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a magnum ii iis numerum Occiderunt ROSA Una Caesar aestate duobus maximis bellis consectis maturius paulo. ς' δ' '
quam tempus anni poStulabat, in hiberna in Sequanos Gaul. exercitum deduXit hibernis Labienum praeposuit; ipse in citeriorem Galliam rast conventus agendos Irosec
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THI book is almost holly aken up illi the war illi the Belgae. While the inhabitant of Celtic Gaul ere in t vo ind about thei ne Champio an liberator the Belgae, holad affinities of race illi the Germans, hadiso doub at alitu that in Caesar laya anger hicli threatene their own independenCe. During the winter the forme a league against the Romans, hicli ad the Sympath Dom various reaSons of many of the Celtic auis. New of thi movement a brought to Caesar in Cisalpine Gaul. e made it the occasio foro lev of two ne legionS, whichrae sent into Further aut in the pring unde the commandos a nephew of his own Quintus Pedius. Ag oon a forage hecameplenti sui, he himself rejoine his army. H does no tellis here, but e may assume that it a a Besangon, a the inter-quarterShad been among the Sequani. His first step was to et theraeighbours of the Belgae toruscertain What a going on amon them. O learning that thei forces Were heing concentraled, he determined himself to talae the initiative. sorinight' marching rought him into the territories of the Belgae. his promptitude had the immediate advantage of secur- in him the entire submission of the Remi, the tribe eares to
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DE BELLO GALLICO LIB. II 65 Celtic Gaul, who remat ne eve aster his mos salthsul allies. Theydente that he had ahen an par in the confederation them-selves, but declare that at the res of the Belgae ere in arm asweli a the German tribes h dwel o the nea si de of the Rhine. This statement mustae alien With a light qualification, formetther the Mediomatrici, Treveri, o Leuci Seem to have played an parti the war. Fro the Remi CaeSar a able o procure statisti sas to the contingent promised by the variou tribes. He assurther informe that the conductis the waria been entrusted by universa consent to Galba, the king of the SueSSiones, o account of his ustice and wiSdom. The Bellovaci ere at once the mos populous and the ostwarithe of the Belgia tribes. Caesar arranged illi Divitiacus that the Aedua forces hould e led into thei territor witha vie to delachin them Do the main Ody, hen the found their own homestead threatene Wit destruction He thenadvance to the Aisne an pitched his caminon the further bank, so that ne si de of it a protected by the stream. At the fame timeae Lept his communications illi the counto in his rear penb leavin Sabinus illi si cohort o the near id of the rive toguar the bridge by hic he had Crossed. There a a tow of the Remi Calle Bibrax, eight miles DomCaesar' camp. his as attache with fur by the Belgians, and the garrison it dissiculi hel out during the lay. In the night
the sent a message to Caesar illi an urgent equest for heip. Besore daybrea Caesar thre his Numidia an Creta archersan Balearic linger into the place who Sumcedo deter theenem Do further attach. The alter vente their age onthe surroundin hamleis and the encampe withi two miles of the RomanS. The positio talae umb Caesar a naturali a Strong one, S
post hel by Sabinus and realii nidown the ridge. ut Caesar was arne in time by Sabinus and came pon them, hile stili in
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This is halcis known a the batile of the Aisne Iis localit is more determinabi tha that o any e have had et Indeed the Emperor Napoleon III a satisfied that it was absolutelydetermined, and that the ver campi Caesar had heen discoveredo the illis Mauchamp. The pol ni at hic Caesar crossed the Aisne' declares to have been that here now stand the village of erry-au-Bac. He ould have us helleve that the retrenchment os Sabinus Iesu- fons are stili visibi there. The marshwhic intervene belween the Romans and the Belgian was forme by the mali river lette, hic runs into the isne belween Bero-au-Ba an Pontaveri LaStly the tomis Bibrax, eight miles sto Caesar' Camp, hic has been variousi localedat thure, Brughres, Neukhatel, Beaurieux, and the hil of Vieux-Laon, is no known to have occupied the last-name position. Folle in thei attac o Bibrax an in thei attempto CrosSthe Axona, and inclin provision beginning to ait them, the Belgae o determine to return to their severa homes, o theunderstandin that the were to ali to the defence of the rst member of the league that houldae attached. his decision ashastene by the fac that the Bellovaci ere in an case bent onretumin to proieci thei homes against Divitiacus an his Aeduans. The set ut at night, an Caesar, not knowin thereasons for their move, ept his orces illiin camp fearin an ambusti In the momingae sent his cavato in pursuit illi three legion to suppori them. Great avo was thus ad of the rear of the Belgae, ho eremo supporte by thos in front. Nextiara long marchirought Caesareto Noviodunum o Soissons besore the Suessione had reache it themselves. Heriound it too Stron to e Carrie by assauit, notwithStanding the paucit of defenders. During the night the fugitive Suessiones oured into it but, vera ed by the preparation for a lege, the Surrenderedihel arm and gave hostages, among hom ere two sons of hingGalba imself. Fro the Suessiones Caesar en on to the Bellovaci, ho ad thrown themselves into the ow of ratuspantium, hic hasbeen variousi locate a Beauvais, Montdidier, o in the eigh-
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The Nervii alone threatene resistance. The were CCounted the mos Savage among their Wn Ountrymen, and the were also
the mos distant, thei territor extendin v to Bruxelles. Aster three clays march through thei Counto Caesar ascertaine Domcaptives that the rive Sambre Sabis Was no more than tenmilesiis, and that o the far si de of it at the Nervii were attingsor im, together it the Atrebate an Veromandui, homoheylia persuade to hare the fortune of war illi them, hile the Aduatuci also ere o their a to oin them. earing this,
Caesar Sent on Cout an Centurion to Choos a Cam for hi m.
