The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus

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Quoniam qui primi Rhenum, &o. Since the who, havin sirstcrOSSed the Rhine, drove ut the auis, and are o calle Tungri, Were then called Germani, V i. e. called themSelve Germani. ster Tungri Suppi vocentur. ObServe more aver, the emplOymen Ofthe subjunctive in his and the succeedin Sentence beenuSe thowriter is iving the assertio Os Others, O lii Own SentimontS. Zumpi 545.)-Ita nationis nomen, &c. io idely the amrm di the nam os a particula tribo, notis the Whole race, by degreeSexteri Ditself that ali calle themselve Germani, by an appellationassumed in the sirs instanc by the conquering tribe in Orde to in-Spire terror, and Subsequently adopted by themselves. V Observehere the Zeugma in invento. The Bipont edition, illi thatis oberi DUS, &e. hct ita nationis nomen in nomen gentis, bile therisor nongenti re ad in gentis the eonjectureis Acidalius. The reading hichwe have adopted howe ver is that of ali the SS. and early editions.

Fuisse apud eos et Herculem memorant. The relate that thero Was amercule alS amon them. V B Hercule is meret meant mythic personiseationis valor an manliness. In this ense almost very ancient nationandrit Hercules. Memorant. The eLerenue is nota the Germans Sppaking of themsetve S, a the Ordsapud eos plaini ShOW, ut to the account givenis them by thers. Primum. A the firSt, ' i. e. the mOSt pre-eminent. Equivalentio principem.

tus his term is suppos e to e sorme stoin the old German

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virorum cantu, feminarum ululatu sonuit acies. V--Nec tam vocis ille,

ther, ad loc. Fructum murmur. brohen roar. V The term murmur is not

Sea thunder, an earlhquake, e . Compare reund morterb. s. v. - Quo plenior et gravior, &e. In orde that the voice may swelllarili fuller and more sonorous, in consequence of the repereuSSion. V

Quidam opinantur, &e. Among the Se Strabo iii. p. 49 contend that lysses ad vance boyon Tartessus, and Ounde 'Odυσ-σeta lisippo V Lisbon , an Solinus c. 26, 36 malles him touchat Britain. Stili more extravagant are the speculations of Somemodern writers, horan a resemblance belween the lyssean appellationitis and that os dines Compare Dillhey, ad loc.)-Longo illo et fabillos errore. During thos long and much-sabled mandering os his.' Observe that fabuloso is here equivalent to in fabulis celebrato. V The allusion is to the Homerio an post-Homerio legentis respecting the wandering of Ulyssesin his returisto Troy. Asciburgium. Manneri solioWin Ptolemy mahes his place toliave been sit uatem the right bank of the Rhine, here the canalos Drusus Oined the Ysset, and where the modern Dosburities. It

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Asciburgium illi the legendis Odin and the Ast. Nominatumque Aster this Wor is found in most SS. an early

crate by Ulysses V Observe that Uliae is here the dative, by a

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NOTES THE GERMANIA .-CHAP. IV. V. G5thei physical characteristies. - Truces et caerulei oculi. Eyesterceos expressio an os a light blue color. V It is principali inmesse, Westphalia, Omerania Hanover, Thuringia, and avaria that Cesin traces at the present da of the phySica characteristic vi hicli Tacitus here ascribes to the ancient Germa race. O the therhand the communities that inhabit Bohemia, oravia, SileSia, a partofippe Saxony, and Austria, displa in thei physica consorinatio tho mark of a blendin With the StaVOni race. -Rutiliae comoe. Rudd loelis, ' i. e. of a yello iSh red Or ame-colored. The Germans and Gaul frequently used artificiat means to make theirhairis a med oriam color. Compare Hist. iV. 6 I und Strabo, Vii. p. 290. Magna corpora. he large Stature os the ancient Germaniis frequently referre to by the ancient,riters Compare, alSO, Chapter

