Jahn's Biblical archaeology

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ticulari applied to Jesus, the memorabie descendant of David, hoha been o long predicted Joli 1 41, 49 4 25. Mati. 1 1 18.16 16 Luli 4 41. In many nations it appears that there existed a sortis appellative so thei monarchs, hieli Was applied indiscriminatet to ever individual,lio satrapon the throne. Appellatives for Monarcti. 1 CEAAR, a genera nam sor in or emperor among the

2 PTOLEMY, an appellative sed in the fame a mong the

more recent EgyptianS.

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284 D231. UTIES OF TH HEBRE MONARCHS. 5 ABIMELECH the fame among the Philistines, Ps. 34 1. Gen. 20 2 26 10. comp. 1 Sam 21 12. 6 CANDACE, the sua appellatio of the Ethiopia queens, Strabo, p. 281 Dio Cassius, Lib. IV. p. 525, comp. Acts 8 27.

o Egypt is not a Some mightae induce to suppose, an appellative of this hind nor the word DARIUs, hicli is applied in a simila wayto thos o Persia The prope significationis both these ord is no other tha that of hinno monarem and this signification is itself

sufficient in account so the frequent recurrerice of these ord inconnection illi the rulers of thos nations That m assertio in

respectato DARIUS is not without solandation, ill appeari collatingsto endisti or em 3 ara fesch, hicli is the fame illi the Persian ara, ing. It is explained hoWever in Herodotus VI. 98. by the ord4oξειζς, conqueror. Compare my Introductionis the old Testament, P. II. D57 andri 66. W0 1id in poet , that hings are somelimes denominated shepherri; and ometimes indeed the hvsband of the state Thestate on the contrar is calle Sometimes the wife of the hinnSOmetimes a virgin, and Sometimes the mother of the citigens It is likewis represente asin idow, an in ome instances a childless. Hence God, lio a the in of the Hebrews, a tho uabando the state, and we find that the Hebre commonwealth, as might be expected froin the genera aspectis this angvage is representedas his spo e. Wheneuer, heres ore, he beeam idolatrOus, he was denominated to keep uina consisten is language, an adulteres Or

volve upo the persons, ho acte a generais, a judges, ardas igh-priesis, Gen. 14 18, 19. his accounts for the circumstanee, that the wor ari Signifies Otho priest, and the supreme civi magistrate, Exod. 2 16 3 1. It occurs illi his last signification, a late soli time o David, 2 Sam 8 18, comp. 1 Chron. 18 19. In respecto the Lings of the Hebrews, however, tappears that the were notis liberi to assume, o to exercise the Sacre functions 'hicli ,ere consereed pon the tribe os Levi,

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Mosaic institutions themselves recognige the existene Os a las of inferior judges, and the only trouble, that was occasione to the Lings afterWard on the subjeci, a that o selecting them an See-

in that tho fulsile their uty, 1 Chron. 23 4 26 29 et seq.

Chron. 19 5-11. It was the ut of the in to tr appeal from these judges. This, olearly Was a muchaeiter course than f he had underialien totry ali the causes himself, or even the reater par of them, 2 Sam. 15 2 et seq. 1 Sam. 17 9-19. 232. ExΤΕΝΤ OF HE ROYΑ ΡΟWΕ ΑΝ ΡREROGATIVES.It is known stat the Lings of Asia at the present da exercise themost unlimite an arbitrar power,aut his a no the state of things ancienti in ali instanees, hoWeve it might have been in ome pso th power of the Phenician and Philistine hings was restricted. Moses himself, it seems, Deut 17 14-20, imposed certain conditions pon the ings, who hould asterWard aris in Palestinen and the Mers of Israel ' a the are termed those, hosrom thei rank ad the principat anagement in the civi concern of the nation, exacte condition likewis in riting, respect- in the manner, in hiel the Ahould exercise the OVerriment, both ro David an Saul, hiel the received illi an ath sorthemselves and thei successors, 1 Sam. 10 25. 2 Sam 5 3. Omp. 1 ing 12:1-18. It may be adde in confirmationis the aut that the power of the Hebre Lings was restricted that the ead of

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A the in acie in par of vicegerent to eliovali himself, a pοint, hicli is very clearly establislied in the Mosaic Institutes,)it was his ut an his right, as a matter of OurSe, to Secure be- dience to the Law of the state, an to punish the violations of them. He accordingly, ad the power, Ot ni in SSue his commands, in the anne of the u es, but ais to enae permanent a S, 2 Chron. 19 11. Isa. 10 1. When e say that the Hebre hingshad the Ower of nactin permanent laWs, it Seem natural to Observe, that the had not the right of mahing law of the fame character illi those of the Persianaings, hicli, it appe S, ere immutat , and could never e changed Esth. 1 19. Dan 6 16. I maybe inserre from 2 Sam xiv that the Hebre hinga in Omo in- StaneeS, dispensed O their own authority, illi the inflictio os

1 11, 12 3 2 et seq. were communicate to the eopte bymeans of the genealogisis, in the Englisti versioris, osscera. J Thelaws and edicis of those, ho subsequently held the ossice of kings, Were proclaime publici by riers, Jer. 34 8, 9. Jon 3 5-7,)a clas O persons, ho occur in Daniel, 3 4. 4 29, unde tho

