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countr of the Vocontii e marched his arm into that of the Allobroges, and rom there transporte it acros the hone into the land of the Segusiavi, whos capital was asterwards Lugdunum
Napoleon III assio two monilis sor Caesar' various operation Ssince e resu sed a passage to the Helvetii. y this time themigratin horde had at ready cleare thesaSs, and lou complaints were now made to Caesar by the Aedui, the Ambarri, an such of the Allobroges achad possession o the noriti bank of the Rhone, before it junction it the Saone, that thei land were eingmade the pre of the invaders. At his Conjuncture an excellent opportunit presente itSelf. The barbari an were lowl CrosSing the Saone, an operation hich too the twentndays, and whichwas not et complete d. A quarter of thei number ere stili onthe lesti eas bank. A Caesar has no spolienae of his crossing the Saone, butini the Rhone, e must suppos that the territoryo the Segusiavi into hic Caesar rossed a jus the comerhetween the wo rivers here par of Lyon o Stands' Caesarthen also asin the est bank of the Saone. y one of his rapidmovement he sellipon this delachment of the enemy, whol appenedio b the Tigurini, an cut o pieces allis them ho di no escape into the ood S. Then e impresse the ind of the remainderby crossing the rive by a ridge in ne day. The Consequence was that the Helvetii again trie to mali term with the Romans.
But thei choice of a representative as an unfortunate one Forthe Sent the aged Divico who earlyrist years before had inflicted the crusti in and ignomini ous deseat upo Cassius, under hic the pride of the Roman was still smarting. Caesar demandedio stagesseo the Helvetii, hic Divico in his turn was to proud O gi Ve. Nex da the spirit of the barbarians ere aised by a light losso hicli the inflicted pon Caesar' Galli cavat , ho adbeen Sento hee them in iew. For the present Caesar thoughtit sufficient to restrai them stom devastatio an hept folio ingiliem for a forinight at an interva o Some ve or si miles. Mean time provision hegan to run hori. The harve St a notye ripe in the elds, and even forage a scanty. Caesar ad had cor brought up the Saone, butae could notinet a it illio ut
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givindiu his ursui os the Helvetii. Unde these circumstances Caesar calle together the eadin me among the Aedui andupbraide them illi thei fallure o heemthe promise of supportwhicli the had give when the appeale to hi in sor protection.
The vergobret, or hie magistrate among the Aedui, hoSename a Liscus, thre the lame o certain persona influence, which was responsi ble also sor treacher in the Camp. In a private interview illi Liscus Caesar elicite the fac that the orce hichwas Secretly orkin against him a Dumnorix No Dumnorix was the brotheris Divitiacus the Druid than whom there a nomore tauncti upholder of the alliance illi the Romans. The poSition a there re a delicate ne Caesar Sent for Divitiacus
and lai before hi the complainis against his brother. Divitiacus aclino viedge their justice, ut declared with tears that he wouldiose ali influence illi his countrymen i hi brothe were arshlytreate by Caesar Al that could e done a to sen forDunmori and wam im in his rother' presence to avoid all
The Same dab in savourable opportunii seeme to present itfelssor an attach pon the Helvetii Caesar's cout brought imword that the wer encampe at the oot of a hil about eight miles T. During the night Labienus a Sent illi two legionsto o Cupy the summi of the hili, hile toward mornin Caesar advance against the enem by the fame road by hicli the had Come themselves. He ad go withi a mile an a hal of theircam Without his approach hein dis overed, hen an flacer,name Considius, ho ha been sent to explore rode se illi the intelligenc that the auis ere in possession of the ill-top. Isthis eremo, Labienus mus have been defented an Caesar might expect an immediate attach. Soaeire his sor es up the earest hil and waited while the Helvetii ere quieti pursuin theirmarch. It was late in the a besore the true facts of the case
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purSuer instea os urgued, thinhin perhaps that Caesar smovemenis ere dictate by ear. The venture to attac the Roman when the were dra n u on rising ground A long and desperate batile ensued, hicli ende in the Complete de at of the Helvetii and thei allies. About 3O,OO men ho Scape Dom
the territor of the Lingones LangreS). Caesar a occupied during this time illi the care of the wounde and the buria of the dead, uti sent despat he to the Lingones noto assis the fugitives. When e Starte in ursuit of them again the allsurrendere unconditionalty except , O, Who trie to Scape by night, ut ho ere brought ac and laughtere in coldblood. Why, it a b asked, ere the Helvetii ead in northwards, fthei object a to reach the Countr of the Santoni' The answerto his question is to beriound in the fac that the mountains hichii belween the Saone and the Loire rendere thei march duewest a practica impossibility. The Emperor Napoleon has potntedout that in the old coachin Jay the way rom Lyon to a Rochelle a firSt orthward to Autun and the westiuar toNevers. As regard the oin at hicli the Helvetii rosse the Saone and the localit of the batile-tield Caesar has no affordedus sumcient data stom hicho determine them. e must econtent to no that the batile too place M ithi a radius ofeighteen miles sto Bibracte, at a place hicli is no generallyadmitte tora Mont Beu Tay. Aster the submission of the Helvetii and thei allies Caesar restore them to thei Country, referring them S eighbour tolli German who ere preti Certain to te in to thei place. The Boii howeve at the reques of the Aedui Were Settie in the comero the Aedua territor whicli ies etween the Loire and the Allier nea the junctionis hos rivers. B turnin hac the invasio of the Helvetii Caesar ad un- doubtedlydone a service to Gaul, and the Gaul Showed themselves sensibi of the faci the exhibite that gratitude hicli has been define as a livet expectationis savour to come I Caesar ad