XX of the preSent rentiae.-Et tantum ad impetum valida. Andpowersulini sor theirst onset, ' i. e. the firS Shock of the conssiet. Compare Seneca de Ira, i. II: Germanis quid est animosius y quid ad incursum acrius ' )-Laboris atque operum non eadem patientia. here is no the fame patient endurance of labor an prolonged exertions. ' Ome commentator regar laboris atque operum S a

Etsi aliquanto specie dissert Although it varies considerabi inaspeet.' Literalty although it dissers Domitself). V Observo that dissero is here used absolutely. illi rogard to aliquanto it maybe remacted that aliquanto aliquantum, and the ther compoundsos ali, hiuli resedit number o Space, almos invariabimimpi great-nes of SOm Lind. Ernesti, ad Suet. Coes. 80. -si univerSum tamen, e. In generat, hoWever, is either mugii With sorosis orioso ed by marshes. V Tacitus does not appea to have known muchos the interioris Germany although, it is true, numerOUS OreStSwore cattere ove it, a the Sila Hercynia, Marciana, Gabreta, Luna, Teutober iensis, e . trace of many of Whicli stili rem ain. The marshes, of Whichi here Spealis, reser principalint the coun-

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riversi akeS, an marShe in hi quarter. Ventosior, qua Noricum et Pannoniam, Q. ore leali here it look loward Noricum an Pannonia. V Ancient Oricum an Pannonia comprehendedwhat is no Austria Styria, Carinthia, parti Aungary, c., O that the portionis Germany here meant illie the Outhern and easternparis It is more elevate an mountainous than the ther puris of the country, and liene more eXpOSed to the winds. Satis ferar. Productive O grain, V i. e. so thing SOwn incit. Observe that satis is here the dative pluralis satus, an no the adverb, a Some maintain. ObServe moreOver, the disserenee of mean- in belwee satorum fera an satis ferar; the sormor whicli is thumore usual constructionis ferilae meanS productive in grain, V i. e. , produciniit in abundanee; ut the alter, productive O grain, i. e. wellitie t produce it. Walther, ad loc. Caesar Spe alis o

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fore, O ake nprocera a neuter plural, RS referring to pecora, illia ellipSi of the copula sunt, O that the construction ill e sed iiiprocera illa sunt). his illisave the necessit Os our adopting, withi redomand Woikert, the conjectural re adingis Lipsius, name-ly, pleraque Compare Iacobs, and Dilthey, ad loc. Ne armentis quidem suus honor, e . No even the herdiliavetheir usual Stateliness, o dignit Oftrow, V i. e. not even the catileare a large a thOS in ther lands, o Supplied With horna Das large an imposin a Sige. Tacitus mean that the animal arestianted by the severit of the climate. his, howeVer i an error. Some of the quadruped Os ancient Germany the rus Auerochs),sor eXample, ere remari able O thei sige. The malines of the catile must have been oWinyrathe to antis care in seedin them, in protecting them isto the ordinar inclemencies of Winter anti improvin the breed by miXtureS. Propitii an irati dii negaverint, &c. Observe the quaintnes and brevit of the expreSSion. The meantia is his in Germany the preelous metal domo Oecura hether, hOWever, the want of thesebe an advantage or an evit, I leave so Other to determine. Nec tamen adfrmaverim, Q. It is no wel known that Germany abound in these eins. The sirst Was discovere in the eignis Otho I. Possessione et usu haud perinde adsciuntur. They are not affected by the possession and uSe of these in the Same an asither nationS , V i. e. the domo destre the poSSession andis of them likeother nations. e must Suppi in sense ac ali nationes aster haud perinde On perinde an proinde Whicli alter sor somo editors adopi ore , consult Zumpi, 4 282, ut more particulari m)id, ad Tursel , Ol. V. p. 45 I. Ome grammarian mali har/d perinde here an elsewhere equivalent to haud magnopere incorrectly ho ever, Since there is alWays in these Ord a latent comparison. Boottielior salis into this error in his Lexicon to Tacitus. Comparo Ruhnhen, Pr . ad cheli Leae. p. 517 e Friedem.-Roth, ad Tacit. , Agrici 10. uker, ad Liv. XXiii. 21.-Hand ad Tursel , Ol. V., P. 462. Est videre apud illos, c. ne may See among them Silver VeS-set held in no higher estimatio than hos Whicli are sorme os carth. V Literalty in no ther cheapness. V Observe here theomplo entis est in the sens os licet Zumpi, 4273, and compareth correspondita Greel usage of ἔστι Or ἔξεστι.-Quamquam pro imi ob usum commerciorum, c. Although thos in cur immediato

