장음표시 사용
51쪽
CHARACTER CAESAR 3 adversaries B. G. i. Ia,4 6 14, 4 v. 22,4 6 . The riter of the Bellum Africanum speah of the specia lavour os the God toward Caesar 74, ), an mentions divine service aster the batile os Thapsus 86, ). ut though Caesar as itin to e helped by religion, he a very unwillingo bethwarte by t. the Claudius in the rs Punic War and
Flaminius in the second, he was no the an to e deterred by omen. Suet. . C. 59 77, I), ut Unlike hos CommanderS, he succeede in spite of them unti his da os doOm came. As Caesar claimexto e descende Do the Gods, hecis hardlylihelyrio have professe opinion that ere derogator to them. In his laudationi his avni Iulia, deli vere in his quaestorship Suet. J. C. ), after potnting ut that his amit were descendedo the mother' fide rom Ancus Martius and o the ather'sfro Venus, he went on to say, 'There is there re in her racethe divinit of hings, hos poWer i greateS among men, and the holines of the Gods, in hos poWer are hing themSelveS.'The motive of this language is preti obvious, but the an ageiiset is certaini no that of the Epicurean. Josephus Ant. xviii. I, telis us that he the adducees came into pomerthe had to consor to the doctrines of the Pharisees, eis thepeople ouldio have put up illi them. In the Same Way ema suppos that the Epicurea philosophy ould not have
gone down illi the multitude, ho re generali more devout than thei rulerS. But haleve Caesar' religious convictions may have been Belles in
there is ne hin in hichi belleve pro undiy, and that is Rhimself He was certainingisted with more than his due hareo that absurd presumption in their own good fortune, ofwhicli Adam Smith speah a characteristic of the reater part
wa due o im Vo are carryin Caesar an his fortune' hiis o this eatur of his character, though the ne dote is probabi mythical Plut Caes. 38 Lucan. V. 577, C.).
52쪽
Which very Roman os distinction a assumed tot capable of commandin an arm in the sield Without an previous training. They didio alivays justis this assumption, ut as a ule theydid. Cicero as ne of the east arithe of men, but evenietoo the command against the Obber tribes in his province, and acquitted himself,ith sussicient credit to e saluted by his soldier a Imperator, o that we have letters extant sto Caesar Imperator o Cicero Imperator Caesar himself was ove fortywhen he wen to tali the command in Gaul, and though heliadia some experiene in War e re it id not amount tomuch When quite a outh he had serve his firs campaignunde M. Minucius Thermus in Asia, and was rewarded by him With corona civica sorii gallant in the lege of Mitylene B C. O) Tw years latera seem to have had a brusti Ciththe pirates unde P. Servilius Isauricus asterward consul illi Caesar in B. c. 48 the ear of the batile of harsalia), ut ehurrie bach o Romemthearing of the death of Sulla s. c. 8). In the ollowin year he was himself captured by pirates of theisland of harmacusa no oone however ad the releagedhim for a ransomis fisi talenis, thanae launchedis fleet DomMiletus and captured them He had been on his way to attendthe lectures os Apollonius Molo a Rhodes hen his incident occurrex an he was again calle a Way rom his studies by the alarm of war illi Mithridates He rossed ver into Asia, levied troopsin his own authori ty, expellexa leuienant of that monarch fro the province, an confirme the waverinisatthos the cities Suet. . C. ) His quaestorshi in Further Spain Wa Spent holly in civit pursutis, andae est it elare his time
53쪽
had expired; ut a pro-praetor in the fame province hereduce the Lusitani an Gallaeci, advance the Roman a Sumto the Ocean, and merite a triumph hich he was obligedio resign, ascit clashed With his petitio sor the consul ship. Such were Caesar' prolusions for the reat imggle that laybelare him in Gaul. Heia served under no great Commander, but e ma surmis that he hadiso neglecte militar historyand the Gree tacticians, ah was not he hoS prepOSterouS
began to et up thos subjecis aster the had been elected
uncovered, hether in uni rain Suet. . . 57), aridae ore his purpi paludamentum in orde that his soldier might thebetier recogniS him B. G. vii. 88, I).It was by the magin celerit of his movement more than Celerity. innythin eis that he disconcerte his oes. He a a Verythunderbolt of war, that alighted irst, and est themois to comeaster ards. The Belgae ere reduced e re the had time todra breath. The Arvernians imagine themselves Sase fora time, protected by the now of the Cevennes, and with Caesar a a in Italy, hen ali os a sudde Caesar descendedupon them a stom the Clouds, and began Scaltering devaStationsa and wide B. G. vii. 8ὶ The leavin Brutus in charge of the orce, Caesar himself madetis With at speexto Vienna onthe hone, ichedis there ome cavair that he had sento previOuSU, rode nigh and da untilae reached the territory
