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a year is intended to guard against the probabili ty of
destruction by insecis, as weli as the necessary loss of the more volatile paris of planis. When paris of planis are dried, although they are ultimat ely to be used in powder, it is helter that they be Eept Whole, and in sinali quantities, and poWdered as occasion requires ; coated or green glasS botiles, whicli preclude the agency of light, and stopped clOSe, so asto prevent the accesSion Os moisture, anSWer practicatly to agreat degree of perfectiora. I am glad to be able to state that more attention, than formerly, has of late been paid tothe preparation os indigenous planis, and that their medicat effecis have in the sanae Proportion become more desinite. I have seen, and used, the narcotic Vegetabies Fox Glove and Hemloch prepared upon a large scale by Mr. Balley, in a greater degree of perfection, as to the preserVation Os colour, Character, and quality, than Would formerly have been thought possi-ble. The Squili ros, after it is dried, ought to be friabie, and stili to retain iis original characters of bitterness and acrimony. The preparation of the Cassia pulp remains as besere; and there is this advantage in not botling it, as is sonaetimes done, that when it is bolled, the mucilage of the se e is is also dissolved and intermiXed With the pulp.
Separate Opium most Caresulty froni any
adhere to it externalty. Keep Opium in as i state, fit to forni pilis : and in a hard one,
Whicli lut ter is e flected by drying it in the
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be puri sed by putting them into an ox blad-der und holding them in botling Water, rintilthey hecome Sofi enough to he Separate lsrom their impurities by pressure through ahena pen Cloth. Dissolve Storam Latiam in rectised spirit, and stru in the Solution : then distit over thospirit in a gentie heat untii the balsam has
Greater stress is now laid than hereto re upon the carefulselection and purity of the gum-resins, and that they be obtained in sucti a state as to require no artificiat process fortheir purification, excepting, indeed, those Whicli are to be
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applied to the coarser purpose of externat Use, and, for this reason, the strained articles Will be found to be directed tobe employed in malaing plasters, &c. A bladder is mentionedfor straining the Galbanum, but When the quantity to be prepared is large, a canuas bag is preferable. With Opium these observations hecome more particularly necessary, because it is intendod to he used in iis crude state, Without any previolis Preparation, by solution in rectisted spirit and evaporation, as in the former Opium puriscatum.
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OLEA EXPRESSA OLEUM AMYGDALARUM.
oleum amygdalae, P. L. II 8I. Oleum amygdalarum, P. L. 1745. Oleum amygdalarum dulcium et amararum, P. L. 172O.
Three fixed olis are here directed to be prepared by expression, and another, Olive Oil, is hept as an article of Materia Medica. Their generat characters are liquidity inmoderate temperatures, Unctuosity, Deedom Dom smelland taste is fresti and pure, and combustibility. They arelighter than water, and insolubie in mater or athool; but they may be diffused through water by triturationwith mucilage, under Whicli form they are osten administered interually. They readily unite With alhalies
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temperature of about 6OOS; is exposed to OXygen gas, orcommon air, they combine With oXygen, and gradually be come more dense and viscid. Some of them, as liraseed oti, retain their transparency, and are called d ing olis; othersbec Oming opaque, as almond oti, are called far olis. One generat circumstance guarded against in the preparation ofthese otis sor medicat purposes, is the application of heat, byWhicli a larger quantity of Oil may indeed be obtained, butaster Which it is more apt to be come rancid ; hence the StreSSwhicli is laid upon what is called collidra ing. They are alimore frequently prepared Upon the great male by manufacturers, than for the sole use of apothecaries, and there re require more attention to their puri ty and characters. Almond oti is the fame whether obtained frona the bitteror SWe et Variet y, none of the peculiar principi e contained in
the former being solubie in oti, or passing through With it, nor does the quali ty of the oli appear in faci to be influenceu
by the presen ce of the eXternat coat. For medicat use, hoWeVer, the SWeet almond is commonly preferred. It is of somuch conseqUerace in every part of the process to avoid in- creased temperature, that the longer immersion of the almon is in cold water for the separation of the eX ternat coat
whicli has been jud ged proper is preferable to the more immediate effeci, whicli is produced by ttieir immersion in hol. It is indeed a disadvantage, that under any of iis ordinarymodes of preparation few oiis turn rancid so soon as this, andis proper supply of any legs exceptionable one could be Procured easily, it might be substituted with advantage. The expressed Oil of the hagel-nut co lus avellana , has beenstrongly recommended in this potnt of vlew by an eminent practical chemist.
