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CAP. XXVII. 121l est e vita sublata jucunditas. Μihi quidem Scipio, quam
quam est subito ereptuS, ViVit tamen Semperque ViVet; virtutem enim amavi illius viri quae eXStincta non est. Νec mihi soli versatur ante oculos, qui illam semper in manibus habui, sed etiam posteris erit clara et insignis. Nemo unquam animo aut spe majora suscipiet qui sibi noni illius memoriam atque imaginem proponendam putet. 103. t Equidem eX omnibus rebus quas mihi aut fortuna aut natura tribuit, nihil habeo quod cum amicitia Scipionis possim comparare. In hac mihi de re publica consenSuS, in hac rerum privatarum consilium, in eadem requies plena oblectationis fuit. Nunquam illum ne minima quidem re
offendi quod quidem senserim ; nihil audivi ex eo ipse
Iin manibus habui, J Τhis is ono of the many applications of thophraso in manibus habere ' orin manibus esse. V See De Am. 25 ; De Sen. 4. The simple notionis to havo a thing in tho handhetice immediato proximi ty to a
ining, and the lik0. Qui sibi non illiusJ Τho roadingos one ΜS. quin sibi illius,' Spons the passage, in Whicli thoemphasis is on illius.' Quod quidem senserim: At
Ieast so far as I perceived solar as Was matter of Observationto me. V Ηere tho relativo quod' has not the diroci grammatical con-nerion With an antecedent, Whicli ithas in such passages as tu non adfuisti qui . . . solitus esses ' De
Am. 2); but stili it is a liko kindos expression, for it implicitly qualisses the prodication in tho main sentenco by limiting the subject
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quod nollem. Una domus erat , idem victus isque communis ; neque solum militia Sed etiam peregrinationes ruSticatione Sque communes. 104. Nam quid ego de studiis dicam cognoscendi semper aliquid atque discendi, in quibus remoti ab oculis populi omne otiosum tempus contrivimus t Quarum rerum recordatio et memoria Si una cum illo occidisset, desiderium conjunctissimi atque amantissimi viri serre nullo modo possem. Sed nec illa
sentence, and is Of Such a natureas to bo the nominative to another verb discesserim Qui a todiscesserim' ' cannot theroforo bo
rogitas qui . . . mi conscius SisDO you a8h, you WhO are priVyto ΘV whicli Englisti expreSSion comes Dear the Latin form, but fatisto eXpress other ise than by thoorder of the words the completos ordination of the second part of the sentonee to the first. Ιf any person mill placo tho indicativo qui discussi' and quod sensi,' in these two sentences, he Wissperceive that he has got a formaland direct amrmation, whicli is ina relation to the ollior part of the Sentence, not of subordination, butos complete parity; and that is notintended. How the Romans cameto adopt this nicety of expressionis nOt Our concern to inquire ; allthat wo havo to do is to observethat they have a uso of qui' witha subjunctive, Whicli expresses a certain notion with a precisionthat We cannot express. ADOther instance of this fori is o miserum Senem qui . . . non viderit ' De Sen. 19); generalty rendered Wretched, because he has notseen to Whicli there is no objection, is it be understood thattho Latin sontenco is a different thing. Tho Latin sentenco amrms of senex' that he is miser, ' butnos of senex' generally. Theamrmation is of SeneX . . . qui non viderit, ' as it might bo of SeneX morbo gravis, ' Or the like. I limo added these to Obviate some
Soyssori refers to Cic. De ossi sui. 6) nam illud quidem absurdum
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l eXStincta Sunt alunturque potius et augentur cogitatione et i memoria; et si illis plane orbatus eSSem, magnum tamen asserret mihi aetas ipsa solatium, diutius enim jam in hoc desiderio eSSe non possum: omnia autem brevia tolerabilia i eSSe debent etiam si magna sunt. Haec habui de amicitia quae dicerem. Vos autem hortor ut ita virtutem locetis, i Sine qua amicitia esse non potest, ut ea excepta nihil amicitia praestabilius putetis.
after aluntur' is properly retianed, as Soyffert shows; for, is it were Omittod, the correspondence of tho tWO paris of the sentence Would bo impatred Or Weakened. LocetisJ Thoso who Would adopi an emendation colatis,' mi statio the meaning of LaeliuS, Who gives the sirst placo to virtus, ' and the second to amicitia.'It is as is ho had sald ut in eo loco virtutem ponatis.' 'Putetis. J Μany good ΜSS. have esse putetis,' a dactylicending, Whicli Seyssorifinds sultabis to the circumstances ; but about this thors may be a differetice of opinion, especialty as esse non potest'' occurs in this sentence.