dispose of the Helvetii, might he not ri them is of Ariovistus an his Germans Accordingly the requeste that a generalcouncilis Gaul might be held with Caesar' specia Sanction. aliis
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councti as secret, ut the result Soon hecam apparent Thechiela came helare Caesar an asked for a private an Confidentialinterview. Divitiacus actexas spoliesman. He lai before Caesar
the state os politic in Gaul the mistahe that ad been made in inviting id rom the Germans the oppression under hic the Sequani ere no suffering rom thei allies, and the imminentdanger hicli threatene ali aut of a German empire eingestablislied in the counto Caesar a boundo Ariovistus by the conciliator advances hich he had imself madeo hi in his consul shi of the ear besore. ut e di no let his standi his way. Heinexu that Gaul couldio serve two maSters, and Sohe di no hesitate to underlahe the Championshi of the Country, whicli a thus opportunely thruSt upon him. An embaSS to Ariovistus summoning imo meet Caesar half-way vitii a viewto a Conserenc elicited the replydro that potentate that, i Caesar wante to confer ithaim Caesar might comerio him, and that hewondered what Caesar o the Roman people had toto in a Countrywhich he had conquered Caesar' rejoinde to this as an ultimatum to the effect that, i Ariovistus visite to Continue onfriendi term xvith the Romans, e mus no bring an more Germans CroSs the Rhine, must restore thei hostage to the Aedui, an alto the Sequanicio do the fame, an must abstainin future rom aggression o the Aedui or thei allies Thesedemand were et by Ariovistus illi an ope defiance A the Same time fresi embassi e came to Caesar fio the Aedui tocomplain that the Harudes, who had latet been brought into auth AriovistuS, ere ravaging thei territory, and Do the Treveriwith the stili grave intelligence that IO Canton o Suebi vere ready to Cros the Rhine unde the Command of two brothers, Nasua an Cimberius. It was plain that there a no time tobe lost, est these ne invader Should unite themselves vitii the old. Caesar' firs move vas o forestat Ariovistus in occupyingBeSangon, Whicli a then a nox a formidabie orires and
wel supplied illi materia o war. Here his dissiculties erein reased by a pani amon hi Oxv ossicers, win to the exaggerate accounts the received of the siet an figlitin power of the Germans. The generar genius o veve ros equa to the
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the ope Count , brought CaeSar' arm xvithinowenty-Dur miles of Ariovistus an his orces. The German Chies, Consistentlyenough, offere to renex negotiations no that Caesar ad comet hi m. his offer a no refused although it was coupled withthe embarrassin conditio that non but cavair soldiers hould
with the exception of the ossicers ere ali Gavis, o vhom e didno dare to confide his asely so he hept the condition in thelet ter, fiso in the spirit, y mountin his trust Ioth legion on Galli horses, and drawing them p di Smounted ear the placeo meeting. his as a mound in the iddie of a plain bout half-way bet ween theri vo campS. The conferen Ce by the destre of Ariovistus vas et o horsebach, and ni te on eaeli sideattende it beside the wo principals As ei ther part waSprepare to budge Do the position iready taken up it came tonothing, an it vas ultimatel brohe of owin to hostile demonstrations o the par of Ariovistus cavalta. A subsequent offer for the renewal o forma negotiations as resuSed by Caesar, and the irregula enuoys whomae id send his own Gallic interpreterandis person ame Marcu Metius, inlio vas o term os hospitali ty vitii Ariovistus, ere instanti put in iron by the truculent barbariani the preten e that the were pieS. Ariovistus no endeavoured to ut o Caesar stom the supplies
whicli,ereaeing rought up to im Domiti Sequani and Aedui by pitchin his cammtwo miles beyond that of the Roman S. Fortive day the two armies la facing ne nother, Contending onlyin cavato hirmi Shes, unti Caesar Mund it necessar to e Store communication illi his basei estabit Sliin a se con caminabout 6 pace sto that of the Germans. This e to ome severe fighting, ut even o Ariovistus id not Seem incline fora genera engagement. O inquirin fro Captives the reason fortitis hesitatio Caesar discovere that the wi Se omen among the Germans ad declare that the would not e victorious, i theysought e re the nexu oon. ex da accordingly the Romangenera forced an engagement pon them, an after a ercely
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conteste batile, in hi Ch the Succes of the Roman was uelarget to the judicio us actio of Oun Publius Crassus, the Germans sed in the directio of the Rhine, hich was si miles sto the place of batile. Many ere ut down by the cavat . Ariovistus himself es cape in a boat, ut hi two ive perished, and of two daughters, ne a flain and the the talae prisoner.
