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5. With these are rechon tame o grain, Pulse, vegetabim, spices, liquors, liquids,4c. acti iticum hordeum, avena, pisum, faba, vicia, salvia, ruta, byssopus, crocum, piper, cererisui, oleum, butyrum, cera, M. et e sand the pluris, heis verat are signis hordea serra, viciae, sebin lupim, papa vera, rutae, lantes cerio, multa, musta, vina, particulari in Poets. 6 these particulari, ong the sono re aether, coenum,fimus, hepar humus, limus, meridies, muscus, nemo pelagus, pontus, salus, sanguis, ver Virus, vesper vulgus; of whicli theplumis scar ely OCCurra et the pluralis muscus is used Apul. Metam post init. an pelage πελαγη Lucret. 5. 16. 6. 619.
We seldo findoli pluralis plebs, prosapia This usam must be hien acquired by reading the analog of Englishcannot alwayste depende in the plural sella is uni Semen. Sammon. ias. Coei. Aures Acut 3. 19. Ibid. Tard. i. d.; Tertuli. de r. Misit lvi sapores, Plin. H. . 8. 5. 9. 7.;
ii. 53. Iq. l. Virg. Georg. 4. 62. usus, se, i Ditem unditi the plures, a Cic. T. l. o. twice in immediate succession partium corporis usus sunt necessarii aeque earum unusuis nominibus appellant so mortes C ausc. I. 48. mortes, 49 optabiles mortes, M.
III. Some substantives are sed in ne numberonisin a particular signification or have in ille plurala disserent though related Seme as,
Edes sing. church, templa inmetimes housea plur. house: in denote temple by the plures, we mus sa sacrae Mes, whachinen occum: ut in the sing. Weneed novsa sacra arilis, since
sis sumes: et we find sacra aedis, Cic. Flacci I9. Castrum sastenim, casue castra, Camp. Copia plenty, multitude copiae, M , orces, emus a multitude also stores, multitudes. Auxilium, help auaulia, auxiliar soldiem.
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Emis, Mundary md fine , boundaries of a munuv, stat is, thesend os it. Fortuna, fortune, hance, luck Brinnae, fortune wealth; sometimes chance. Furianimo furfures, dandruss also bran. Gratia, agree lenes' mur, hanks gratiam habet is ferro gratiae, stanta in Wotas agere gratias. Lac, missici lactes, smat entralis, as lactes agninae; et lactesis rasterso lacus, os hic the singular seido occura. Lustrum, period os sive Fors lustra, wil beasu den. Mos, usam mores, annem, in ala alio usages. Opera, Milij a ur, service opem, handicrasti, laborum. Sal sali sales, desis, Witticism alfio Sali. Studium, eammes generesb studia particulari ingemessinae ing study. Τ these some add tempus, time tempora, times, the templesos the head but tempus means I. ume, . temple os ille heta; iber ore tempora, times and temples. ote. O theses long rostrum Mah, rostra beaks also the pulpit o Mage is mearinia Rome Rostra ora notir
i rostra ascendere, Livr ut in rostris iteras recitarentur, Liv. 27. O.
IV. Some, d. pear in a certain sense io changethei gender in the plures as,
l. Sing masc. an plur neut tartarus, pl. tartara locus, loci, loCa iocus, ioci, ali ioca si hilus, si hili, sibila. ut it musti observed that the iacient also sal tartarum, loCum, iocum, sibilum, and that hono the plural in aris derived anditia meae plumis remai d though the singulus tartarum i
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cum &C. came obsolete. O thessaid hic actus, haec acta hic sensus, haec sensa lito flectus, haec essecta. ut acta,
sensa, emcta, are passive participies, signissiti iniugsydone, perceived, si ted and theresin do no come rum actus,
sensus, essectus. 2. Sllig. m. and plur neut a Carbasus, Carbasi supellex,
supellectilia: ut these plurals likewise come sto other, ει, carbasum, supellectile, &c. S. Sing. neut an Plur masc. a coelum, Coeli Porrum, porri elathrum, clathri These plumis, o ver are stom elus, porrus clathrus, of Whichahe nom. porrus Occum; as, . 4. 6. Is for instance, coelum reali semed coeli, Cicerowouldies have sala, ad Div. 9. h. s. te putabat quaesiturum, unum esset credum an innumerabilia sest coela bubi numerabiles, scit coeli. Socii enum, ii eni rastrum, rastri butwe must here suppose the unusual nominatives frenus and raster
4. Sinnimi and plur sem as epulum, epulae; delicium, d
liciae exuvium, exuvia3 balneum, balneae nundinum, nundinae. But these plumis algo must e derive sto the nominatives
epula, delicia, exuvia, baliaea a delicia actuali occurs in thesing. Plaut. Rud 2. 4. 13. Ibid. Truc. 5. St. Inscrip ap. Gruti pag. io Id. n. 5. he ancients alio used opaea in the sing. a ordinito Festus balinea sing. contracte balnea is seu , Inscrip ap. Reines. ass. ii. n. lib. also nundina sing. Siadon ep. 7. 5.