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Q. CIcERo, the only brother of the orator, M. Tullius Cicero, Was probably born B. c. 102, and consequently WaSs Our years younger than Μarcus. He was talien to Rome with his eider brother by their fallier, and received a good education after the fashion of the times. In B. c. 79 both the brothers were at Athens. Quintus appears to have accompanted Μarcus to Asia and Rhodes, and to havereturned to Rome with him B.c. 77. He had not the fame aptitude sor oratorical and philosophical pursuits as his brother, though he had some taste for literature and sonae pretentions to be a poet and a writer of annals . He mar-ried Pomponia, the sister of T. Pomponius Atticus, his brother's intimate friend; but Quintus was of a hasty temper and so Was his Wise; and the union was not happy Cic. Ad Attic. v. 1 ; and else here). Μarcus Cicero
WRS Praetor B. C. 66, and consul B. c. 63, and in this year Quintus was elected praetor. His year of ossice Was B.c. 62. He Was after arils propraetor of the Roman province of
vince in B.c. 58, the year in Which Μarcus went into exile.
his brother Marcus had crossed the sea and was in Macedonia. Μarcus was recalled to Rome in B. C. 57. In B. C.
54 Quintus became a legatus of C. Iulius Caesar in Gallia, and he accompanted his commander in his second Britisti
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AD Q. FRATREM I. 1. 125l 3pedition v. c. 54 , and landed with him at Deal on tho
Marcus says that he does not know. The subsequent history of Quintus is not materiai sor the preSent purpOSe. He perished in the proscription with his brother B. c. 43. There a re extant three books of the letters of Μarcus touuintus. This, the first of the first book, is tess of a etter than an admonitory address. It has more of thesrharacter of Cicero's oratorical writings than of his episto- ary correspondeiice, Whicli is eaSily expla ined When we see the nature of the subjeci. The Roman province of Asia romprehended Mysia Mith the Hellespontus and Troas,
Aeolis, Ionia, Doris, Lydia, Caria, and Phrygia; a tractsuli os rich towns and a cultiva ted population. The usual residence of the governor Was Ephesiis. This letter Wasaeritten B. c. 60, in the consulShip of L. Afranius and Q. Caecilius Μetellus Celer. When any portion os a Roman writer is read, the main bject of the teacher is to explain the language; but sorthis purpose, it is necessary Sometimes to Study the matter also. From this letter Some notion may be got of the nature of the Roman provinciat administration. There is no great advantage in boys' reading Roman history in theusual way in Some Shori Shetch or oviline: they generallyget as many false notions as true Ones. Ιf the teacher Will
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126 AD Q. FRATREΜ I. 1.tahe the pains to master Weli each portion os an author that he explairis to his pupiis, his orat instruction on a subject of limited extent Will mahe more impression on the pupiis, and produce better resulis than the loose reading of the ordinary histories. With the view of helping a teacheror diligent student, Ι have added a few notes to the texi of this letter, which does not require a great amount of explanation. A hint somelimes is sum cient. I have used the notes in the Variorum editi on, and the commentary of
Ρ. Μanutius ; but there is litile in them.
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I. 1. Etsi non dubitabam quin hanc epistolam multi
nuntii, fama denique eSSet ipSa Sua celeritate Superatura, tuque ante ab aliis auditurus eSSes annum tertium acceSSisse
desiderio nostro et labori tuo ; tamen existimavi a me quoque tibi hujus molestiae nuntium perferri oportere. Νam superioribus litteris non unis sed pluribus, quum jam ab
aliis desperata res eSSet, tamen tibi ego Spem maturae decessionis asserebam ; non solum ut quam diutissime te jucunda opinione oblectarem, Sed etiam quia tanta adhibebatur et a nobis et a praetoribus contentio ut rem posse confici non dissiderem. 2. Νunc quoniam ita accidit ut neque praetoreS SutS opibuS neque noS noStro Studio quidquam proficere poSSemus, est omnino dissicile non graviter id ferre; sed tamen noStros animos maXimis in rebus et gerendis et sustinendis eXercitatos frangi et debilitari molestia non oportet. Et quoniam ea molestissime ferre homines debent quae ipSorum culpa Contracta Sunt, eSt
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quiddam in hac re mihi molestius ferendum quam tibi.
