Opera. Virgil with an introd. and notes by T.L. Papillon and A.E. Haigh

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sonabant omnia vocibus ebriorum.

7 a labores, e G. ii 478. 744. Repeate Aen. iii. I 6, as a poetica equivalent so the star in generat Hyactas υαδας , even star in the head os Taurus, the risin ofWhich, Ma 7 2I Was osten marhed by ain the are daughtersis Atlas. sister of the Pleiades Triones, lit. ploughing oxen. Each of the two constellation adjoining the orth ole a figure aso alii ith two

triones, the remaining five stargieing the wain the term a the extendedio ali seven tars, Whence septem triones, corrupted into Septemtrio' G. iii. 35Ι . gemino Triones heroem the two et of Xen, i. e. the two con-

Stellations astemarus more generali known a Ursa Major an Minor Arctos, G. i. 245 . Our nam 'Charies' ain sor the Grea Bear ire serves the de of Triones: an Arcturus Bearward '), the bright stari Ursa Minor, is also known ac Bootes,' dri ver fixen. 7 5 746. Repeated fro G. i. 48I, 482, here Se note on arctis. 7 7. ingeminant, Sed abSolutet a G. i. 333, Aen. ix. 8 II. ingeminant Plausu, applaud repeatedly. '7 9. longum repeat the de of tratiotiat, ill the while. 75I, 752. Aurorae lius, Memnon. Quibus armis, like Memnonis

been describe by one of the writer of the Epic Cycle. Diomectis oum,taken by Diomede ro Aeneas Il. v. 263 sqq. , and used by him in thechario race Il. xxiii. 377 sqq. . Virgil perhaps recollecis hei pro es in the race, orgetting that the were Once Aeneas' own and that formido toas Aeneas bout them Diomede' horses is maira propos. Somethin that the horses ahena Diomede sto Rhesus are meant Ii x. 567

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L1BEM SECUNDUS.

Aeneas telis the stor of the sal o Troy sociar a he himsel was an actor o spectator therein Macrobius Satumalia v. a represent it S generali notorious that at the etails re alien homone isander, howrotei mythologica histor of the wori in verse: ut the silence of allother authorities makes his statemen suspici ous. Heyne Exc. I. to Aen. II suppose Macrobius to have confounde two Pisanders-the ne howrote the poem in question ein reali aster Virgi P time. Others, illi Pertia PS more probabili ty, suppos that this poem asini Epic Cycle orcollection o poems, edite by Pisander: hicli Cycle ould naturallycontain the 'Ιλίου πέρ ς of Arctinus se noteri Aen. i. 488), and the 'Iλι μκρα of Lesches, o both os,hic Virgil is belleve to have been indebled. The forme of these poems i the analysis of Proclus cani trusted seemst have been preti closel sollowed e. g. in the debat about the wooden horSe ll. 32 38), thoestor of Sinon il 57 I98), of Laocoon it. 199-238), and of the murderi Priam by Pyrrhus at the altar of Ζεύς ρκειος li. O6-55I . I also contained the account of Deiphobus death at the han os Menelaus,to hic allusion is made by the had os Deiphobus in Aen. i. 52 Sqq. But Virili P debl to the 'Iλιὰς μικρα is es clear sor Lesches seem to have followed different traditions e g. that Priam a murdere at the palacedoor that Aeneas' i se as Eurydice, o Creusa, and that Aeneas astaken prisone by eoptolemus. Virgilis doub followed the legend in iis main earing a gathere seo the Gree epic riters holdin himselfhee o var minor delatis and give his own colouring to the whole; hicli, by universa consent, he has successsuli accomptished this Book, with Book IV. an VI, ein generali accepte a the est eviden ce of his

Poetical greatness. He also no doubi, made se os the Roman tragedians, Livius Andronicus, Naevius, an Pacuvius, hoSe Ork were mainlyadaptations o Gree dramas on heroi subjecis. Conington, Introd. to

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S aker . Contiouere, O momentary, tenetiant, o continue action. Cp. viii. . O G iv. 83 for a disserent sense of ora tenere').3-6. incinctum, predicate. ' o dee sor ords, O queen is the taleos sorrow ou id me revive ho the Danai saucio telli O'erthre thepowe and the reaim o Troy at the woes mine eyes have seen the deedsWherein great part a mine.' ut . . . eruerint, dependent interrog aster the thought narrare, implied in renovare ctolorem lamentabile, adverbia notion in agreement it regnum, Se on . . aTS, P. X. 27 Tennyson, Glysses,' 'Pam a partis ali that Phave met.'

