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quae vel vitiosissimam naturam excolere poSSIt. Tu quum pecuniae, quum Voluptati, quum omnium rerum cupiditati resistes ut facis, erit, credo, periculum ne improbum negΟ-tiatorem, paullo cupidiorem publicanum comprimere non possis. Nam Graeci quidem sic te ita viventem intuebuntur ut quendam eX annalium memoria aut etiam de caelo divinum hominem esse in provinciam delapSum putent. 8. Atque haec nunc, non ut facias sed ut te facere et fecisse gaudeas, Scribo. Praeclarum eSi enim Summo cum
imperio fuisse in Asia triennium sic ut nullum te signum,
Word of positive meming, Whicli
contains the elementary notion Os
could havor or the like, appe in En isti, they are repreSented by some forin Of possum,' and not of the verb whicli dependsupon possum.' Thus potest fieri ' means Uit is possibio, ' it could bo dono potuit fieri, V it Was possibio, V it could havo been done.V The texi may be translated, yOu, WhOse naturaldisposition is such, that any one may bellove that it could have dis- played fel Drestra int, ovon is it had received no training or discipline. VSee c. 4, videtur potuisse, ' and c. 5, fieri potuit. 'Credo, J Used in a Lind of
Sic te ita virentem-ut Ηere the word ita' has iis proper function, of referring to the modo oflise of Quintus, describsed in thepreceding Sentence ; and sic' has ut' for iis correlative. Summo cum imperioJ A S prο- praetor Quintus had the imp0rium,' as to Whicli term see tho
os Verres, the governor of Sicily. Signum' is a mork of art mado bycutting, and honce any hard materiai cui into form by the chiset, orthe graving tool. FOrcellitii saysthat it is also used to signify a Work of art that is cast; and the Word may havo obtained this ex- tonded signification. Statua' is moro limitsed in signification; and
has somelimes the particular Sense
cuniary circumstances no manys
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nulla pictura, nullum Vas, nulla Vestis, nullum mancipium, nulla forma cujusquam, nulla conditio pecuniae, quibus rebus abundat ista provincia, ab summa integritate continentiaque deduxerit. 9. Quid autem reperiri tam eximium aut tam e Xpetendum poteSi quam istam Virtutem, moderationem animi, temperantiam, non latere in tenebris neque esse abditam, sed in luce Asiae, in oculis clarissimae provinciae, atque in auribus omnium gentium ac nationum eSSepositam 8 non itineribus tuis perterreri homines t non sumptu eXhauriri l non adventu commoveri l eSSe quocunque veneris et publice et privatim maximam laetitiam, quum
urbs cuStodem non tyrannum, domus hospitem non eXHlatorem recepisse videatur lIII. 10. His autem in rebus jam te usus ipse profecto erudivit nequaquam satis esse ipsum has te habere virtutes, sed esse circumspiciendum diligenter ut in hac custodia provinciae non te unum sed omnes ministros imperii tui sociis et civibus et rei publicae praestare videare. Quamquam legatos habes eos qui ipsi per se habituri sint rationem dignitatis suae, de quibus honore et dignitate et aetate praestat Tubero, quem ego arbitror, praesertim quum
money is pecunia numerata.'Compare the expression in Horace, Carm. i. I, Attalicis conditionibus
Itineribus-perterrer/J Ursinowould alter perterreri' to proteri,' but perhaps feW persons Willbo disposed to follow him. Cicero alludes to the progresses of the
Roman gOvernors, With their trains, on whicli occasions the provincials Wore Osten called upon for contributions. When M. Cicero enteredupon his government of Cilicia, hocomplainod that his predecesSor, Appius Claudius Pulcher, had ex
Tubero is L. Aelius Tubero, Whohad a son Quintus, a jurist, andalso an historical Writer. See Mause, Vitae et Frag. Vet. Ηist. Rom. Cicero Says Os Tubero, quum scribat historiam,' sincohe is a Writer of histo ,'' and ashe mentions his Annales,' thework of Tubero Was one that Waseither noW completed, or initten
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scribat historiam, multos ex suis annalibus posse deligere quos velit et possit imitari: Allienus autem noster est quum animo et benevolentia tum Vero etiam imitatione svivendi. Νam quid ego de Gratidio dicam i quem certo oscio ita laborare de existimatione Sua ut propter amorem in nos fraternum etiam de nostra Iaboret. 11. Quaestorem habes non tuo judicio delectum sed eum quem sors dedit. Hunc oportet et Sua sponte eSSe moderatum, et tuis institutis ac praeceptis obtemperare. Quorum si quis forte esset sordidior, ferres eat us quoad per se negligeret eas leges quibus esset adstrictus; non ut ea poteState quam tu ad dignitatem permisisses ad quaestum uteretur. Νeque enim mihi sane placet, praesertim quum hi mores tantum jam ad nimiam lenitatem et ad ambitionem incubuerint,
scrutari te omnes SordeS, eXCutere unum quemque eorum ;sed quanta sit in quoque fides, tantum cuique committere. Atque inter hos, eos quos tibi comites et adjutores negotio-
present times, V as Terence SVS
The greatest dissiculty in tho
Latin, and perhaps in ali languages, is the rendering of particular WOrdsliko ambitio,' Whicli Dom a plain simple meaning, as that of going oui,' in this instance, have byusage acquired a very complex signification. Cicero Says, that tho habits of tho present dayhavo declined so much to eXCES- sive indulgetice, and to seeliing forpopularity, V &c. The notion of ambitio' will bo bost explained by referetice to the history of ambitus,' Or canvassing for the ossices at Romo, in Smitti's Dici. Os Antiq.