Caesar' emissaries ere fortunatet recoVered.
The new of this victor deterre the Suebi fro Crossing the Rhine, and the were followed when the turne home ard by the Ubii, ho ut down a good many of them Caesar illidre his troop early into inter-quarter among the Sequani, here heles Labienus in command himself set ut so Hither Gaul tohold the aSSi ZOS. The geographica indications are to vague to allo us to fixthe sit of the batile illi Ariovistus. The ne definite state-ment that we eem to have, namely that the placeoas fistymiles sto the Rhine is rendere uncerta in by a differenc in theMSS. Some of hicli ave ive. Cernay, here Napoleon III locates the batile, cloes no agree illi et ther reading.
Degeription GALLIA est omnis diVisa in parte treS; quarum unam IV μμ incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur HL omnes
1. I. omnis, a a hole. his ent unde the nam os Gaul. In wor distinguishes the present se the 'ime Augustus, 'hem allo Gallia frona that in m. here it Transalpine Gaul was ali he Roman- stand oni for Celtic aut his sed, cit a naturali regarde ascollective use of omnis is ver com divide into forι parismon in Caesar. ut o confine to . Narbonensis Provincia),him. Thus Tacitus egi iis his ac 2. Aquitania, count of German with Germania 3. Lugdunensis,
omni . . . SeParatur, an Cicero . Belgica.
De Inu. I, 9 has omnis for ut of thes the secon portion as totus in a passage here e might ad large than the Aquitania fleast expect it- nihil autem omnium Caesar by the addition o Murteen rerum melius quam omnis mundus tribe dWellinil between the Garonne administratur.' and the Loire Strabo iv. I, I; tros Exclusive is Provence. 2 a. Caesar is thinhing of the aut e Celtae . . . Galli Gallicis aid conquered, and 4, Moes OD ake to mean warriors, bein connected account ei ther of the Cisalpine or illi the Iris gal valour The TranSal Pine province, ,hicli alSo meaning of Celtae is uncertain.
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lingua, institutis, legibus inter se disserunt Gallos ab
Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Se-3 quana dividit. Horum omnium sortissimi sunt Belgae,
propterea quod a cultu atque humanitate provinciae longissime absunt, minimeque ad OS Orcatore SaePC commeant atquC OR, quae ad etaminando animos pertinent, im Portant, ProXimique Sunt Germanis, qui trans Rhenum incolunt, quibuscum Continenter bellum gerunt.
Otia de causa Helvetii quoque reliquos Gallos Virtute Praecedunt, quod sere Cotidianis proeliis cum Germanis contendunt, Cum aut Suis finibus eos prohibent, aut ipsi in eorum finibus bellum gerunt. Eorum Una PHrS,NUAmGallos obtinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano Continetur Garumna flumine, Oceano, finibus Belgarum attingit etiam inta Sequanis it Melvetiis flumen Rhenum vergit ad septentriones Belgae ab ex tremis Galliae finibus oriunturn pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni spectant in septentrionem et orientem Solem Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad
Pyrenaeo montes ita eam Tartem Oceani, quae 'St
tion, Garonne.' m. Galliae. In the fame way 5. Eorum Carrying in Hi in ii. 3 Belgium is excluded stomomnes' in is, and Horum omnium Gallia- Remi, qui proximi Galliae in Q : ut in hat fossows there ex Belgis sunt.' is a confusion o expression The septentrionem. e had Septen-word referre t in dictum est are triones in a and it recur in and incolunt . . . tertiam partem . . . in I 6, The singular, though Galli inrici, here sars' refers to ungrammatical, cis sed i good the country, while here it resers to the writer both in prose and verse Allpeople It is therelare necessar to the paris of Gaul are spolien os astahe 'Eorum loosel in translatin lyin to the orth, beeauS aut as- One Par thereos, hic it has a hole is non o Italy p. v. been aid that the aut occupy. 2o, o, omni Gallia ad septentria Sequanis, in the si de of the one Vergit.'
