Opera. Virgil with an introd. and notes by T.L. Papillon and A.E. Haigh

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663. incle, i. e. de fluctibus. 666-668. oeloraro historicin fin sic morito, so deseruing. vertimus, ita readingi Med. Pal. Gud. a b c supported by Donatus), Mabandoned by mos editor sor verrimus,' hicli is a common poetica metaphor inconnection it rowing cp. l. 29 above iv. 583, i. 32O, etc.h; hereaS vertere is ather used of ploughinc a G. i. I 7 Hor Sat. i. I. 28). But ploughing the se is a very natura metaphor, sed apparenti by Virgilin v. Ι freta versa'), X. OS marmore verso' as also by vix Her. xiii. 98), and Val. Flaccus it the frequentative form versare. I seems betier, there re, to respect the stron consensus of SS. an translate,

Scylla an Charybdis, and go ut ac instea of running through thestrait os Pelorum. The sudden change tora pers in teneant Mawhward. and suggestive of some desect in the passage: ut the main potnt is how totali ni Donatus o Ter Eim iii 3. nimirum, See unro, Lucr. i. 277), Servius here, an Priscian State that it, ne, cp. nive insor and Lucr. i. 34; ni Catuli lxi. see Edis ad loci). I so, e must tranState, the command of Helenus am them noto hol on thet wayhetween Scylla an Charybdis, ither ourge viam in opposition to cursus' 'eing Mihi an ace of death. But his implies an involve orderof,ord anxit is perhapsaeiter takin 'ii' - nisi ' to render, Mam us

on' i. e. ni recto cursu utamur' cp. cursu above l. Oo, CaeS. B. G. v. 8 vento intermisso cursum non tenuit, ' tenere iter Aen. . . Foristi ctisorimine arvo abl. of circumst. Cp. X. 5II. r. Kenned acceptSMadvig's conjecture ' contra ac iussa . . .' an remove the colon after

cursus: the meaning the being that, contra clo Helenus Waming about Scylla an Charybdis, the determine to ait bach oward Pelorum; ut anorth win arisin prevenis them l. 687 . Ribbeck objecting that to ait between Scylla an Charybdis a not Ioti Maerimine Darvo, butri meet certain destructio stomone or ther, restores Scylla atque Charybdis '

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Dom Vat. and transposes l. 685, 686; utramque iam then in ei therto vard Scylla an Charybdis, or ac to the Cyclops coast.

689. The rive Pantagias I αντακιας huc. i. his identi si est illi the

in Virgil, for hic reason, and the apparent Sympath With lysse here ascribe to Aeneas, ome rejec the paSSage Both line are give by Med., Pal. ROm. and the secon also by Vat. a Lagmen os,hic begins here: and the are cited by Priscian.

meddi in even illi admitte eviis); the stor bein that the inhabitanis,

fluvii. With stem in -io, the Augusta poets as a rule contraci thegen Sing os substantives, though in lectivescit is osten uncontractede. g. ' egregii altique silenti Hor Sat. i. 6. 58. Propertius, Ovid, Lucan, and the later poets use the sui sor in ii' though the contracte sermremat ned common in propernam es e. g. Capitoli,' Terenti, ' Livi, etc. , asalso do Cicero an Caesar Lucretius has navigii v. Ioo6 anxit seemst have been always accepted in ree names e. g. Palladii Aen. X. 5I, Sunii Ter Eun. iii 3. 3. The occurrence, heresore in thi PasSage os a

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NOTES. 687-7 12. 18 I

som, exceptiona no doubi in Virgil s time, ut norma in the nexi generation is no reason ither sor suSpecting the line Gosfrau) or emend- in to fluvio' Porson, regarding cognomine a adjective, p. i. 383), or explaining fluvii as an adjective Lachmann o Lucr. V. OO6 . Lach mann is oblige to concede iis se in hexameter Wit trisyllabie vords apii ' spatii, etc. an admission hich, together illi the example homLucretius, qui te justifies Virgil' fluvii. '7O3, O . arctuus expiatas Acragas the Gree nam sor Agrigentum asi homiκρος; p. l. 693, 698 above magnanimum again Vi 3O7, G. v. 76 superima are examples in Virgilis therior um in gen plur. of adjective stem in bo. It is no a contractio sor -orum; but an olderform ch. ων, lam in Osca an Umbrian, an on early coins and inscriptions graduali supersede by -rum' - -Sam,' -asam' Skt. , and in and aster Cicero' time Orator 6. I 55 oni Suro iving in certain ordS, nummum deum.' etc. Roby, i. 4 365 In adjectives. Plautus has celatum indagator' Trin. i. I. I : ut there is a v. l. celati' ; Terenceamicum,' aequom ' Haut Prol. 24, 27) etc. Ennius Superum' as also

caecis, i. e. latentibus,' Cp. V. 64.7 Io. Legend fixe Anchises death at various pots-Mount Ida Pallene, in Thermai Gulf Arcadia i in Ital aster landing illi Aeneas Theauthorit of Virgi has stablished it a Drepanum Trapani , here hi tombris stili Ahoi .