I. Every declinable Word, there re very substantive, must properly have siccases of Whic the namesare very obscure viet. Nominative, nam terminatimi, orname-c eri Genitive, hinstermination or case Ῥωtive, giving termination or cases Accusative, Meusing termination or case Vocative callius termination or
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Θ Cases casea Ablative depriving termination or case. lienominative an vocative are also terme casus recti;
ille res obliqui, stat is oblique bent, erooked.
Note. The word casus may be translate termination since dere also iacio used but perhaps stilli ter, change of termination. ut perhaps also, caseis occasion and probabbine inventor os tho nam alluded to this sense since me substantive may occur in dishrent cases, an in ocii os these se or occasion changes iis termination. The word God is
in distererit Cases o OCCasions, hether I say God loves me, or I love God also in Latin Perhaps rom a particulur Casein, hic his termutation o a substantive occurred, a generalthough accurate name asilum in the termination as, v
cor Petrus here a nam is expressed theresore it Was calledine nominative minus thensai pater hujus filii, filii, called the genitive case, ithout reor in other occasion orcases; as, cupidus iterarum, odium mei, poenitet facti, M. Sincessio said, deest mihi it was called the dative, without regata toparco tibi, M. Because the said accusavit illum, it vas calle the accusative case. O on account of the exclamations serves filii the vocative case. Since the said e domo res est ablata, this as an ablative case and theyiam efficaccordingly.
I. Os many only one these are called monoptote : a Gen. dicis, dicis causa. Dat despicatui, divisui frustratui to hichostentui is added: ut the ablative ostentu is used Geli. m. r. prop. n. Accus inlicem, Virg. to this inme adii trilicem: cibo plura uilices occum Mart. 4. 43 Abiat natu, promptu, accitu arcessitu coactu, alii effagitatu, invitatu,
mandatu oratu, peccatu, relatu, indultu, inconsultu, iniussu, concessu, monitu To theses long diu i. e. die luC i. e. tu CB, noctu i e nocte ergo i e propter, as illius ergo, hicli are Pr Diuitia ' Corale
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peri substantives theso are Ometimes added, a iussu ablat. but iussu is also Mund in the dative so iussui, a iussu Parere, Caes. AuguStu ap. Serv. Virg. n. 8 696. b adfatu but in plura adlatus, adfatibus ure used 'ortatu, hut
hortatibus is ound Ovid. et 3 242. Val. Flac. a. θω, 4. 8 l. 3 vocatu but vocatus, L ncc. Virg. m. a. . H flictu bui flictus is used Pacuv. v. Serv. Virg. AEn. 9 667. fypermissu bucam permissum, Pand. o. i. 15. uni scit bedei ivet froin permissum, i. gὶ missu hut Ne sinu missus, Lu-Cret. 4. IO. Sueton. Dom. a. an missibus, Suet Ner. 22.hὶ obiecti; ut obiectum occum Lucr. 4. 845. an obiectus
plural), Tacit Ann. 4. 8. yoppositu but oppositus pl. Cicero am Io exti And perhaps it is possibi os many of themto find more cases Amitur infitias as infitias ire is deo. a se ome adfinestas; as, ad incitas redigi in be reducta tost greatest extremity so that one cannot hel himseis; ut itis properi an adjective o participie, an means immoveatile, calces siones used in soni table me bem understood Abl. plur ingratiis against inclination. Q. Os many only tw cases occurri these are called diploiecia nom. and acc. a instar, nihil, and generalinat indeclinabies;
les deam sortem Ovid. Fast. 6. 775, an fortunae sortis, Ibid. 773 belonito these there moui then e seu cases in use: vesper, vespere or vesperi cygen and abi a impelis, impete; γet impetibus is used Lucret. l. 294 unles it comedi om impetus also spontis, sponte seo spons, hichrismund oesyonce in Auson. Technopaegn d Dative and ahi some allege nuptui, nuptun irrisui, irrisi; ut the genitive nuptus is us H, Gell. 2. 24. the dat nuptii for nuptui Colum. 4. S. ext. Aures Vira de Vir. Illus. 9. and accus nuptum, Stat Silv. 5. l. 45. Romanisus comes me dative irrisui, and accus imrisum, ac Mn. Is l5. e Uur noni an um suppetiae, Suppetias gen and abi repetundarum repetundis. Me Tothese some add macte, macti asci macte mere in the VOC. mg. and macii nom. plur this ori is no ciearly undereisod
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ον Cases. in the ancients, sin macto esto, iuberem te macte virtute esse, Liv. 2. 12 ext where in the sint place macie sem in bea nom. in the seco an accus.