Upo no he had been marchin wit his legion separate at Some Considerable interva by their aggage. The auis and Belgians in his train, observin this informed the Nervii that theirbest plan would e to attac therars legion ascit Camerint Camp, while the men ere stili unde EnapsaCks an unsupported by theres of the army. Accordingly the Nervii lay hi in the wood onthe sar si de of the Sambre, letting only thei Cavalry, in hic they
and were hanesto hand wit the legionibesore the lalter ellanewwhat was appening Then egan a da of hequere fortunes Such a Caesar ad not encountered et The vie was impeded by the hic hedges illi hicli the Nervii protecte them selves against the cavato Pother tribes, o that one partis the arm hau
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to ac independenti of the ther. The in th an tentii legions, whicli ere o the lest o Caesar' line, ere victorious iso the first ver the Atrebates ho ere oppoSed to them the levent han eighthisis cope successit ly illi the Ueromandui; ut thetiuel fili and seventi suffered severelyat themand of the Nervii, who, unde thei leade Boduognatus, actuali posses sed themselves of the Roma Camp. o lac di thing look, win to the ight of the light-armed the cavat , and the Camp-fossowers that theauxiliar horsemen of the Treveri rode o sto the fiet and brought home the repor that the Romans had been routed. his hoWeVer a no So. Caesar' persones example restore Spirit tolli distresse legions the two legion that were in charge of thebaggage made an opportune appearancein theraeid, and Labienus, who ad capture themill on hicli the enem hau been encamped, and could se Domi here hat a going on sent ac the tenthlegion to the assistance of the twelfth and sevenili. The the fortune of the fiet turned, and the final result was the almos tota destructio of the Nervii. When this resul beCame apparent, the Survi Vors
Such was the batile of the Sambre. The data re certaint notsufficient to determine iis exact hereabo uis, but Napoleon' plans place the scene oscit at a potnt calle Haulmoni belween Bavay an Maubeuge. The Aduatuci, who ere descendant of the Cimbri and Teutoni,ha been o th et wayrio o in the patrioli combinatio forme by the Nervii, ut o hearing the new of the batile the returnedhome and desertin ali heir theroowns an fortresses, thre them selves into a single town to hicli Caesar give no name, and whicli is herelare nown to us ni a. Aduatucorum oppidum.'It is identi fied by Genera Goeler,ith Falhige and by Napoleon III With the ciladel f Namur. Confident in the strengi of their
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da the oldiers e re let into the own and the inhabitant sol by auction to the number of 53, O. Mean time the eventi legion one of the two hichaad sumeredso much in the fight illi the Nervii ha been sent unde Command of Publius Crassus against the Armorica States, hichseem alicio have submitte without resistance. The restige of the Roman arm Was no Soarea that offers of submission even canae sto in the tribes acros the Rhine. Caesarhowever a no anXi Ou torae orto Cisalpine Gaul an Illyricum so he old the enuoy to come ac to hi in the pring of the solio in year. The arm y a Sent into inter- quarter among the Camutes, AndeS, Turones, and ther States hic Were earer than these to the seat of war. At Rome the appreciation os Caesar' succes too the hi therio unlieard-o formis a thanks-givingi fisteen dayS duration.
CUM esset Caesar in citeriore Gallia in hibernis , ita ae
uti supra demonstravimus, crebri ad χum rumore D.14. 'asserebantur, litterisque item Labieni certior fiebat omnes 1-33. Belgas, quam tertiam Sse Galliae partem diXeramus, Ne 'VS fcontra populum Romanum Coniurare ObSidesque inter sederaey se dare Coniurandi has esse cauSas primum, quod vererentur, me omni pacata Gallia ad iox MXercitus against thea noster adduceretur deinde, quod ab nonnullis Gallis sollicitarentur, partim qui, ut Germanos diutius in Gallia versari noluerant, ita populi Romani Xercitum hiemare
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ne legions into Gauland himselfjoin the
atque inveterascere in Gallia moleste serebant, partim qui mobilitate et levitate animi novis imperiis studebant; ab nonnullis etiam, quod in Gallia a potentioribus atque iis, qui ad conducendos homine facultates habebant,
vulgo regna occupabantur, qui minus facile eam rem imperio nostro consequi Poterant.