Factum est enim mea culpa, contra quam tu mecum et proficiscens et per litteraS egeras, ut priore anno non SUC- cederetur. Quod ego, dum Saluti sociorum consulo, dum impudentiae nonnullorum negotiatorum reSi Sto, dum noStram gloriam tua Virtute augeri expeto, feci non sapienter: praesertim quum id commiserim ut ille alter annus etiam tertium poSSet adducere. 3. Quod quoniam peccatum meum eSSe confiteor, eSt Sapientiae atque humanitatis tuae curare et perficere ut hoc minus Sapienter a me provisum diligentia tua corrigatur. Ac si te ipse vehementius ad omnes partes bene audiendi eXcitaris, non ut cum aliis sed ' ut tecum jam ipse certeS ; Si omnem tuam mentem, Curam, cogitationem, ad excellentem in omnibus rebus laudis cupiditatem incitaris, mihi crede, unus annus additus labori tuo multorum annorum laetitiam nobis, gloriam vero etiam posteris nostris afferet. 4. Quapropter hoc te primum rogo ne contrahaS ac demittaS animum, neve te obrui tamquam fluctu sic magnitudine negotii Smas ; contraque erigas ac resistas Sive etiam ultro occurras negotiis. Νeque enim
ejusmodi partem rei publicae geris in qua fortuna dominetur, Sed in qua plurimum ratio possit et diligentia. Quod si tibi bellum aliquod magnum et periculosum admi
nistranti prorogatum imperium Viderem, tremerem animo, Contra quani J In orelli's and
togother' is used here and in many Other cases to aci in such waythat a certain consequence lal-
UltroJ See De Sen. c. II. Prorogatum imperiumJ Pro-
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quod eodem tempore esse intelligerem etiam fortunae potestatem in nos prorogatam. 5. Νunc vero ea pars tibi rei publicae commissa est in qua aut nullam aut pereXiguam partem fortuna tenet, et quae mihi tota in tua virtute ac moderatione animi poSita esSe videatur. Nullas, ut opinor, insidias hostium, nullam praelii dimicationem, nullam defectionem sociorum, nullam inopiam stipendii aut rei fru-
used; for videor' inpresses aman's opinion Or the commonopinion. When a Roman laWyer oves a responsum,' he generalty uses the word videtur' to expressinat Wo cali the better opinion; as in Dig. 15. tit. 3. S. Ι6, and numerous other places.
Sociorum, &c. J The me ingos the term socii,' as applied tothe Italians, requires an historical explanation. Seo Smitti's Dict. of Antiq., Socii. It is here used in a disserent sense to signify the nativo inhabitants of a Roman pro- Vince. They are called genus humanissimum' because these Asiatic cities had long been the seatos an intolligent and literary people, Who cultivaled commerco and allthe sociat aris. The publicant' or
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mentariae, nullam Seditionem exercitus pertimescimus; quae persaepe Sapienti SSimis Viris acciderunt ut, quemadmodum gubernatoreS optimi vim tempestatis, sic illi fortunae impetum Superare non possent. Tibi data est summa paX, Summa tranquillitaS, ita tamen ut ea dormientem gubernatorem vel obruere, vigilantem etiam delectare possit. 6. Constat enim ea provincia primum eX eo genere Sociorum quod eSt ex hominum omni genere humanissimum : deinde ex eo genere civium, qui aut quod publicani sunt nos summa necessitudine attingunt, aut quod ita negotiantur ut locupletes sint nostri consulatus beneficiose in caumes fortunas habere arbitrantur. ΙΙ. 7. At enim inter hos ipsos exsistunt graves controversiae, multae naScuntur injuriae, magnae contentiones
consequuntur. QuaSi vero ego id putem non te aliquantum negotii sustinere. Intelligo permagnum esse negotium et maximi consilii; sed memento consilii me hoc esse negotium magis aliquanto quam fortunae putare. Quid est enim negotii continere eos quibus praesis, si te ipse contineas lId autem sit magnum et difficile ceteris, sicut est dissicillimum : tibi et fuit hoc semper facillimum et vero esse debuit, cujus natura talis est ut etiam sine doctrina videatur moderata eSSe potuiSSe ; ea autem adhibita doctrina est
passages hom the mercatores Who carried ab ut their goods. See tho use of mercatores' in Caesar's Gallic War, i. 1. These nogotiatores as Cicero here SayS, woro indet,sed to him sor suppreSS-ing the conspiracy of Catilino in
his consulfhip, and thus maintaining credit in Asia and elseWhere. The commerciat operations of Asia Were So considerable as to affectilio state of credit ut Rome, and afailuro of tho Asiatic negotiatoros'
Videatur otuisse: J This verb possum' Osten causes great dissi- culties to studenis in renderinginto Englisli, OWing to the confusion that is mado botween ii and tho use of Our auXiliary Verbs, asthey are called. But possum' is a