gaul Liv. Epit. Plui.
In the ollowin year B. c. et Pompeius crosse the Alpibya disserent rout sto that sol lowed by Hanniba . He adto glit his a through Gaul, ut is able o boas in his
lette to the Senate that he had recovere the Province Onhi Wayae made a grantis conquered land to the IIassilians . It was horti aster the arriva o Pompeius in Spain, and while the war illi Sertorius a stili Oing on that M. Fonteius wa goVernor for three ear in Gaul. Aster his reti rementsrom ossice he was prosecuted on charges of extortio by a deputation o Gauis eade by Indutiomarus, a lites of the Allobroges. His cause a pleade by Cicero, hos defenceamount roughlyrio his-that the auis ad been irritate by the levies of troops an contributions o cor an moneydemanded romethem by Fonteius in the interest of the common-wealth; that o ne could belleve the wor of the auis, a sacrilegious nation ho ad gone o sar ut of their a tosac Delphi and ad lai siege even to Jupiter Capitolinus. We do not know hether these argument carrie convictionto the ind os the judges. The speech reveat to us the Provincia as a Counir burdene Willi debl a condition common
The murder of Sertorius in a and the subsequentdeseat an death o Perperna rought the war in Spain toa close On his a bach to Ital Pompeius Munded
the own os Convenae o Lugdunum OnVenarum, So called
App. iv. i. Io describes it a nea the Prings of the Rhone and theto. m. i. 35 For the ther facts mentione se Cic. de Imp. n. P. 3o letteris Pompeius, ali fragm. h. iii.
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In 66 and the ollowin year C. Calpurnius Piso, the ConSul C Calpur- of 67, was proconsul in Gallia Narbonensis. He appear totaVei: iquelle some tumuit there, a Cicero ad Att. i. 3 et calis him pacificator Allobrogum.' e must suppos that Cisalpine Gaul as also unde his urisdiction, a Cicero, ritin i 65, when he was meditatin his canuas for the consulfhip tallis of akin an excursion to Piso a legatus etween Septemberand the following January, win to the importanceis Gaul in
In 6 Lucius Murena, ho succeede Cicero in the ConSul Murena and
Ship Μ a pro- praetor in Gaul. ne of the raises that Cicero ' VIQxbςybestows naim is that by his justice an diligetice e nabled hi Ountrymen to recove ia debis in au heres hereturne to Rome in Dio anuaS so the consulfhip he est his brother C. Murena in Charge of the province a legatus Cic. Mur. Sali Cat. 2ὶ Gaul both ithin and without the Alps was a this time in a disturbe state, and the discontentos the eopte a bet ni mented by the emissaries of Catiline, so that C. Murena had to thro a good many eopte into PriSon.
ambassadors of the Allobroges by the Senate Sali Cat. 5o, I),
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Revolt os the Allobroges rohe ut into rebellion Gaius Pomptinus', bibis. ' da ha been praetor a Rome during Cicero' consul ship Cic. PrOV. Cons. 4 Sali Cat. 5, I), a pro-praetor in Gaulduring that ea and the nexi. He had three lieuienant underhina, Manlius Lentinus, Lucius Marius, an Servius Galba, thelastis hom a subsequently lieuienant to Caesar iii I, I). BetWeen them the manage to suppres the revolt, ut the Gallic generat Calugnatus escape capture D. C. XXXVii. 7, 48). Pomptinus a res used a triumphis Some technical round ', but he alte patienti ovisi de the pomoerium unti 5 , hentie at ast obtaine it through the id os Servius Galba, holad then est Caesar and was praetor a Rome D. C. XXXi X. 65). State os From bout the time that e have no reached dates thes,ui. egi nning of thoe en o Gallic Treedom. Gaul ulside the Province a dividesint two actions. At the ea os the onemere the Aedui, at he head of the the were the Sequani and Arverni'. The Aedui derived mora suppor Dom their irother hood with the Romans, an physica support rom heir own Valour and thei numerous dependents. One os thei causes os quarret,ith the Sequani a the river-dues o the hone, os Whicli acti state latine the contro Str. v. 3, Ἀ). Asteryear o struggling the Aedui prove to Strong sor heir Ariovistus opponents. The Arverni an Sequani no committed the fatalmistahe of hiring id rom acros the Rhine. At first 5, ooo
strong. A the ea of this orce asoriovistus, illi hom
Ofte callex Pontinius, as in Liv. Epit citi. Negant enim latum de imperio, Cic. ad Att. V. 8 Baiter
In i. 3I, 6 3 Caesar ascribes the principatus of the anti-Aedua factionto the Arverni in vi Ia to the Sequani. The ancient power os the Arverni ha been haltered by Fabius.