12. refugit, hath Shrunk; an Socis no averse horret is virtuallya persectri horresco: an both verbs expres the resultis state of minclaresve at-vi Z a reluctance to recal troubles. p. Seneca's imitation Agam. I7 restigit loqui Mens aegra tantis atque inhorrescit malis, and Cie Phil. xiv. 3 9 refugit animus, P. ta, eaque dicere reformidat.' I4. Iahentibus, quum labebantur,' While so many years entalidingby. I 5 inStar, accus os a subst. - likeness,' figure' so vi. 866), sed adverbiali as δικην in Greela Pallactis arte, P. Hom. d. viii. 493Metraroυ Δουρατεου, τὸν 'Eπειος ἐποιησεν συν Αθηνp. Therator of the wooden horse possibi aros Domin poetica metaphor applied to the hips of the Greelis. I7. Otum a Votive ossering cp. iii 27 lit a thini vowed or devoted ' neut part of voveo' . 18. tiuo is explaine by caeco lateri, p. Ecl. i. o hinc . . . vicino ab limite, Aen. i. 538 hie . . . vestris oris. Corsora, periphrastic, lihe Gh.

32. In Homer Od. viii. o -5 Io the Trojans first dra the hors to thecitadet whic in Virgil is no done ii l. 45 elow), and then debate what o do illicit. Virgil apparenti follows Arctinus the order of the disserent proposalsaeing the fame a thatii ven in roclus analysis of the

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required, or directed: cp. Hor Sat. i. I. I cum re ipsa seret, Cic. Clu. 6. ut mea fert opinio, ' o. I 68 ut aetas illa fert, etc. thers explain were tendi nil in such a direction, as via fert vi 295, an h. φερειν os a road).49 et, etiam, ' even.

5 I. urvam, etc., the ribbed archis iis belly.'52, 53. HIR, the Pear cavae, of Sound Se belO l. 487. 5 , 55. non laeva, See o Ecl. i. 6. mens, C. nostra' not deum ' . inpulerat, indic for rhetorica livetiness, as Hor. d. i. 7. truncus . . . Sustulerat, nisi Faunus ictum Dextra levasset: se noterio . i. 33. 56. Atarot, Would no be standing. The SS. var belween staret, ' stares, and maneret, maneres ' P. Vii. 684.

57-72. The stor os the Greeli deserte Sinon is originalty seo Arctinus, se Introd. to this book and Sophocles aderit the subjec os a tragedy. One version malles him mutilate imself, like Odysseus in Od. v. 2 4:

that he might be brought to the Ling.

6 I. Animi, Se note to G. iii 289.62. olos, SS. Nonius an Servius agre in dolo' possibi Domsomemther recensio than that preservecti our S, See Introd. II, p. xxiv.

here iven. Servius ive a V. l. memorem' acc. memor'), and Ribbeck infelicitousi conjectures quive fuat, memoreS.'76. mitte by Pal. γ, δ, an adde in margin o Med. a, b, Rom.wanting); repeate iii 6 Ia, and inconSiSient With l. 1o7. It genuinenescis theresore suspected is notii Sprove l. 77. fuerit, and ut indici, I Wil conses the whole truth, come halmay;' p. the imitationi Phaedrus A.D. 5), 'Sed iam, quodcumque fuerit,

ut dixit Sinon . . . Librum exarabo tertium Aesopi stilo in an event, ' ,hether o rea th book or no ' . Other tali fuerit a pers subj. allthat has happened, cp. G. V. 393. 8o improlata, wit aliae malice,' See o G. i. 119. Vtanum, salSe, CP. i. 392.8 I, 2. sancto Ecl. viii. I, Aen. i. 6. Miduo nomon, an Suchisame

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inclita fama gloria, glor brui ted by the voice of same' Κenn. . Palamectes, a POSt-Homeri character, sal to have exposed the ei medmadnes of Ulysses hen hirking the Trojan war. He asterward saecame regarde a a great inventor, like PrometheuS, and was a savourite character of the Sophi StS. 83 8 . falsa sub Dromtiono, unde a salse information in salso sub crimine' Juv. x. 69). Mancto inmoto, on monstrous evidence. The Stor Was that lysses revenge himsel by secretin in Palamedes tent a sum os mone an a large lette seo Priam. Quia Bella et at therea cause of thei hatre to im no the charge, hic Would require

vetaret.'