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A E ME I S.

LIBER QUARTUS.

The thread of the sto interrupte by the pisode of Aeneas narrative in Books II. and III, is now resume wit the tale of Dido' lata passion, already indicate at the lose of Book I. The development of he love an iis reguli are firs described ll. Ι-172 Aeneas, too, is half-wona herto Stan See ll. 332, 395, 458, etc. , ut is calle aWay by the command of Jupiter li. 223 sqq. and the vision of his sather's hade ll. 35 sqq. to sulfi liis mission in Italy. He repares to stari, firm against the PrayerSan reproache of the nhappy queen, ho at last resolves ora death; thesteps by hicli hecis rive to errendaeing orke out in the alter parto the book ll. I 6-7o5, in the spirit of the τ' o Greeli tragedy. The Struggle of individua passion against the wil of heaven is the key. note

throughout-the fame in o Struggle agri represented sor example, in the injax of Sophocles and wit the fame sor os result, strange to urmodem notions os right and wrong, in hic the mere assertio of ove whelmin power ver human wili, independenti of an morat issues, is

the en o all. The delineation os individua character is subordinate tolli exhibitio of the confici of great forces and the criticisms hichmodern Delin passes pon suc an acting the desertionis Dido are, Domthe poliat os te os Gree o Roman epic beside the question From that potnt of vie it is no drawbach to the heroi present ment of Aeneas that, like lysses, he desert he who has gi ven him ali that a oman a give: his ni sauit is in remaining hen Heaven id hi go. Nor, thoughVirili in his powersu picture os Dido' grie an despat strihes a morem Odem note an arouses ur Sympath for the orsaken heroine, nee wesuppos that such was his intention or Such the effect upon Roman readers. For them an him Dido symboli sed Carthage, as Aeneas symboli sed Rome: and e late, o Roman yes, was ni right, an echo of the old cry Delenda est Carthago.'No par of the Aeneid is a better ample of Virgil' poetica power; and non exhibit more clearly his originalit in the reaimentis pie materiai. The passion o Dido is suggeste by that o Medea in the 'Argonautica' Book III of Apollonius Rhodius: ut hereas Apollonius weli On Medea besore her marri age, resigning home unde the influence of enchant-

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ments stronger thanae own Virgil concentrates ali his Oxuer o the descriptioni Dido in her abandonment an despair, pasSin ove the earlier Stage of her fata love For a more delaile discussionis his an other Datures of Vir P stor the reade is reserre to Conington, Genera Introduction to the Aeneid, and etlleghip SuggestionS, Pp. 3I-37.

cp. elo l. 32, G. iii 2IL HOr. d. V. 9. 33. 3. multa virtuali adverbial it recursat, is riges to e thought the hero's orth, the glories of his line.'

stout his frame an martia mighil armis sto arma, a X. 735 thoughmon. takes it - 4houlders Dom armus' CP. i. 6 i. 589 , and refers the whole description to Aeneas person. I 3. 'lear prove a base-bor Aoul: ut he-by hat lates ossed, hat tale os Wars achisi' egeneres; p. ac Ann. i. probra in Artabanum fundebant, matem origine Arsacidem, cetera degenerem.'I5-I9. Secteret cp. i. 66o of her present reSolve Dertaesum fuis-Set, os her ast experience. Vollem, petiti obliqua aster Secteret. Potui this se os indic so the more sua cori in conditiona sentencesi frequent it auxiliar verbg- the performance of the action, no iis Power, la ullaess, etc , ein dependent o the Condition CP. JuV. X. 123 Antoni gladios potuit contemnere, si sic omnia dixi SSet, Ter And. v. 2 8 potuerat quiesci, si hic quiesset. Potui Suoeumdere in Succubuissem.' Se also o Ecl. i. 8o. 2I-23. Recte, i. e. of Sychaeus, Dido' firS huSband i. 3 8 sqq. fratctrna ei therm by a brother, i. e. Pygmalion or a brother' blood, 'Sychaeus ein Pygmalion' brother-in-Ja . The alter Seems simplest. labantem proleptic Dulit ut labat et: ' p. i. 66O iii. 237, xii. 94, and