ambitus), by the author of this
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EPISTOLArum publicorum dedit ipsa res publica, dumtaxat finibus
iis praestabis quos ante praeScripSi. IV. 12. Quos vero aut ex domesticis convictionibus, aut ex necessariis apparitionibus tecum esse voluisti, qui quasi ex cohorte praetoris appellari solent, horum non modo facta sed etiam dicta omnia praestanda nobis Sunt. Sed habes eos tecum quos possis recte facientes facile diligere ; minus consulentes eXistimationi tuae facillime coercere ; a quibus rudis quum esses videtur potuisse tua liberalitas decipi: nam ut quisque est vir optimus, ita dinscillime esse alios improbos suspicatur: nunc Vero tertiuS hic annus habeat integritatem eandem quam SuperioreS, cautiorem etiam ac diligentiorem. 13. Sint aures tuae quae id quod audiunt existimentur audire, non in quas ficte et simulate quaestus causa insusurretur. Sit anulus tuus
technicia meaning. The comites' of a governor Were those WhO Were immodialely attachod to him in tho administration of the province. See Hor. i. Ep. viii., comiti scribaequo Neronis.' This is one of tho many ternis whicli passed Dom the republican to tho imperiat period, during tho latior part of whicli
certain high ossicors under the empire Were called comites whenco the modern count It is not out of the way to suggest to a Student, that many of tho institutions os modern Europe arose DOm thepractice of the later Roman em pire, and had their names, and somothing of their character uiso, in tho republican period. 4. Convictionibus, J See What Cicero says of the wOrd convivium, ' De Sen. c. 13. Apparitionibus' means those WhO Were apparitores and apparitores' mere those who were in attendaricoon magistratus,' to do thoir bid-ding. They were os various Linds, with various names : for inStance, a lictor' was an apparitor ;' an interpreter Was an apparitor.'
instanee, See also De Sen. 16, viatores.' Such ossicors were not
Ep. sit. 6, Quid studiosa cohors operum struit Z Sint aures, &c.J Ηere We have quae . . . eXiStimentur,' With a clause of positive amrmation, id quod audiunt ' interposod. V Letears Such as are Supposed to listonio what they hear be y0urS, not
Anulus J That is, tho soal of the governor, Which he must not
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non ut vas aliquod sed tamquam ipse tu; non minister alienae voluntatis sed testis tuae. Accensus Sit eo numerol quo eum majoreS noStri eSSe Voluerunt, qui hoc non in beneficii loco sed in laboris ac muneris non temere nisi
libertis suis deserebant; quibus illi quidem non multo secus ac Servis imperabant. Sit lictor non suae sed tuae lenitatis apparitor; majoraque praeferant fasces illi ac secures dignitatis insignia quam potestatis. Toti denique sit provinciae cognitum tibi omnium quibus praesis salutem, liberos, famam, fortunas esse cariSSimas. Denique haec opinio sit, non modo iis qui aliquid acceperint sod iis otiam qui dederint te inimicum, si id cognoveris, futurum. N eque vero quisquam dabit, quum erit hoc per Spectum, nihil per eos qui simulant se apud te multum posse abs te
solere impetrari. 14. Nec tamen haec oratio mea est ejusmodi ut te in tuos aut durum esSe nimium aut SuspicioSum Velim. Νam si quis est eorum, qui tibi biennii Spatio numquam in suspicionem avaritiae Venerit, ut ego Caesium et Chaerippum et Labeonem et audio et, quia
cognoVi, existimo, nihil est quod non et iis et si quis est alius ejusdemmodi et committi et credi rectissime putem. Sed si quis est in quo jam offenderis, de quo aliquid senseris, huic nihil credideris, nullam partem existimationis
ritor, and attended When the go- vernor sat as judge to malae proclamations in the couri, and thelike. Seo c. 4, above. Αs to deferebant,' see De A m. c. 20. Huic nihil credideris, Crodo' contains cre,' and da,' to put; honco to ontrusi a thing to a person : hoc credo tibi. ' This formos the subjunctivo as a Lind of command Or Wisti is common: huic nihil credideris, I Would nos have you to trusi such a Oneat all. V With tho socorid personof the present, it is leSS Common, and is sald to bo used in a more general or indefinito way; isto bono utare dum adsit,' &c. De Sen. c. 10. See Key'S Grammar,
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V. 15. In provincia vero ipsa, si quem es nactus qui in tuam familiaritatem penitus intrarit, qui nobis ante fuerit ignotus, huic quantum credendum sit vide; non quin possint multi esse provinciales viri boni ; sed hoc sperare licet, judicare periculosum est. Multis enim simulationum involucris tegitur et quasi velis quibusdam obtenditur uniuscujusque natura: fronS, Oculi, Vultus persaepe mentiuntur; oratio Vero SaepiSSime. Quamobrem qui poteS reperire ex eo genere hominum, qui pecuniae cupiditate adducti careantiis rebus omnibus, a quibus nos divulsi esse non poSSumuS,
te autem alienum hominem ament ex animo ac non Sui
