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allowed to escape, and by replacing it, the lighter superior Oilis retain ed. As sonae olis are more Volatile than others, and do not require the vegetabie frona whicli they are extractedio be boiled in the water, means have been contrived forsuspending them in a basket in the stili head, and thus exposing them to a current of si eam, Willi improvement of theirodour; suci, are the olis os lavender and rosemary. Volatile
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Oleum succini rectificatum, P. L. 178 T. Oleum succini, P. L. 1745. P. L. 1720.
Introduce the Amber into an alembi C, SOthat there may distit ouer, froni a Sand bath, With a sire gradu atly raised, the acid liquor, the oti, and a sali impregna ted With oil; thena ope at the distillation of the olt twice.
Amber is decomposed is it be exposed to a red heat; succinic acid in solution arises, a quantity of the fame acidsublimes and collecis in the neck of the retori, and there also passes OVer a brown-coloured Oil, which becomes darker as the process advances, and has a bituminous unpleasant smelland acrid taste. It is necessary that the heat should be cautiousty applied, and kept very low at first, not higher, thatis, than 212', untii the water and a smali portion of thin ollhaVe come over, after Whicli it may be flowly increased ; this management iS necessary, because is the 1 re be urged too hastily at frst, the amber Will rise Without decomposition. An iron or earthenware retori is, as Gottiing states, to bepreferred to a glass one. The producis are to a considerable degree contaminated by each other, more especialty the concrete acid, Whicli is mixed with and coloured by the olli and
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183when in the Pharmacopolia of 1787 it Was retained under thenam e of Sal Succini, iis purification Was directed in a particular process and was dissicultly effected. This concrete acidis now omitted, both as being very rarely used, and as appearing to possess no poWers Which Would justise iis retention. The oti is rendered lighter coloured, and less foetid, by the two following distillations.
Oleum terebinthinae rectificatum, P. L. II 87. Oleum terebinthinae aethereum, P. L. II15. Oleum sive Spiritus terebinthinae, sive, ut vulgo dicitur, Oleum spicae, P. L. 172O.
Is turpentine be exposed to heat, a limpid volatile oti, wItha hot pungent iaste, and peculiar smeli, arises, and commonyello resin remalias bellind. The botling potnt of this ollis 560', and it is purified for medicat use by a second distillation, in Whicli process great caution iS neceSSary, on account of the volatilily and inflammability of tho Oil. When
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thus prepared, it has been called Spirit os turpentine, and does not appear materialty to differ Dom the common preparation, but a thicher residuary matter, called Balsam os turpentine, in this case remains in the stili. It is dissicultly and sparingly solubie in athohol. In the Pharmacopoeia of 1787, the preparation of the oli immediately Dom the turpentine as inserted; at present both it and the yellow resin aretaken as prepared by manufacturers, and iis re-distillation is directed to purify it for the purposes of internat exhibition.
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maters are to be distilled frona dried planis, uni ess it he other vise directed, because theycannot be obtained fresti at ali times of the year. When fresti planis are employed, thequantities here directed must be doubled. To every gallon of these Walers add sive fluidounces of proos spirit, for the pui pose of preserving them.
Ali these Walers are impregnated with a certain quantityof the essentiat olis of the planis frona whicli they are distilled, and there re resemble the water Whicli passes OVer Dom the fame planis in the collection of their essentiat olis. Here, hOWever, a large proportion of Water is Used; and the common stili and worm tub are algo the instruments by Whicli they may be prepared. Dried planis are preferred generalty for their preparation, and when fresti ones are USed, allowance is to be made for the quantity of Water they contain and whicli is tost hv drying ; this is estimated generat lyat about half their weight, and a doubie proportiora os such is directed in order to give the fame impregnation of Oil to agiVen quantity of water. At their sirst distillation many of
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these Walers have an unpleasant smeli, which goes OT considerably is they be exposed for sonae days to the air. AsSOme Portion Os mucilage, or other constituent part of the Plant, is generalty carried over With the oli, these Walers areapt to become ropy and spoli; and to prevent this a smaliquantity of spirit is added. This mode of preparation has been retained, and considered as preferable io, and more gratefulthan, the eXtemporaneous preparation of Such Walers, by admixture of a DK drops of the essentiat Oil With Water and Shaking them together, or adding what have been calledeSSences to Water, at the time the particular impregnation is Wanted. Such essences are prepared by the union of aikoholwith the essentiat olis.
The purification os common water by distillation Was, in the Pharmacopoesa of II 87, insisted upon for almost ali theuses of Pharmacy : it is noW applied only for those nicer pur-Poses to Whicli it seems absolutely necessary, in the liope that
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neous matters very Dw natural Walers are Dee; they mayhowever, and do differ in their quantity and quality indifferent instances, and of cour se their application may bemore or less improper for the solution os other salts, whendirected for medicat use ; the tests there re of the presence of such substances will vary, and cara only be applied Dom a generat chemicat Enowledge of their effect s. The more delicate of these must be employed with sonae degree of caution, for water Whicli is distilled in the common Way Willosten carry OVer sonae extraneolas matter in iis Spray, and thus aster the process, contain enough of the original impregnation to be sensibie to a delicate test.
Aqua anethi, P. L. JISI. Aqua seminum anethi, P. L. II 65.
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Aqua seminum carui, P. L. 1745.
This is the only nein mater introduced into the presentlist, and is a very gratesul and useful addition to it.
Aqua cinnamomi, P. L. II 87. Aqua cinnamomi simpleX, P. L. 1745. Aqua cinnamomi tenuis, P. L. I 720.
Take of Cinnamon Bark brui Sed, a pDUnd. V ater, a Pint.
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Aqua sceniculi, P. L. 178I. P. L. 1745.
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Aqua menthae piperitidis, P. L. Ι 87. Aqua menthae piperitidis simplex, P. L. I 745.
Aqua menthae Sativae simplex, P. L. II 87. Aqua menthae vulgaris simplex, P. L. I 745.