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concourse of eopte there SSembled that the propheis ere in the

habiti ultering thei prophecies in the temple, hic Were the ediciso God the Suprememing. In a more recent age, the learned the Saviour imself, and the Osties, tauo in the Same place, Jer. 7 2, 3. 11 6 17 19, 20.36 9 19. Jolin 10 3. Luke 2 46. Mati. 26 55. Mata 12 35. Acts 3 11 5 12. 234 ON A ROYA REVENUES.

dere to the ing, and what he could legalty require 1 Sam. 10 25. Sam 5 3. It is no precisel known to soliat the term of this Ovenant ere, but it certaini di not ive the in the liberi os ex-

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Murces of the ova Revenue. I. regenis, hicli ere ive voluntarily, 1 Sam. 10 27. 16:20. II. The produce of the roya socks, 1 Sam 21 7 8. 2 Sam. 13:23. 2 Chron. 26 10 32 28, 29. Omp. Gen. 47 6. III. The royal demesnes, vineyards, an olive gardens, hicli adbeen talien umfro a state of nature by the authorit of the wvereigra, or ere the consscate possession O criminals the weretille eitheri flaves o by conquere nations 1 ings 21 9-16. Egeh. 46 16 18 1 Chron. 27 28 2 Chron. 26 10. IV. That the Hebrews by agreement promise the payment scertain tributes appears rom 1 Sam. 17 25. Consul Gesenius onthe word ' et zm. Perhaps the were the Same illi the ulli ortentii par of their neome, hich, as may be inserred fro 1 Sam 8:15, was aid by the nation to thei Lings. The collection

appears to have been increa Sed in the eigri os Solomon and thepeopte stor his denti expresse a Wishoo have it diminishod 1Κing 12:13. Somethingippears alsorio have been pnid to the Lingas a tributo in ready money, hicli Occur unde the wor *, commoni rendered, present 2 Chron. 17 5. comp. Egeh. 45 13 18. V. ne solare os reveniae to the in Was the spolis o conquerod ranti Oras, O hose hare the mos preelous of them soli. It was in his Way lini David Polle ted the mos of his re ures.

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money, parti in noctis grain, etc. 1 ings 4 21. g. 72 10 2Chron. 27 5. VI. The tribute imposedipo merclianis, ho passe through the HebreW territories 1,ing 10 15. In Persia, Darius themidian, the Same illi Cyaxare II., Wasth srs person ho ens orce a SyStem os aination, in et, Dan 6 2, 3. Strabo, accordingly, i in an error, hen, p. 735.)on the authorit os Polycritus, he mahes Darius Hystaspes the author of this mode of raisin a revenue. It is true, hoWeVer, that the system o taxation, hici ha been lai aside so three yearsi Pseudo- Smerdis, a renewed by Darius Hystaspes, and that the amount, mised in thi Way, was increased by Xerxes Esth. 10 1.

the tosi stri, Egra 4 14, 19, 20.

235. MAGISΤRΑΤES UNDE TH MONARCHY.Judges, genealogiSis, in head os families o clans, and those Who, from the relatio the sustaine to the common clas O people, may be calle the princes of the tribes, retaine thei authorit aster,as etllas bes ore the introductionis a monarchica formis iovern-ment, an aetei the parti a legislative assembl to the respective

a disserent character imitate the example of heathen hings, and calle in to thei ai goothsayer an salse propheis, 1 Κings, 18 22.22 6 comp. Exod. 7 11 8 18. Dan. 1 20. 2 2 5 8. Jer. 22:9. III. THE SECRΕΤARY R SCRIBE ' vari, ho committe tovriting nolint the edicis an sayings of the ing, but every thingo a public nature, that relate to theatrigdom and whos businessit a like is to presen to the in in ritin an account of the

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statem assairs, 2 Sam 8 16 20 24. 1 ings 4 3. Ning 18 18, 37. 1 Chron. 18 15. 2 Chron. 32 8 Isa. 36 3. Esth. 3 12 6 1.10 2. comp. Herod. VI. 100. VII. . VIII. 90. IV. ΗΕ HIGH PRIES is to e rechone amon those, ho ad aedes to the in in the character of coungeliors, 2 Sam 8 17. Chron. 18 16 as ne ould naturali expect rom the prevalent

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l0Win passages 1 ings 22 9. Nings 8 6 9 32, 33. 20 18. 23:11. Jer. 13 23 38 7 39 16 41 16. The maid of themarem

Were considered a least he he wisheyt have them so considered)in the light of concubine to the Ling. ut the Successor to thethrone, althoughae came into possession O themarem, a nolint liberi to have an intereourse illi the member of it. Adorabali, aceordirigly, ho in his ea to obtulit Abishai a concubine os David's that ad been utouehed let sal certain unad-vised X pression relative to the Lingdom, a punishe withdeath; hau in gi ven both by the natur of the equest, Whichwn no cuStomary nni unlawsul, and by the anno in hielicit Was made, to evident indications O a seditious spirit 1 ings 2:13-l et seq. Though the Ling ad unlimite power ver thenarem, et the wis Wh Was lites in favor, and speciali themother of the ing, had n litit authorit and weight in political concertas, 1 ing 11 3. 2 Chron. 21 6 22 3. Hence in thenook of ings an Chronicies the mother of the in is very-