86 illi, etc. is apodosis o l. 8 I. Me it a to hom . . . my sather Sent me asin quire t Tro in early yeare.'87. DauDor hel ps to account sor Sinon' dependence. 88. While catheles in his roya place a one os the σκηπτουχοι

βασιλῆες he stood, and ad eight in coinciis of the princes, Palso ad

Somewhat of note and honour.'9O, I invictia, Se notes odi. 81, 83. conoessit, he lest theraliores of earth, i. e. died. Euperis, in contraSt to the reaim Os Hades See o vi. 8 I. 94. Si . . . tulisset, 4 any hance hould have so ordained, the regularconstructio in oratio obliqua sor ut pers in oratio recta, p. iii 652, ix. ΑΙ an Liv xxxiv. 6 cite by Con. cui non apparet inopiam et mi Seriam . .iStam legem scripsisse tamdiu mansuram quamdiu causa scribendae legis mansisset y Here oratio recta ould e ultor ero fors si qua tulerit; 'an in Liv. l. c. inopia manebit quamdiu causa scribendae legi manserit.'Donaldson' opinio that the so- calle futurum exactum is ni the pers.conj of hic Con here says that it is confirmed by these passages, i reatly a Dr. enned says qui te unienable: See m note o Ter And. i. 2. 29. 97-99. ino. 'From this time egan mylown sal in missortune. mali, gen explaining 1ahea; p. Cic. Flacc. Io innocentiae labes et ruina. 'terrerct, Dargero, quaerere, histori infin Conscius, ither I conscious o mili or 2 in conspiracy' illi thers. For I cp. laut. Most iii. I. ID Nihil est miserius quam animus hominis conscius Sicut me habet: Sall. Cat. xiv omnes quos sagitium egestas, consciu animuSexagitabat, Catilinae familiares erant; Seneca Hipp. 495 os a good man)

ne Omne conSciu strepitus pavet; Hor Sat. ii. 7. peccati Conscia erilis; an in good sense Aen. xii. 668. For a the les usual SenS Seebeio l. 267, and cp. Curi. viii. 6. consciorum nomina exponeres Tac. Hi St. i. 39 conscium Othonis, Germ. Io se ministros deorum, illos equos

conscio putant.'

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io AENEID IL

pa yo weli' lit 'bu at great rice'). For Onim affirmative se onm. i. 5o9. se autom a colloquia idiom, frequent in the comi poets. iam-cluctum sumito poenas is Sometimes explaine a m exae punishment longi ving. hom the dea that iamdudum always in long ago. It need not, however, impi a long interva o time, ut halcis clos at hand besore oraster Cp. Ter Eun. iii I. 58, V. 6. 5 v. 4. 8, Phorm ii. 4. 19, an Plaut. Amph. i. 5. 6 A M. Dudum quam dudum istuc factumst 3 L. Temptas iamdudum modo. Dudum ' except omelimes it iam,' hau d.'

quam ' seido in old Latin writer implies tengi os time. Plautus has

dudum . . . quum, O time oni jus paSt, or present an Sometimes dudum almos in nuper, cp. Cic. Att. i. o quae dudum ad me, et quae ante bis ad Tulliam de me scripsisti: Aen. i. 726, v. 65o X. 599. Omith imperative a herea Sen. Ep. 8 . I iamdudum relinque ista. 'io 7. et Dector , ,ith dissemblin heari ' p. Hor. Sat. . . a fictum astutumque vocamus. The pass. notion dei gned' fictilious' passes into the act. crasty, dissembling.' III hiemps the tormines of the sea'- the ough and storin deep. 'So flammea diri Montis hiemps' os Vesuvius Stat Silv. iii 5. a: mutati coepit amoris hiemps' v. Her. 5. 34; hiemps rerum' of War)Claud. B. Get. 5 I. III. 11io, Pron un, o molem hanc equi' l. 15o acernis, is mapte: 'cp. abiete' l. 6, pinea l. 258. The Poet represent the genera idea fwood in various ways, a that os inda various ames of winds. II 4. Soitantem, a an enquirer, an So almost, scitaturum' or ut scitaretur, cp. Liv xxi legati Romam missi, auxilium orantes.' Heynerea scitatum' supine seo Med. II 6 virgine Iphigenia: See AeSch. Agam. 225-246, Lucr. i. 84-IOI, and the Iphigenia in Aulis of Euripides for theras madet ancient poetsos the legend of her sacrifice sanguine et virgine caesa, hendiadys, sor

sanguine caesae Virginis.'II 8 ith blood must our retum be bought. and a sacrificeae os redo a Grecian lise. litaro in to mali a savourable sacrifice, appeas thegods. p. v. o Pers. i. 75 farre litabo.' III. Darent Sc mortem , interrogatio obliqua depending ontubitantibus o quaerentilaus implied in tremor. The omissionis the objec maybe rhetorical to produce a SenSeis horror: but perhaps the se of Dararoo divine ordinanc may account se it-some kin o fatem destin bellignecessarii implied.

