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h sunt extra revinciam primi Mese arctis, isdemnae Me movinea Me proelium factum est, Mis bastis mas suos a. ore, hoWever, that a relative promun agines it iis animcedent in gende and number, ut that iis case depend on iis comstructio in the clause in hic it is used:
Noo. When the relative clause contain a predicate noun the relative Pronou agree With thia nou mine than mit an antecedent of different vende an number:
NOTE. A finite ver is ne having person and number.
a. A vere is usuali singulariis it has for ita subject a collective mun, that is, a nou singula in form ut referring to more than ne Person or ining - hut it ma be plures in dividual are thought of : senatu haec intiatiost, Me senate knows his magna munireddis narimi, a great muni uae camees Impermnia Verba. When a ver is sed impersonalty that is, without a personat subject it is put in the this person singular, anda perfeci participi or gerundive enes in um: ppuravium i uniis carrisaeon pugnatum ovit, strinae mas carrisae,
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67. Agroement Wit Tmo Ormore Subjecta. With two o more subjecta connected by et, que or atque ac me ver may agree in the Mares orae plures:
summa alacrita et eupidulla heu gerendi irmata est, ver great ea mnes anae Eerire for maring mar mere inspireae oppidum M vicus cenarrarem, Ma somnisnae tuam ara βω--63. Wit , o more subjecta formin a single dea me verbma be singular: Matrona et Mquana miri est. Me Mam anae sine riviae etc., B. G. I. IM Wit , o more singula subjecta connected by comunctions meani , o nar the ver is in the singula numher: neque imperator neque Iegatu emat timidus, neuiser est onera nori a Dina avi mas in i
NOMINATIVEN. The nominative caseris used a me subjectis a finite ver oras me predicate alter a copulative verb: Caesam respondit, Caraar resura Labienus orati aeris Labianus mas a I auca ααι7I. The nominative case is sed a me subjectis me historices
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noting the possessor ori ner: inta tingam νεα-- et Aa roman δα-n Ae stridoris in Memmisit an Me uobrames, B. G. I. 6 a The possessive genitive osten Manda in the predicate: alia lutinant arisanare uadrεa, Arioris,s Aa ι. - B. G. I. 3374. Possessive pronomina adjectives are sed instea of the pomsessive genitive os personat pronouns: non opinet musta popuId Romano in meo insisad of moi iure impodin, i is nos preser Moulaeis Ain ιreae in m mi isti is Me man seosis B. G. I. 3675. Sub actis and objectis Genltive. A nouistat suggesta actiono laesing may be modisie is a genitive. The conteri Wili generassytet whether me genitive is the sub eris the ob re of the actio orseeling denote by the --:
a timoris tum tantua erat ut fugerent, Me far of Mauri istae asso mea Ma Memineae Here the phraae timor multum means that the oldiem eis; incemnitum, a the subjectis the laesing expresse is timor, is a m e cive genitio. Cf. patrum nostrarum memoria, mi Ain Ae memor of -H Merae, B. G. II. b. timor diem hostea driermit, o Mesae, ear of Me so Iera kσι Me mem bacis Here in phras timor mllitum means that the oldier are eared;hence multum, a the object of the laetin expresse is timor, is an lective genitive. Cf. re veteri a n et in iniuriis populi Romari, for Me anciens inrevs V inflicted by Ma Herenti Me Roman seole, B. G. I. 3OIn this sentence inlustriam is a suriective genitive, popuIUMmavi iaan objective genitive.
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76. Partitis senitive. oes denotin a partis an objec oryo rure follo edi a genitive de ting the whole objecti Moup:
tres Parte copiarum traduxerunt, Aefleae acros rare quam rem partη of thei forco a The partitive genitive a be sed not oesy illi nouns, ut also illi neuter singula adjectives an pronouns sed substantiveb
EXCEPTION Cardinal numerals exceptisma in the indefinite pronou Idam usuallyriis the ablative withra exhinstea of the partitive genitive:
unus ex α' one of Mose quidam ex muribus, ne of Me sol istae
77. senuis of macriptionis quali . The genitive os a nou is use to denote qualit oraind. Such a genitive is regulari a -- panted by an adjective cf. Ablative of Description DII 6 a):
Vir et consuli magni et uirtutis, a man Viboth great Acrision anae coum e B. G. III. Sa senuis of macription a Predicate. The descriptive genitiveis osten used a the predicate of a sentence: est enim hoc Gallicae consuetuamis for uis is a Gaui custom, B. G. IV. Slluminis erat altitud peclum circiter trium, Ma EUM V Me miser masabout rarae fera, B. G. II. I 8δ. ne descriptive genitive is osten sed Min numeral to denote measure Genitive of easure): soaaam obduxit circiter passuum quadringentdriun Ae extentaeae a uia os about fur hun eae paces B. G. II 8
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7s. sevitis es alae. The adjectives anu, quantit, Maria, andinisoria re se substantives in the predicate is denote indefinite
ra sanitive es interlia The genitive mandenote me substance, or materies of Whic anythim concisis: aciem instraxit is nim quattuor As aerem, itans os battis offur
M. Adjectives denotiniissime, knowledo, memorF, hunera pomeris riv, uiu, and thei opposites also participies in ina sed asa eclives, are fosso ed by the genitium
quod a veteria contumeliae obliviaci veIim, but i I Mout be miliavso formi Me otia mons B. G. I. I 4reminiacere veteris inrannm a populi limam, remember Me formermis nune of Me Roman sole, B. G. I. I 3
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concerni Accommon me ame, B. G. II. Sae Sometimes illi the ver potior, ne possession V, hic δε--mer, Commota tises the ablative Dio7 a cium ,-- muri, o gus a Sion occisa MD of M, B. G. I. 3DATIVAM. Datis es Induret oriret. The dative is me case of the indirectoriere, an denotes that so misi is for Alcmanythiniis orcis done. It is used notista Min intransitive veres, but also it transitive verbii connection it a direct oriret: et filiam auam stat he oves to Aim Ais auisum B. G. I. 3M. Datis muli Maelia Verim. The dative of the induere objectis sed Mi man intransitive verba meming o favor, si se λαν,
cf. B. G. I. 23 TR. os of these verba re tranaitive in Engliah take a directobject in the objective case, and are usuali translateo ascis transitive. ut in Latin the real idearis o gis a commanae io, Marant Monuo, ora Medientuo, etc., and the dative of the indirecti ec folloma as a natural consequence.