vius mentions both readings ante repent Orius in l. 24 CP πριν ... πρὶν

τὶ Hom. l. i. 7 Vii. 48Ι, etc. The indicati Ve Violo resolvo state his reguli as a fac rather han a purpos violem ). Dido says, ' a I die hesore dishonour contes' notis allis ni mome) and the ood employed indicates a presentiment that it is coming. Sh sees e re her eyes a possibilit os fassing way seo her irs love. O the grammatica questio se Hand TurSeli S. v. antequam: Loquenti Permissum est utrum rem velit futuram ac possibilem cogitare, an certam et abSolutam ponere.'Ductor, honour, a belo l. 322. QSOlvo, See i. 157.

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184 AENEID IV.

Aen. i. 34 36. Libyae, locative. Tyro, locat ablative. 38. Diaeito, Welcome, as opposed to the uitis Iarbas, etc. cp. . i. 23. For dative os indirect object illi Dugnaro p. i. oo; ossi au

iti. 65. legiferae - θεωμοφοριν, 'ille Os Demeter vidi. i. I. Lyaeo Λυαια, λυειν , and correspondS to the Italia 'Liber. Virili malles Dido sacrifice, in the true Pirit os tragic irony, . . . to Ceres, Apollo, and

sacere; cp. iii. 62, Liv. XXVii. 36. e anno primum B. . o8 memoriae proditum S . . . ludo Romano Semel instauratos ab aedilibus curalibus.' intitans, soring over.' Dirantia, bet quivering ς' p. Sen. Thyest. 56 Spirant venae corque adhuc Pavidum alit. Deotoribus see

Introd. IV, p. lii, and P. Ecl. i. I9.65-67. ignarae, i. e. ilinu to the ea state of Dido, hocis aheadybeyon thei help. est edit. For molles, p. Catuli. xlv. 6 Ignis mollibus ardet in medullis, i. e. melling unde the essectis passiori. SoPlaut. Most. i. 3. 86 medullitus amare. interea, at the while.'

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in in her fide. Note the variet os expression in sagitta, telis, ferrum, harunctori P. i. 75 ii. 53. gens telis i. e. ciri ving illi his bo an darro S, CP. i. 9 I. nescius, i. e. notanowing that he has ii, windito the distance and the reeS. 77. actem, i. e. Dido, no in tum, etc.

SO-83. 'Then, hen alliave gone and the oon in tum velis e light in darkness a the sun had done 'labente dies' and the settin star invite TePOSe alone he Orrows in the empi hall, throwing et sel on the couchwhere he has lain hecis no there, et still sh sees his face an hearchisvoice. For the rhetorical and pathetic iteration absens utiSentem P. iii 383 Plaut. Most. adsum praesens praeSente tibi.'8 . nota, nom. Sing. charmed by the likenes to his ire.'88, 89 Denctent, etc., idie an the works thus brohen oss: hugethreatening alis, an cranes that tower o heaven. The picture SeemSto e that o crane or ther implement standin id te on the nfinished

9 Sqq. Iuno, Seein Dido' state suggest to Venus that Aeneas hould me her, an set up the Trojanaingdom a Carthage thus opincto keephim sto Italy l. Io6 . The de is seo Apoll. Rhod. iii 6 sqq. Where Hera an Atheneae Aphrodite to inspire Medea it love for Iason.

91. ne famam, and that honou i no barrio her passion.'93-95. egregiam, ironical So alSo magnum et momorabile. SS.giVe numen, i. e. bour power; but early edition nomen in fames or

renown, Whic Con is possibiy justi fied in retaining the two ord beingalso confused in n. 768, etc. cp. i. 583. Et ther readin is nom. to est '

96 acteo Seem to emphasige the lauSe a in Ecl. i. 25, ' Pammo Soblin aster all. Virgil imitates Lucr. i. 36, 2 a nec me animi fallit,' substituti di adeo animi: See also G. iii 289. 98. But hal hali e the end limit, p. Ecl. x. 25 , o whither hallsuch conflici ead 3' i. e. quorsum progrediemini certamine vestro 3'