54쪽
of the Lingones, and ad his orces concentrate besore theenem Were Ware of hi movemenis B. G. vii. ). Caesar' caution a no es marhed than his courage. eneve hea os his eing ahen by surptis o of his fallita into an ambush. In the Gallic a this is the les surprising as his
plent os experienc against more it adversaries. He pridedhimselfin the care that he took of his soldiers, and cheched their ardour henae didiso conside that the objecto b attainedWas orth the riSh B. G. vii I9, 4 5 5a, ). e retoidi Suetonius J. C. 67hthataster the disaster unde Sabinus and Cotta, Caesar a s affected by the ossis his me that helet his liai and beard romunti he had avenged them. The two qualities that Caesar demande of his en ereobedience and courage. An disposition to criticige or question the plans os thei generat Was ut down by him at once B. G. i. o, Io II). The ear hicli the arm mere begin- ning to seel of the Germans unde Ariovistus as reate in drasti fashion by Caesar. Similari in Africa, he his mall
55쪽
was ot Without polic to that he ea sexto cal them milites,' an adopted the blander term commilitones ' 'It is wellanownio Caesar' soldiers lovedaim. More han Their an generatae re or aster him he had the arti securing men's ς ' λψ devotion He inspire them indeed With a superhuman courage, and the were ready to dare ali an die foraim. An this notoni on the fiet when his yes e re pon them, ut hen in the Civit War his veterans et in to the power of his adverSarie S, it was in vain that the were offere their lives o conditionos figlitin against him the preferre to e bulchered in oldblood Caesar has himself celebrate the gallanir of many
brave men ho ought unde him, Such a P. Sextius Baculus, of Whom he speah in three places, the agi e-bearer of the tentii
legioni ho headed the and in in Brita in iv. 25, 3-6), Titus Balventius v. 35, χ), Titus Pulio an Lucius Vorenus v. ), Lucius Fabius vii. 7, o, Q), Marcus Petronius vii. o,
illa, ), Crastinus, an evocatus of the tentii C. iii. I, 99).
An these ere centurions. ut Plutarch and Suetonius combine in recording the nam os a common soldier, C. Acilius,
Who emulated the courage os Cynaegirus, the brother of Aeschylus, an havin iliis rightiand cutiss in the attemptato board a vesset in the ea-fight a Massilia, nevertheles jumpe o board and drove the enem besore im illi the bos of his hield ne
Suet. I. C. 67 p. ac Agr. 33. See C. iii. 7I, for Labienus brutatallusion to this appellation. See Ap. 4 -6, and cp. Suet. I. C. 68 plerique capti concessam sibi sub
conditione vitam, si militare adversus eum vellent, recusarunt.' See also the stor o Granius Petro in lut Caes. I 6, Who stabbed imself after Sann that Caesar' soldiers ere on to vant mercyaut notrio tali it.
56쪽
28 CAESARS GALLIC IVARother hero os the antis must e mentione here, ecause his eXploit supplie a missin incident in Caesar' campaigia in Britain. Some Centurions ho ere eading the an ad otinio a moraSS, When the were Suddent attached by the enemy. private seein their ange leap to the rescue, an aster persorining prodigies of valour, dispersed the Me an saved the centurions. He ad then to ge himself out of the marsh, which e id illi reat dissiculty, parti by Winamin and parti by walhing. He a me on his anilin With shout ofapplause. ut he himself, illi a downcas ai and with tears in his yes thre himself a Caesar' seet, an Masked orgivenesssor havinitos his hield Something of the secretis Caesar' sinfluenc is reveat exto us in the word of one holad himself Serve unde him, Wh says that he things ere ookingblaches in Africa, the oldier could sin comsor no Khere,
In addition to his ther qualifications S a generat, CaeSarposSesSed an aptitude sor engineering Montaigne has re-marhed that there is nothing on hich he welis illicio much gestos o the Subitet of his own mechanica contrivances. This remar is illustrate by the famous hapter ora the ridgeove the Rhine iv. 7), his account of Whicli is o clear, despite the dissiculi of the subjeci, that Genera de Re e was ableto constructis mode oscit . It is illustrale also by the wayin hicli e enlarge o the character os his orks at Alesia
vii. 72, 3). The Gallic method o bulldini iv. 23 had also
a peculia interest sor him, an he admire the aut so their
Perhaps this sint another versio of the stor toldi Val. Max iii. a 23 of the gallanir displayed by Cassius, or ache calis him, Caesius Scaeva, during the landing of the Roman in Britain. To e seen in the renchmuseum os Nationa Antiquities atriaint- Germain Salle iii Vitrine 25.
