Cato major de senectute; Laelius de amicitia;

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83 Att. 7, 3, O iucretiuS , II 77 Inmutaro' note nolle ast passage a codectionis Xample Will e Ound. Appi . . . oratio: the speech wa lino Nn to Cicero, and Wa One of the oldeS nionuments of prose composition in Latin extant in his time See Brut 6 I. Plutarch, Pyrrhus I9 give an account O APPiuS' Speech, hich laybe founde on the original; he mentions it also in his traci commonlycalled an uia sit gerenda res siιblica , c. I. I line Hi Stor o Home, Vol. I. p. 52I, Eng. ecl. doubt whether the peech, a Cic. ne it, Was committe to riti nil, Appius himself. haec ille egit: lemade his speecti'. Septemdecim anni SQ a the Se coni ait rum consul shil was in 296, and the peech in So, both thes yearsare include in the re Ciconing by a Sage ery Ommon in Latin.

Lahmeyer rongi Say ilia Sic Potnt to the oro at at haec Vegit. I may be note that sic alie the place of an objec after a cerimus cf. 77 ita crederem 78 sic mihi persuasi also I male comisanti. 1P. nihil afferunt the bring for ard nothing ', i. e. ha theybring or arsis orthless S in Greel οὐδὲν λεγειν, the oppoSi te ofwhicli is λεγειν τι. f. 8 est istaι aliqui . Similes ut Si a very rare ConStruction. Equali unustia i simile tamq/ιam si in Div. 2,I3 I. In Tusc. 4 4 and Off. I, 7 e in simi ter rit si in in a,2 and 4, 3 similiter o similis et si iii N. D. 3 8 Similiter ac si also in Liv. 3, 3, 2 dissimilia ac si in 33, 2 I idem ac si A regardsthe ut after similes, we a Compare a se passages in hicli simili ιtappear for Simul ac se Reid' n. on Academ 2, 3 I. In the Englisti Bible there are expression like simi es sit=it ι si ni dicant, the are like iis sonae men hould say'. Scandant cum is used with the subjunctive heia it expresse a Lini o comparison, and Speciali a contrast, between the content O a ea lin proposition an a subo

in his se is generali cauSe Sometime ConceSSion. - per foro : cive the decli'. ille for the omission o sedi autem a naenon adversativum Se n. on 3 librum, etc. Clavum tiller' Miththis passage Lahmeyer eli compares lia Cicero say of himself in Fam. 9, 3, 3 se febamus tu impi et Iavum tenebamus nunc autem Nix est in Sentina secus. - velocitate γ velocitas an celeritas differ

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tentia : consilio, advicen rictoritate, eight o influencea sente=Ilia, an opinion or vote formali given. - quibus: in twofold relation; with orbari, abi. of Separation, illi a Pri, o Specification. 1B. nisi forte ironical, Sed to introduce a possibie, ut absurdobjection to Something hicli a gone efore. The verbolia fol-lows is alway in the indicative. - miles etc. : a common sol die '; Se n. n O. - in Vario gener : e Se the plural in different kinds'. Cf. Acad. 2, 3 in om/rigonere besti Deiot. Is Da m=ri renere

Same idea are expreSsed, illi the Same mention o Cato' activi ty, in Off. 1, 79. - male cogitanti: whicli has no for a long timebeen toti in mi Schiei'; A. 29O, a G. 67 I, 22 H. 49 4 467 III. a. Cf. pro Sulla γε nefarie obture for the se of lae adverbiseen ono sic Cato' altitude to ard Carthage se Introd. vereri the conStruction is unus ual. Vereor regulari talces iter itan accuSative, O et Se a ClauS With ne or ut A aSSage much re-Sembling thicis Rab. Post Io omnes Iti aliq/ιid de Se verebantItr cf. at So Att. Io 4, 6 de vita sua mentere Verg. Aen. 9, o de te ni tale verebar in ali these examples the ablative illi de denotes the quarterthreaten ed not, as here, the quarte frona hicli the threat comes. -eXScisam: from exscindo OSt edd. excisam iut to age incit is urbem exscindere no excidere; . . Re p. 6 II Ab ma=Itiam

exscindes.

account in 39, 5O IO. ut thera ea hesore Cato' censorshil' a I 85no I 83, heiace Some edd. re ad titulus an Some Sextus in place of

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hastis: oosely used for pilis. The long old Roman hasta, he nee the nam hastati ha long efore Cato' time been discarde for the

tores, id est senes. Senatus implie a os ver Senire, tome rarow old, frona the stem of hi Ch both senitus an seu iror are derived. This stem again implies a tost noui or adjective se=ltis, id The Ordsenatus a collective like comitatus, a Od O CompanionS, exercitus, tra inedian etc. 2O ampliSsimum mos honorable . - ut Sunt . . . Senex the Sparta γερουσία, alit S commoni Called ConSi Ste of a members, ali veri year of age. Herodotus Se the term γεροντες senes forthis assembly Xenophon γεροντια. In the Laconi an dialec γερω1αwas it name we at So nil γεροντευειν tot a Senator . For ut ... sic ci Academ 2, 4 Similiter se cum perturbare tit illi rem publicam,