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sound edin thei apprehension of being cheatest With salse coin Thenotched ieces Ouid e a reventive against this, Since the had thei edges ut like the eeth of a SaW serra , by Whicli means it could e See Whether the metal Was the Same quite through, or asini plated. The piece terme bigati Were,in the other hand, Old coini pure silver than the adulterate curreno of the day. The Germans, probably ha learned to noteli the Roma mone inorde to satisf themselves that it a genuine and SO, in proceSSof time, the Roman were induced to mini denarii in that mannersor their Se Cautious, however, a the were thenseund in thelapse Os time, that the were deceived by the reliance hicli theylia place on thei favorit an rude criterion. The Roman O ger passe Ossipo them denarii os plate copper provide Withthe prope indentations and serrat of this description are stili re- maining Cardioeli, Lectures on the Coinage of the Greeks and Ro

is more conVenient so them carrying on, RS they do, a promiSCUOUS an peti tramc. ' Observe that numerus is here equivalentri numeratio, and that aster argenteorum e mUS SUppi nummorum.

Superest. Αbounds. V Literalty, is ove any ove thei actuat wanis . V Compare Hist. i. 51, 3 Agrici 45. Superare Sused in the Same SenSe.-Sicut eae genere telorum conligitur. - ΑΗ may be insorred fro the nature of their weaponMU-Frameas Theterm framea is stram LatiniZed, and the modern Germansor 'riem, 'an wl, ' appears to have Somo amniinto it. The etymolog assigne by Isidorus is absurdci ramea autem dicta, quod ferrea est: nam sicut ferramentum, sic ramea dicitur, ac proinde omnis gladius

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p. 242.)-Ad usum habili. OnVenient O USe,V i. e. mandgeable. -Prout ratio poscit. AS OccaSion requires. ' Observe that ratio is here equivalent to rei conditio, i. e. natur of the caSe,Vir ie-

Atque in immensum vibrant, c. Andiuri them to an immense distance, be inretther naked, o lightly coveredi illi aramali cloak. There sit ut be no sui storiaster vibrant the used his light dress

bilit of the bearer, and in proces of time ave Origin to the armorial ensignfiso amous in the age of chivalry. The hield of the private men ere impi colored 'hose of the chiesta in hadalso the figures of animal patrate dipon them. Athin, ad loc. Com

one is to the various evolutions and changes of the invas practico by the Roman in the training of thei stoeds. The objectwas by in o frequent heelings, O rende the orse persectly obedient to the rein . Compare Virg. Georg. iii. I91, here tho Roman modo os training is allude to . -Me. Observe that this

partici is equivalent here to ne quidem, an compare the rem 1ASos und ad Tursei , iv. p. 105. In rectum, ut uno fer deaetros agunt, c. The urge them

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t have putrio night a b d of Roman cavalry to the number of sive thouSand. -Eoque laeti proeliantur. A very graphic descriptionifthis mode fraglitin is give by Caesar. B. G. i. 48. I WBSadopto by Caesar himself at the batilem Pharsalia. B. Q iii.,

75. -Apta et congruente ad equestrem pugnam, &e. The agilit os thoi insant ieing weli adapted sor, an siti uniting With an equeS- trian conflict. V e mustae cares ut notri regar apta an congruente here a mere SynonymOus termS. The lalter, in faci, Strengthens and amplisies the significatio of the Ormer. Centeni eae singulis pagis sunt here are a hundred stommach