commodi causa simulent i Μihi quidem permagnum videtur; praesertim si iidem homines privatum non sere
quemquam, PraetoreS Semper omneS amant. Quo ex
genere si quem forte tui cognosti amantiorem, fieri enim potuit, quam temporiS, hunc Vero ad tuum numerum 5. Non quin possin J As to tho
cuniae,' ' &c. refers to ex eo genere hominum, V &c. Whereia
cerely, and do not pretend affectionfor their own interest Z V But thoquestion is find whom Θ ' for allinat tho sentenco determines is a cla8s among Whom ho must look in ordor to find. Qui pecuniae,
But stili a dissiculty lios in tho qui
Cicero here admits, the possibilityos some of the id genus' having more affection sor Quintus than rogard to their own interest, it ilows that the ex eo genere ' is a class referred to provinciales), and notaclass defined by qui pecuniae.'
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libenter adscribito: sin autem id non perspicies, nullum genus erit in familiaritate caVendum magis: propterea quod et omnes Vias pecuniae norunt et omnia pecuniae causa faciunt; et quicum victuri non Sunt, ejus existimationi consulere non curant. 16. Atque etiam e Graecis ipsis diligenter cavendae sunt quaedam familiaritates, prae ter hominum perpaucorum, Si qui sunt vetere Graecia digni. Sic vero sallaces sunt permulti et leves et diuturna servitute ad nimiam assentationem eruditi. Quos ego universos adhiberi liberaliter, optimum quemque hospitio amicitiaque conjungi dico oportere: nimiae familiaritates eorum neque tam fideles Sunt, non enim audent adversari nostris voluntatibus, et vero invident non nostris solum
VI. 17. Jam qui in ejusmodi rebus in quibus vereor etiam ne durior sim cautus esse velim ac diligens, quo me animo in servis esse censes t quos quidem quum omnibus in locis tum praecipue in provinciis regere debemus. Quo de genere multa praecipi possunt; sed hoc et brevissimum
and more authoritative form; youshall, you must &c. The Other, and less authoritativo form, adscribe,' hocalis the jussive Gram- mar, 592. As to this use of adscribere, ' compare Horace, i. Ep. ix. 13, scribe tui gregis hunc et fortem crede bonumque.''E Graecis J This stlows that the provinciales' of Whom ho has
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est et facillim se teneri potest, ut ita se gerant in istis Asiaticis itineribus ut si iter Appia via faceres, neve interesse quidquam putent utrum Trallis an Formias venerint. Ac Si quis est ex servis egregie fidelis, sit in domesticis rebus et p.rivatis : quae res ad ossicium imperii tui atque ad aliquam partem rei publicae pertinebunt, de
iis rebus ne quid attingat. Μulta enim quae recte com mitti servis fidelibus possunt, tamen Sermonis et vituperationis ustandae causa committenda non sunt. 18. Sed
nescio quo pacto ad praecipiendi rationem delapsa est oratio mea, quum id mihi propositum initio non fuisset. Quid enim ei praecipiam quem ego in hoc praesertim
genere intelligam prudentia non eSSe inseriorem quam me, usu Vero etiam superiorem l Sed tamen si ad ea quae faceres auctoritas accederet mea, tibi ipsa illa putavi sore aucundiora. Quare sint haec fundamenta dignitatis tuae; tua primum integritas et continentia : deinde omnium qui tecum sunt pudor: delectus in familiaritatibus et provincialium hominum et Graecorum percautus et diligens: familiae gravis et constans disciplina. 19. Quae quum honesta sint in his privatis nostris quotidianisque rationibus, in tanto imperio, tam depravatis moribuS, tam corruptrice provincia, divina videantur necesse est. Haec institutio
referS to a praeceptum, One of thethings quae praecipi posSunt,' and is followed, according to the
in Do Αm. 16, ita amare . . . ut si aliquando esset OSuruS. V
A difficulty has been made about faceres, ' and it has been suppoSed that facias' ought to bo in iis Place; but the translation Would not bo the fame. It means theymust bellave in those progresses of yOurs in Asia, just as they Wouldhavo done is you had been traves-ling along the Appia via. V Theymust bellave When they have cometo an Asiatic toWn, Trallis, for instance, as is they had como toan Italian toWn, Formiae, sor
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atque haec disciplina potest sustinere in rebus Statuendis et
decernendis eam severitatem qua tu in iis rebus usus es ex quibus nonnullas simultates cum magna mea laetitia susceptas habemus. Νisi forte me Paconii nescio cujus hominis ne Graeci quidem ac Μysii aut Phrygis potius querHis moveri putas; aut Tuscenii hominis furiosi ac sordidi vocibus, cujus tu ex impurissimis faucibus inhonestissimam cupiditatem eripuisti Summa cum aequitate. VII. 20. Haec et cetera plena SeVeritatis, quae Sta tuisti in ista provincia, non facile sine summa integritate sustineremus. Quare Sit Summa in jure dicundo severitas, dummodo ea ne Varietur gratia, Sed conServetur aequabilis.