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Oleum e seminibus' lini, P. L. 1787. Oleum lini, P. L. II 45.
Brui se Common Linseed; then e X press theoil Without any application of heat.
Oleum e seminibus ricini, V. L. II 8I.
Brui se Castor See is, previ ou Sty de prive dos their external Coat; theri express the oli vi thout any application of heat.
With respect to castor oti, the College has conceded togenerat convenience and practice in alloWing the use of it asan imporsed article, as Neli as directing iis expression Dom theseeds in this country, Whicli is done by very feW apothecaries. When it can be obtained, the oil so prepared, Whicli is milder in iis taste, and equalty or more active in iis purgative effecis, is to be preferred; and is the imported article beu sed, it ought to be selected as Dee stom acrimony and ran , cidity as possibie.
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Oleum essentiale anisi, P. L. 1787. Oleum e seminibus anisi, P. L. II 5.
Oleum e floribus chamameli, P. L. II45. Oleum chamamalinum, P. L. I 20.
Oleum essentiale carui, Ρ. L. I 78 . oleum essentiale e seminibus carui, P. L. I 45.
Oleum essentiale juniperi baccae, P. L. I 87. Oleum essentiale e baccis juniperi, P. L. 1745. P. L. 1 20.
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Oleum essentiale lavendulae, P. L. 1787. Oleum essentiale e floribus Lavendulae, P. L. 17 5.
Oleum essentiale meiathar piperitidis, P. L. t 787. Oleum essentiale e foliis menthae piperitidis, P. L. II 15.
Oleum essentiale menthae salivae, P. L. 1787. Oleum essentiale e foliis menthae vulgaris, P. L. t 745.
Oleum essentiale origani, P. L. 1787. Oleum essentiale e soliis origani, P. L. I 765.
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Oleum essentiale pulegii, P. L. I 787. Oleum essentiale e foliis pulegii, Ρ. L. I 47.
Oleum essentiale roris marini, P. L. II87. Oleum essentiale e foliis roris marini, P. L. 1745.
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as Will cover it, then disti l the oil into a large
u SC These olis are also called Volatile otis, and Essentiat Oils, and are prepared Dom disserent paris of different planis, of whicli they retain, in every instance, the characteristic Odour, hut not alWays the iaste ; for the oil of pepper is not pungent, nor that os Worm ood bitter. Severat are importet Dorn Warm climates, where they are produc ed in greater perfection, and there re stand in the catalogue of Alateria Medica; others, forming the present chapter, are USuallyprepared in this country, for the purposes of pharmacy, Domsubstances whicli are either indigenous or imported. Thereare Some cases in Whicli the volatile oti may be obtained bye X pression, as Dom the rind of temons and oranges ; but allthose whicli are directed under this head require the common process of distillation. The Pharmacopoeia of 1787 added asmuch water as Would preVent empyreuma; in the present,as much as Will cover the vegetable employed is ordered, whicli is the fame thing in effeci. These otis rise with a heatos 212', the water is there re to be quickly made to boil; they are conden sed in the worm of the refrigeratory, and areaster artis separated most convenient ly Dom the water, Withwhicli they pass over, by an Italian receiver, or by means ofa separating futinet, the stem of whicli is stopped by the fin-per, and when this is removed, the heavier inferior water is