I 23, 24. numina 'directions.' Canebant, ripoli ominoust os. For canere o prophec or an Solemn ulteranee P. iii 373, 38 V. a ,

viii. 49 and se note o Ecl. viii. 67. I 26. tectus, perhapy- mySterious,' cautious' a osten in Cic. ut an obvious imitation by Statius Theb. iii 57 sqq. 619 sqq. potnt rat herto the litera meaning shutis in his tent; ' p. vii. 6oo, 6I8.

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I3I. tulere, endured: not a Some, conversa tulere in converterunt.

the willio the tength of punishing the children in the ather' place. Some explain Whom the wil also require ac penalty Doena in appoSition to QUOS), P. i. o. Other read ad, probabi introduce hom viii. 495. to avoid the dissiculi ofit.

to boot.' ultro Servius note here hiis the true meaning, Non Si Sponte, Vnam rogaverat Sinon, sed insuper. Et venit ab eo, quod est ultra, quia pluSquam rogarat praestitissent. This meaning of insuper ' ove and above 'underites the various applications of the word see Ecl. viii. 52 m. iv. o4, 265 Aen. V. 55, 446, ix. Ι27. So petere ultro, i. e. notini t acti thedesensive but attach compellere ultro, not ni to angwer, ut to Speakfirst l. 79 elow ultro ad me venit Ter And. i. I. 73. I 9, 5O. edissere, ' explain, Somor Sat. ii. 3. 3o6. Quo to halend3 iv. 98, ii 879. 15 I. religio, What sacred dutyy see o G. i. 27o. 157. Lam ste to brea mymath os Dalty to the Greelis' Con.). i. e. theright os Greelas sanctione byiath ' sacratum ius in sacramentum,' 'hemilitan oath. Thus Sinon disclaim ali obligation a a Soldier a amend octisse viros , as a colleague an confidant si qua tegmi), and

as a Citigen.

165 166. Palladiuum An mage of Pallas, said to have fallen seo heaven,

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cede by another monosyllabie many are due ei ther 1 to imitation o an olde poet e. g. l. 355 elow , a to adaptationis rhythm to sense e g. i. IOS, V. 48I, X. 77 Ih: Perhaps this salis under i).I72, 73. arsere, etc., a fas of light laged forti in her staring yes.' arrectis, rai sed in fury' Con.): ut is it no rather the de of arrigere

animum, aures, etc. tranSferre to the yes, oused a it ere to attention 3For simila transfer os expression hom ne SenSerio nother P. X. 98, ii. 59 I. For Salsus auctor P. ur sal tears; an for the phenomenon,

188. Nor helter the nation beneat thei ancient faith. Sinon saysthat he hors was an expotor offering o Pallas, hut that Calchas ad ithuillis large that the Trojans might have to leave it uisi de the ity, and wit it accordin to the loca ideas of Roman religion the favour of the oddess. Where the statue o temple was, there a the god an his influenc : ence the evocatio or appea to the od of a besiege cityto transfer themSelves o Rome se on l. 35 I. The contrast belween the loca worshi incommon to ali ancient religion and the wide spiritis Christianit is potntedi expresse in St. Joh iv. o, I.

I 89. violasset, se On l. 9 above. I93 ultro, even, or actuali : Asia ould not ni repet, ut retaliateri P. i. 286, an See noteri l. 145 bove. I96. Capti, deceived, See o G. i. 426. Eoaetis, P. Juv. iii. 33 vexant oculos umore coacto, Ter Eun. una salsa lacrimula, Quum Oculos terendo misere vix vi expresserit, an Aesch. Agam. 79 αγέλαστα προσ

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Virgil, and was the subjectis a traged by Sophocles. The samous groupo statuar in the Vatican knoMui a the Laocoon, discovere A. D. 5O6 in the Bathg o Titus stood in liny' time A. D. 79 in the palace of the Emperor Titus see N. H. xxxv. I. 5. Plin states that it Was executed by three Rhodians de consilii sententia, i. e. y an orde in councit, 'for Some Emperor perhaps Titus himself a Statement hich, as sar Scite are con med Mars ut the cie assumedi Lessi in his Laocoon' a treatis o the distinctive province of aintin and poetΠ that the Sculpture a suggeste by Virgir description here Lessin explainstine discrepancies etwem them e. g. the nudit of the statues, and the Serpent oni interi ining the eet an lera by the specia requirements of the Sculptor' art se below on l. 19. Art critic no regar the Statue Sof the later Alexandria period prior to the Aeneid. 2OI. uetus sorte, Chose by tot, a natura expression Do dra ingnames ut ducere sortes' vi 22 being a variation os the Same idea Cp. the description in v. 49 499 and so the expreSSion Cic. Rep.