Sed tamen parvi refert abs te ipso jus dici aequabiliter et diligenter, nisi idem ab iis fiet quibus tu ejus muneris
aliquam partem concesseris. Ac mihi quidem videtur non Sane magna varietas esse negotiorum in administranda Asia, sed ea tota jurisdictione maxime sustineri. In qua scientiae praesertim provincialis ratio ipsa eXpedita est: constantia est adhibenda et gravitas quae resistat non solum gratiae verum etiam suspicioni. 21. Adjungenda etiam Ao Mysii aut Phrygis, &c.JSomo ΜSS. havo at others havo sod Ac' and et' foem to boosten confovi adsed in tho ΜSS. 7. In jure dicundo J Ηρ qui jus dicitV was suid to have jurisdictior to have the pomer of declaring the law. Quintus, liming the summum importum,' had conSequently the complete judicialauthori ty in the senso in Whichtho Romans understood ii, and asit is dofinod Dig. 2, fit. I, De Jurisdictione). Cicero is here referring to the conduci of Quintus in his jurisdictio ;' and tho ad vice which ho givos is that he observethe greatest striciness severitas)in the dischargo of his jurisdictio, providod this striciness is neverdeparted Dom through favour, butis maintained invariably the fame. VΙf in juro dicundo'' is translated in tho administration os justico, Vit is not exact, for the office of himwho h ad jurisdictio extended to
ther matters thau matters in disputo. For instance, certain acts Were Only valid is dono bosorohim, as manumissio and adoptio. On this matter the reader may consuli the articles Imperium and
Jurisdictio, by tho author of this noto, in Smitti's Dict. of Antiq. Ea tota, &c. J Ea tota' rofers to Asia, tho burthen of the administration of Whicli, Cicero ObServes,
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est facilitas in audiendo, lenitas in decernendo, in satisfaciendo ac disputando diligentia. His rebus nuper C. Octavius jucundissimus fuit, apud quem primus lictor quievit, tacuit accensus ; quoties quisque voluit dixit et quam voluit diu. Quibus ille rebus fortasse nimis lenis videretur, nisi haec lenitas illam severitatem tueretur. Cogebantur Sullani homines quae per vim et metum abstu-Facilitas in audiendo, &c.JHoro the qualities of a good judge
in decernendo, for this is the truoreading, not discernendo). What follows is not so clear. One SenSe of satisfacere' is to give security,'whicli is nos applicabie here. Disputando' is doubiful, and Manutius conjectures that it should bo disceptando.' Disceptator,' as Cicero orat. Ρart. c. 3) defines it, is tobo rei sententiaeque moderator.''Αgain Cicero says De Re Ρublica, v. 2 nec vero quisquam privatus erat disceptator aut arbiter litis, Sed omnia conficiebantur judiciis regiis. V Manutius explains satisfaciendo' to reser to the care Oftho judge in satisfying ali parties,
first, Whose business Wasto clear the Way- Submovere.' But perhapsthe trus reading is proximus,' of which primus' in tho ΜSS. may be merely an abbreviation. The expression proximus lictor OccurS OD an inscription; and in
5, c. 54). He Was the first lictor in rank, who held most immediate communication with the praetor. In the court of Octavius this lictor had nothing to do; the accensus, or crier, had nos to bawl out silenco and to be continuatly mining anoise under the pretence Os sup
ossicious perSOnageS. Videretur,-tueretur.J See alituo further On rideretur . . . mitigaretur.' These tenses must bo