57쪽
In B.C. 6 he had writte to Atticus ii I,4 6 Quid si etiam Caesarem,
cuius nunc venti valde sunt Secundi, reddo meliorem, num tantum obsum
58쪽
3 CAESARS GALLIC IVARhad been doubie in honour os Pompeius at the lose os thewar illi Mithridates This a done in Cicero' consul shipand on his proposai. ut te days er no thoughtenough sor CaeSar. Cicero vote sor steen or im, and Pompeius assente to a igher honour than ad ver been bestowed pon himself. The fame number os days as again
and after the deseat of Vercingetorix the number a ratSed to tWentylNow hy,ere these unparalleled honourcheapexo Caesar λPartlymo doub becauseae a the popular idol, partly becauSehe had ribe preti nearly eve bod in one Way or another, but parti also ecause he was reali considere to have done greater Or than any one be reaim, an to e the greatest genera that Rome ver produced. The historians os Rome, whether the wrote in Latin or Greeli, re ali agreed about this Howeve unisvourable the may be to hi in ther respecis, his achievement in the et lose nothin in theirtelling. Velleius Paterculus ii declares that his exploiis at Alesia ere Suchis a man would Scarcet dare, an hardlyan but a God could accomplisti. Plutarch Caes. 15 telis usthat in es than ten ear he oo more than o town bystorm subdued 3o tribes, engaged a different times illi three million os men, of Whomae temone million, and too captive another Appian iv. 2hraises the number of men against homite iuglitrio ove Mur missions and the number of tribes to oo. Anxamidis many successes,' add Suetonius J C. 25), ieencountere only three disasters-in Britain, he his seet was almos destroyed by a tempest in Gaul, hen a legion asroute a Gergovia ; and o the order of Germany When his lietatenanis, Titurius an Aurunculeius, ere lain by an ambusti.' e have Caesar' own narrative illi hicli tocompare thes StatementS. The are quote here ni assito in What was thought o Caesar in antiquity.
V to the time o Caesar' Gallic ar, Pompeius ad been
59쪽
CHARACTER CAESAR Ithe reat hero os the Romans He ad eclipse his prede Eelipse of cessors the Luculli he had immed the fame o Marius and P mPςὲψ Sulla he had thrown into the had the orthies os old the Fabii, the Scipios, and the Metelli Plut Caes. 15) he had coped illi Sertorius he had wept the se os pirates helia vanquished IIithridates he had adde province to the empire an silled the offers of the State ' hau culled aureis Do the three continents he had penetrate into Iberia helia gaged pon the Caucasus he had stood in themoly of Nohes in the amous temple os the Jewisti Jehovah -he was
an altogether Stoundin and miraculous man. ut he was
3 Hierosolyma defendere temptavere Iudaei verum haec quoque et intravit et vidit illud grande impiae gentis arcanum Patens, Sub aurea Vitecillum m: - .
60쪽
3 CAESAR 'S GALLIC VARit ere an stan or another continent For Caesar o reachit was ille lysses attin to the and of the Cimmerians, irrit
atainst peculia fascinatio exerci Sed a that time ver men' imagina-
war a displayed in Gaul, ut it a teste an prove onother fiet is he was pitte against no great general untilli me his son-in-la in arm s. o Mithridates, illi homPompeius coped, a the mos sormidabie antagonis that Rome ad encountere since Hannibal Compared illi imVercingetori Was only a lunderin barbarian. AIontaigne has pertinenti asked hyae hut imselsis in Alesiaci and the question, o sar a I know, has no been anSWered For, granting the necessit os holding the place or of securin his sorce DO attach, hy no sta ovisi de imself, and thro his OK energ into the rousing o Gaul sor iis relies In thecas of the aut there a more valour than discretion. ut Mithridates' execution et Ahor of his design ecause of thequalit of the me he worhe with. When Cicero is tryin toevade Cato's nee that the war illi Mithridates Was aged
the reatnes of the commander Caesar envied the good fortune o Pompeius in aving on tam stom fuch oes henti demolished the riny os Pharnaces the son os Mithridates, a Zela. It was rom his eld that he penne that rie and pregnant epistie- Veni, vidi, vici'. It was in the qualit theno the me against ho Caesar ought that the peculia gloryos his victorie lay His specia claim to greatnes is that he