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Ambitionos Orgetorix He Persuades the Helvetii oemigrate in a body.
ad Hispaniam, pertinet Spectat inter OccaSum solis et
Apud Helvetios longe nobilissimus sui et ditissimus 2 Orgetorix I. M. Messala et M. Pisone consulibus regni cupiditate inductus coniurationem nobilitatis fecit et civitat L persuasit, ut de finibus suis Cum omnibus
copiis MX irent: perfacile isse. Cum Virtute omnibus
praestarent, totius Galli aes imperio sotiri. Id hoc a facilius eis perSuasit quod undique loci natura Helvetii Continentur: una e X partes flumine Rheno, latissimo atque altissimo, qui agrum Melvetium Germanis dividit altera e parte monte Iura altissimo, qui Stinter Sequanos et Melvetios . tertia lacu Lemanno et flumine Rhodano, qui provinciam nostram ab Helvetiis dividit His rebus fiebat, ut et minus late Vagarentur et minus facile finitimis bellum inferre possent, quo a Perte homines bellandi cupidi magno dolore afficiebantur; pro multitudine autem hominum it pro gloria belli 5 atque fortitudinis angusto Se fines habere arbitrabantur,2. I. Orgetorix. The termination rix, hicli occurs in s many Gallic names cp. Ambiorix Cingetorix, Dumnorix Eporedorix, Lugotorix Vercingetorix means ling.'Monsleur 'Arbo is de ubainvillewout assign to this nam thetruculent signification hin of
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qui in longitudinem milia passuum CCXL, in latitudinem
CLXXX patebant. His rebus adducti et auctoritate Orgetorigis permoti constituerunt ea, quae ad Proficiscendum pertinerent,
comparare, iumentorum C Carrorum quam maXimum numerum Oemere, Semente quRm maXimas facere, ut in
itinere copia frumenti suppeteret, Cum proXimis ciUita tibus pacem et amicitiam confirmare. Ad ea res conficiendas biennium sibi satis esse duxerunt in tertium annum prosectionem lege confirmant Ad eas res con-
3 ficiendas Orgetorix deligitur Is sibi legationem ad
civitates Suscepit. In eo itinere persuadet Castico, Catamantaloedis filio, Sequano, cuius pater regnum in Sequanis multos annos obtinuerat et a senatu populi Romani amicus appellatus erat, ut regnum in Civitate Sua occuparet, quod pater ante habuerat itemque Dumnorigi Aeduo, fratri Divitiaci, qui eo tempore principatum in civitate obtinebat ac ma Xime plebi acceptu erat, ut idem conaretur, persuadet eique filiam suam in matri monium dat. Perfacile factu esses illis probat conata perficere, Propterea quod ipse suae civitatis imperium
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3. 6-Αttemptio bring Orgetorix
obtenturus esset: non esse dubium, quin totius Galliae plurimum Helvetii poSsent; Se sui copii Suoque eXercitu illis regna conciliaturum Confirmat Hac oratione ad Νducti inter se fidem et iusiurandum dant et regno occupato per tres potentissimos ac firmisSimo populos totius Galliae sese potiri OSSO SPOrRnt. Ea re est Helvetiis per indicium enuntiata. Moribus 4 suis Orgetorigem e Vinculis causam dicere coegerunt. Damnatum Poenam equi oportebat, Ut igni cremaretur. Die constituta causae dictionis Orgetori ad iudicium omnem suam familiam, ad hominum milia decem, undique coegit et Omne Clientes obaeratOSque SUOS, quorum magnum numerum habebat, eodem CondUXit per OS, ne causam diceret, se eripuit Cum civita ob eam rem incitata armis ius suum X sequi Conaretur multitudinem
que hominum X agris magistratu cogerent, Orgetori X mortuli CSt; neque abest Suspicio, ut Helvetii arbitrantur, quin ipse sibi mortem Con SciUerit. Post eius mortem nihilo minus Helvetii id, quod con GStituerant, Tacere conantur, ut e finibus suis XOant. Ubi iam se ad eam aem paratos esse arbitrati Sunt, oppida Sua omnia, numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentoS, reliqua priUata aedificia incendunt, frumentum a Omne, Praeterquam quod Secum Portaturi erant, comburunt, ut domum reditionis spe sublata paratiore ad
tinere' seem to have the sense of getling,' ut the more sua one
5. a. omum rectitionis. Thisverba substantive here ovem acas like the gerund. o Cic. de Div. i. θ 68 domum itionem.'