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186 AENEID T

Cp Phaedr. i. 5. 25 Multo maioris alapae mecum veneunt: Sit Ital. viii. 33o Aem Paullus log to Q. Fabius Max. Mecum erit haec prorsus Pietas, mentemque seremus In Poenos, invicte, tuam. The reserences o Ecl. i. a Plaut. Rud. v. a. 65, and Liv. v. a. Dare not appropriate.JQuo instat, tu design.' II 0. Titan, P. H. 725. retexerit, has lightened, i. e. uncovered retego'), P. V. 65, X. 46 I. III. While the plumes ulter, and enclos the wood wit a circuit os tollS.' alas, se on . iii 372. nother interpretation, whil horsemen

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I76. 77. metu, through ear, Primo ein adverbial. Primum timida serpit, et caute contrahit corporis Speciem, Ox facta audacior alta incedit' Gogfrau). p. Homer' descriptio of Eρις ' Stri '),Il. iv. 442,

I78. eorum objective gen. urat at heaven.' Coeus, a Titan, G. i. 279. Encelactus, a giant, sonis Earth Aen. iii 578. I 85-I87. strictens, turiling. For the rhythm P. Cl. V. I, G. V. 196. eclinat. droops. custos, in py. teoti, turritius potn to the interserenc os Fame in private an public assairs.

orem.

ide thai supporting: ' ut his, o the principi potior lectio difficillima,' ves additionat orce to the verwhelmin testimon of SS. sor sula-

bringing on to thy templo, and cherishin an die belles famam, thegenera repor that Jupiter is a powersu god disprove says Iarbas by

22o-237. Iupiter Send Mercurius to recali Aeneas to a remembrance of his

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188 AENEID IV.

mission to Italy a divine command whicli justi fies the subsequent desertiono Dido. 223-225. Oea ZOOtiyros, cali the winds' to aid thyiuight): p. ventis

dum defluat amnis Hor. Epp. i. a. a); and Virgi Ps use of it hereri but asti hi extensionis thatisse. 227-231. Νo aggard I ween, id his sat mollier pledge her Son tote; 'tu a not for his he snalched imowice sto Grecian armS: no, ut achiento ut Ital big it empire an fierce in ar to han on the race Os Teucer lost line, an bring the wori beneat iis Way. talem, ut Carthagine exspectaret.' his fro Diomede, Illa v. 31 sqq. an stomth Greel sint the sal of Troy Aen. i. 589 sqq. vinctiosti, histori PreSent; though Gosfra here classescit, illi thesidionis noti cedin ii. 275. gravictam imDeritS, nec to Some With many thrones or ingdoms; but thecontexi obviousi refers to the future o Italy, hic is ascit ere regnant illi future destinies. The plur imperiis is perhapsint a Poetical hyperbole. 232-234. Is e cares no sor imself, e must not arm his son'SPrOSPOcis. SuDer Sua 1aucto, his own sat fame. The insertio ofisso S like Gree προ αυτὸς αυτου, an is frequent metri gratia in

Ovid' pentameters e. g. m. i. 7. 26 poenam sortis in ipse meam, Her. 12. 18 Ut caderet cultu cultor ab ipse suo.'

subito assertur nuntius horribilis,' Cic. Phil. xiii. 9. 6 cum repente assertur ei de quarta nuntius. Other explain, te tho our herat of this message' tito 'de hac re'); ut it is uret parallel to hae summis

239-24 I. Maria, ankleis, i. e. the winge sandals with hicli e curtu i generali represented. Homer in the passages hic Virgil here solioWS Il. XXi V. 339 qq. Od. v. 43 qq. , ali them meret πεδιλα. P. Ov. et iv. 667 73o os Perseus) Cic. Att. xiv. I. 4 Walson IIa 'quare talaria videamus quidvis enim potius est quam castra.' aDicto Dariter cum flamine, in the wing of the wind, αμα πνοιῆς ἀνεμοι Hom. I. c. 2 4. resignat, is ahen in iis ordinar sense of unseals testamenta,' litteras, eto ), must reser to the custom of os euang the yes O a CorPSe closed as usual after death wheni the pyre, that the spirit might se iis Way tomades But morte at o in,' no aster death cp. ll. 436,5oah and w nowherein this ac attributed omercurius as ψυχοπομπός- e. g. Stat Theb. i. o sqq. Where ali hi attributes are enumerated. hyShould no resignat here, sea up '- i. e. ut o Solemnly accordin tolli force of re in certain se of reddere' see o iii 333 reponere'