I. I si e vectoribus sorte ductus ad gubemaculum acceSSerit,' ac Mn. i. sorte ducti e primoribus.'2O2. OUB es, i. e. here the customarysacrifices tali place sollemnis circus ' v. FaSt. V. 597.2O5. Dariter, Sidei fide, cp. V. 42.2o6 iubae, p. Angues iubati Plaut. Amph. v. I. 56 of the serpentSstrangled by Hercules), Eur Phoen. 8a φοινικολόφοι δρακοντος Pliny, Ν. H. i. 37, i Sceptica on the oint, iraconum cristas qui viderit, non reperitur; but the mane is an accepte mar of a dragon or monstroUS Serpent thus Milton Par. Lost, vii. 395 :

The serpent . . . . .

curiing thei huge bach in ollinil motion. Imitate by Milion, Par.

clamores i. 223 Would have necessitate an ope mouth. 224 inoertam, ill-aimed, opposed to certam xi. 767. 227. Eae i. e. a colossa statu like statis Athene at Athens. 228 23 I. novus, Strange. G. V. 357. insinuat, sed intransitively;so accingunt l. 235 etc. Lucr. v. divom metu insinuarit Pectora.'scelus in poenam sceleris,' has aid the sorseit of his crime; cp. ni. 3οῖ,

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1 8 AENEID IL

ix. I96 iv x. Io intra moenia et muros.'235. CCingunt, intranS., P. i. Io G. i. 33. Potarum 1 Sus,

illidi nil heel. or roderS. 237. Con suggest that Ennius, hom Virgil here imitates may havetat e literalty the metaphor of Aesch. Agam. 825 qq. 239. Sacra Canunt, Sin hymias, as in the sacre procession a Rome. Con thinks that Virgi has in in the densae, or sacre cars, drawn toand Do the Capitol by senator an high-bo boys. a I. Virgil imitates a fine passage of Ennius, Androm. preserve in Cic. TuSc. iii I9. Pater, o patria, o Priami domus, Saeptum alti Sono cardine templum, etc. 2 3. Substitit, i. e. a the were pullin it ver the reach. Some eea resereno to the evit omen oscitum bting on the threstiolo Ov. et X. 5 a); ut his, a Con remariis, a sata to the incomer, noto the

246, 47. fatis, ei ther dat. - i. e. to teli of cominitate ' or ablat m in regar to.' G. v. 452 is reserie to for both expressiong. rectita with ira, o probabi beller illi Cassandra , a poeticalis of the word cp. Hor. A. P. Cur ego . . . invideor 3 and v. Fast. v. o o Cassandra Casta quidem, sed non et credita. For the stor se Aesch.

2 8 249. esset a be concessive, though that da was u last,'pointing the contrast to fosta froncte : or perhaps more probably cauSal, explaining misori. O festa Velamus froncte p. JuV. X. 65, ii. I longos erexit ianua ramos.' Mayor cite Gregor Naziangen, Or. 5. 45, Let usaeep the east . . . not estooning the Street With flower . . . se So

25o. Meanwhile the eave turn round an night pring u stomocean. The notion a that os a hollo sphere part light an part dark, whichaei trium in round the earth, and so producinoda and night Cp. viii. 28o, an Ennius, 'Vertitur interea caelum cum ingentibus signis. See also note tori. Mabove. 255. amica, not Diendi to them, sor a dari nisi ould have sui tecthelter. It is meret a picturesque epithet- in the os stilines of the qui et Oon. Tradition ad Troy ahen a the sud oon-νύξ μὲν 'ν

μέσση λαμπρη δ' πετελλε σεληνη. 256-259. Egia, i. e. of Agamemnon eatulerat, Plup. os instantaneous

action, in orace howed fortes; cp. v. 685, viii. 219, x. 546. It correSpondsto the per of instantaneous action G. i. 33o): p. X. 262, here ' habet

. . . extulit an swero ' ibat . . . extulerat here Danaos et claustra Imat, a Zeugma an also στερον προτερον. p. X. 3), inbar the

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