a. In the passive voice these verbs re sed impersonalty 3 66 , and the dative follows a Min me active tace: stu quidem temuraratum, ram inrieae senu eae liti it is senu Bae
M. Dative lin communda The dative of the indirect object iafound after man verba compounde Min ad ante eon, G, in inter, G, Mat, Prae, Pro sub aver, and wmetimes cimian:
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semes iniuras cf. B. G. II. II ratius boni imperium M postulant, Mem emanae for Mamsuves Me command of us aurire mari B. G. II.
M. Datis es separation. Some verba suntlyricis aru am in re, particulari communda es ab M an ex tis me dative:
87. Datis of Apparent Agent. The dative is ometimes sedio denote arenos regulari Wit me passive periphrasti conjuga
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M. Datis of Hamaalon. The dative is sed as a predicate missime verbisum to denote possession: in mure renatatondi Poteata erat in no ne mas Me so Mesrais foring on the wau lit. Me fossibiu F mas Diso ono, B. G. II 6 Uinua aditu eat ast e, mercat ribus, rudera ave no accessu e m liti no accessu Mem iis Me ira ren, B. G. II. Is Notice that thericlinis motion Iouisam is expressed by the accusative th ad While the idea os possession Ioaheamaeenyis expressed by the dative. 89. Datis of Purmae or Q. The dative is use to denote summum enclinen with another dative denotin the person benefiteo
so. Dative mith Adjectivea The dative is used wit adjectives oradverba denoti meamera, Iraenera, si ness, service, and thei opposites: finitimi Belin erant, Me mere ad centu Me Bestiae, B. G. II a meris ted um Iomni dMegit, Aa Mose a flare sui abis for tha --, B. G. I. 49 proximi GaIliae unt, Me am neares Diaul, cf. B. G. II. 3A USATIVEs1. Dirae obieci. The directis entis a transitive ver is ut in
me accusative: Ioateis de pace miserunt, Me sene enuom in re ferace, B. G. IV. 27sa. Subjectis Infinitive. The subjectis an infinitive is put in the
accuSative nostros is esse inferiurea intinerit, Ae funae Mais ou men inere nos inferior, B. G. II 8 NOTE. The subjectis the historica infinitive 3 ai8 is regulari in thenominative 3 ij.
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Caesar me os ramentum tantare, Caesar emande main o Me Mut B. G. I. I 6 NOTE. hi constructio is found with oro, Posco, rogo, agild, doceo,
a. illi me passive of rogo and of vertis of eachinae an a fewothera me accusative of the renon ecomes in subjeci, and the accusative of the Mincis reta ed: ACTIVE Gaaos rogavit, δε askerrae Gauctior erector PASSIVE in auros rogati aunt, Me Gauis ere Meae for terrisorFM. T. Aecuaativea mirere oriret an Adjunet Accusative. Verbs of maring cho iv, cautam meo iv, Moming, etc. ostentis a secone accusative referring to the fame person o ming a thedirect objecti aliis secon objec is calle the ad nn accusative:
erum vero rerum appellant Haedui, Me Haedui auraim remoretus, cf. B. G. I. I 6 Ariovistum am Icum appellant, Me care Ariovistus rimae Noo. In the passive the direct object ecomes the subjeci nominative, an in adjunc accusative hecomes in predicate nominative: Ariovistus anucus appellatur, Ariovistus is caueae friend
leae rarae furtas of Aese omnes acres Mat riseri f. B. G. I. I 2 NOTE. In the passive these verba retain the econdar objeci: Belgae a num traduci sunt, Me iam meme eae aeras Me mine, cf. B. G. II.
M. Aemaatis es Duratio an Extent. The accusative denotea duration os time and emunt of σμου:
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M. Meuaative of AAndrea Meming. An intransitive ver may beused Min me accusative of a noun, oris a neuter promuni adjecitive os indefinite meaning, hic has o suggest the fame memingas the verti: tu es perararit, e fenu eae Mem ouis is couras Et A seraeuari Mis co sexto Memin, B. G. I. In his sentenceria, si objectis με aiat, πrmenta the pera conliself, and a re at me idea es the ver