s. in man we sn oes three cases these are called triptote a dica, a lega process, dicam pluridica, tollime iis
1 re red; nom. vis, vim abl. vi These are in ed most usual, hut the gen vis is Mund Pand 4. 2. I. Paul. Sentent. 5. it. SO. Au Ct. Dialog de orat. perhaps Tacitus 26. med.; and dat vi Auct B. Astic. 69. 4. os many seu ais Bunes these are callia tetraptote as
To these inme join mare; et Priscian. . inows that Naevius used marium and maxum o the vocative, as nemo, nullus, neuter vis, lin. Here re inimust be our principes uide sesit is no en o that a case me occum me must conside in What writer. Ibis also possibis that os ste a v mentioned orct more cases are inise haesi se Whicli,e have iven. Note. Μ an word have only one case deficient in the singular, bucare complete in the plures acopis, opem, ope yet Accius ap. Priscian has the nom. opsin pluri opes, um, ibus, es, es, ibus Messest plurali ambages compedes, fraces, iugera, verbera, vepres, semina, crates, sordes, preces, Miscera, fruges, pecudes, dapes, din although the genitive sto dapes in noteasibi met with.
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tions os ille genitive case and a these terminationsare ive in number, W rechonive decienSionS, O more
conectj, sive modes os deciension or declining. he strat has in sto genitive generali somelimes as ores the secondes the thir is, at times s us thelaurinis the fifth et II. Every nou steresse soll- one os thesela
and laurili, laurus, i andis pinus, an us So ficus, colus; so domus finο- parumste semin and pamythes urth. Penus even sollows three the second, hird, laurili penu and penu , i penus, oris PenuS us; so iugerum hasis e cases os the thies, ut probabjsrom the old wor iugeri The neuter in m also have the goniti v and ablative in is and ibus. any neuters have in the genitive um and orum, a Satu nalia Saturnalium liorum, Bacchanalia, sponsalia vasa esset O instrument genitive vasis, in ille Singular
Hows the third, in the plural the second: Ma, rum, is, a, a, is Where, must remar stat the plures issem ille obsoletevasum ille sing. vasum occurs, Plauti
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- in Mesemions. 65Trvc. I. I. 33. Word derived sto the Gree occasio some distinct dissiculties, because tho retata their mode os deesension Iesus v v um, , , solio ione of the Latin deciensions. hus the genitive is ostenin os a genesis genes s aeneis AEneidos orcinus, aceta echus, M. Whicli Will e considered in their prope PlaCU. III. To facilitate declining - observe:
Q. The vocative is like the nominativo with ver se excep-iumue suci, as in the second deciension, herus, here. S. The dative an ablatave pluraliave at ars the sanae termination.
4. The nom. pluri end in thesis dec in ae, in the d in i, in ille res in s and in the last three, the nom. and acci se hamita fame termination. o. The genitive pluri always md in um. m. l. arum
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since the vocative has almos alway the fame termination asste nominative. 7. vlaw or scheme os ille sive modes os deciension exceptilia Gree w d an neutem are omitted the n minative singula also Mes no appea in iis various
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Note. In this manne are decline , a substantives mensa table hora hour, aqua ater, aquila eagle, ancilla maid, alauda lar and plurals as cunae Cradle, divitiae riches. Adjectives in a, as longa lotag, magna irreat, pulchra beautilat, &c. Also together, as iens longa, long table aqua alta, deepWater hora laeta, plosant hour divitiae magnae, greatricho; vhic thea me ma decline togester.