His nuntiis litterisque commotus Caesar duas legiones a in citeriore Gallia novas conscripsit et inita aestate, in interiorem Galliam qui deduceret, Quintum Pedium legatum misit. Ipse, cum Primum pabuli copia esse a inciperet, ad eXercitum venit. Dat negotium Senonibus a reliquisque Gallis, qui finitimi Belgi erant, ut ea, quae
apud O gerantur, cognoScant Seque de his rebus certiorem faciant. Hi constanter Omne nuntiaverunt manu cogi, exercitu in Unum docum Conduci. Tum vero sdubitandum non existimavit, qui ad OS Proficisceretur. Re frumentaria Comparata castra OUet diebuSque cir 6
citer quindecim ad fines Belgarum pervenit. Eo cum de improviso Celeriusque omni opinionem venisset, Remi, qui proXimi Galliae e Belgis sunt, ad eum legatos Iccium et Andecumborium, primos Civitatis, miserunt, qui dicerent e suaque omnia in fidem atque in potestatem populi Romani permittere, neque se cum
3. involerascere, 'obtain afooting. Cp. V. I, D, C. i. 44, 3 iii IIo, m. 6 4. Vulgo regna oeeuORBRntur. It was the age of tyranis ' in Gaul, a stage through hic the Greelawortu had also pasSed. 2. Q. Quintum octium. Anephew or grandnephew of Caesar'sthrough a sister, andine of his heirs. Suet. J. C. 83. 3. Senonibus Thei positionis marked by Sens in the depariment of YOnne. 3. I. Emi Thei capital WasDurocortorum, o Reims in the deparimentis Mame. Gallias, i. e. Gallia Celtica. Cp. i. I, Galliae. Iocium Horace has an oderanda episti e Carm. i. in Epist. i. Ia
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4.3 DE BELLO GALLICO LIB. VI II Belgis reliquis consensisse neque contra populum Roma-3 num ConiuraSSe, paratoSque esse et obsides dare et imperata facere et oppidi recipere et frumento ceteris que rebus iuvare reliquo omne Belga in armi esSe, Germanosque, qui cis Rhenum incolant, sese cum his
coniunXisSe tantumque eSSe eorum omnium iurorem, Ut ne Suessiones quidem, fratre ConSanguineoS UC SUOS,
qui eodem iure et iisdem legibus utantur, unum imperium unumque magistratum cum pSichabeant, deterrere Potuerint, qui cum his consentirent. Cum ab his quaereret, quae civitates quantaeque in Insorma- armis essent et quid in bello POSSent, Sic CPeriebat the Beleae ' plerosque Belgas Sse ortos ab Germanis Rhenumque antiquitus traductos propter loci sertilitatem ibi consedisse Gallosque, qui ea loca incolerent, XPUESSO OlOS- que OSSe, qui Patrum Ostrorum memoria omni GalliaveXata Teutonos Cimbrosque intra fines suos ingredia prohibuerint qua e re fieri, ut earum rerum memoria magnam sibi auctoritatem magnosque spiritus in re
militari sumerent. De numero eorum omnia se habere
explorata Remi dicebant, propterea quod propinquitatibus affinitatibusque coniuncti, quantam quisque multitudinem in communi Belgarum concilio ad is bellum pollicitus Sit, cognoVerint. Plurimum inter eos Bello-
the depariment of Aisne. i. 4O, superarint . . . Potuerint.'4. I. ortos ati Germanis. Q. RgΠΟSQum BDiritu . . . Tacitus Germ. 28 says- Treveri sumerent. Cp. i. 33, tantos et Nervii circa assectationem Ger sibi Spiritus . . . Sumerat.'manicae triginis ultro ambitiosi l . habere TDIorata. i. 5, SI sunt, tanquam per lanc gloriam coactum habebat.' sanguinis a similitudine et inertia communi Belgarum concilio. Gallorum separentur.' Cp.i.3λῆ concilium totius Galliae.'
a. ingredi prohibuerint. See 4. Devovacos Theoow of iv. egredi prohibebant. Beauvat in the depariment of Oisej 2, 3. Prohibuerint ... sume is thoughtrio derive iis nam homrent. The irstris an historic laci, the this people.
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a C. IULII CAESARIS 4 5- vacos et Virtute et auctoritate et hominum numero valere hos posse Conficere armata milia Centum, pollicit S MX Ο numero electa SeXaginta, totiusque belli
imperium sibi postulare Suessione suos esse finitimos latissimos seracissimosque agros possidere. Apud eos fuisse regem nostra etiam memoria Divitiacum, totius Galliae potentisSimum, qui cum magnae parti harum regionum, tum etiam Britanniae imperium obtinuerit; nunc esse regem Galbam ad hunc propter iustitiam prudentiamque suam notiui belli summam omnium voluntate deferri oppida habere numero XII, polliceri milia armata quinquaginta totidem Nervios, qui maXime sseri inter ipsos habeantur longissimeque absint quin sdecim milia Atrebates, Ambianos decem milia, Morinos XXV milia, Menapios VII milia, Caletos X milia Veli O- casse et Veromanduos totidem, Aduatucos decem aet