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of him se Cruttwell, Histor o Roman Literature also Sellar, Roman Poets of the Republic Ch. 3. I Ludo be read it a b et thersrom the Latin ludus Naevius entille a comed Lu Dis i froni Λυδός, Lydian. - poetae Naevius seem to have been in the habito addita poeta to his anie. It appear in the well-lcnown epitaphsaid o have been written by himself, at So in the lines rit ten againsthim by the fami ly poe of the Metelli marum abis i Letolia Naemio poetae Themaanne poeta a ne v in Naevius time and was ust dis-

placing the old Latin nam vates See utar on LUCr. I, IO2. ProVeniebant etc. the Same metre as bove divide thus by Lah

s, omen Lebant i ora i res il nous' stulta adu Vescen i tuli. The whole in has the ook of ein translate frona the Greeli:

προύβαινον εἰ τὼ βῆμα Ῥητορε καινοί τινες, χειρακι γελοῖα. r. akes provenire in the SenSe gro ut ' comparin Plin. EP. I, 3 Ima uum prinventum Acrop' sociarum annus hic attulit Sali Cat. 8, 3 pr euere ibi scriptorum a uir iumenta. - videlicet: bovisee . 21. at αλλὰ γάρ; Sed, S in 32 35, 47 65, and 68, o introducethe supposed objection o an opponent. Credo of course f. 47 here credo follo v at a here. - exerceas the subjec is theinde finite yo ' equivalent to one , τὶ s: inles one ereri Practi Seit'. o 28 nequeas 3 requiras. i. at So Plin. Ep. 8, 4, 3 i Verat tenere quae acceperis, nisi exerceas. For ille moOd See A. O9 a G. 598, 597 Rem H. O8, 5, 2).- tardior unus uali duit'; cf. Academ. Epicurus quem isti tardum putant. Themistocles fame fortis memory. - Civium fellow-Coui trymen ' perceperat ' i ad grasped maste red'. qui . . . Solitum that he ostenad dreSsed a Lysimachus Some ne hocior ali that was Aristides'. The direct objecti salutare is omitted. FO qui clametsi is ci Att.

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nierum Chii stitim vindica=lt et ut suum Orgro no) Lysimachus asthe fallier of Aristides. - Sunt Uivunt, a Osten; S in x sye vivere 54 fuit misit 6, O 69. - Sepulcra legens s Cato vas areat antiquari an Cf. 38 ri tuum. - in memoriam redeo mortuorum the geniti V a With nent i, recordari et C. For the PhraSe cf. Verr. I, 2 re ite in memor Du, iudices, quae libido istius fuerit also elow, 9 in gratiam redire cum Doli tale Here translate I refresti m memor of the eao'. quemquam Senem: the est,riter domo uSe quisquam S an adjective, hut there is nonee to alter senem into sentina a Some editor clo, since senem S a substitute for a ClauSe cum senex esset; I neve heard that anyhodybecause he a an id an ...' Sene muS be S taken in a Since ponti res etc. cannot tando adjectiveS f. n. on o adulescentulus miles. Vadimonia: thei appo intinent to alapea in o uri, thedebis due to them and the debis the owe'. When the hearingi a sui ha tot adjourned the defendant a bound ver ei ther on hisown recogniZance meret pure Or long illi Sureties vades to appea iii ourtin the da appotiate foruli nex hearing, a Sum Ormuniso moneyie in forse ite in case of hi non-appearance. The engage-men to appear a technicali calle imonium I heia the defendant entere into the engagement he was sal vadimonium promittere i he kept the engagement, . obire or sistere ii e fallei incit, . Heu rere. The plura vadimonia i here sed ecati Se a number of suitSis meant the wor constituta is hosen a a more generat term hans missa, an a referring to the circumstances of both plaint in and defendant. Stricti speal ing, it is the res id in juclge ho vadimonia constituit. On his account vadimonia constituta hould e translatedas bove appo iniments', and not Gonds' or ei a ementi to appear

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senectris honorata praesertim. Here tranStat StateSmen . in vita

. . . quieta in an nossicia and retire lides'. There is chiasinus here, Hace privatii ContraSte With honoratis and alieta illi claris. Summam Senectutem : Sophocles die at the age of O in os Η. C. quo Propter luctium froni hi devotion to this occupati On'. filiis: except Plutarch, ho probabi follows Cicero 'swor is, ali the aut horities teli the tor of the poet' et dest son Iophononly The tale is fuit os improbabilities. - rem rem famisiaremas in I. patrihus boni interdici solet: fallier are osten re- vented rom nian agita thei Property'. O the ConStructio Ci theexpression inter icere alicui aqua et igni inter Dicis here Se impersonalty illi patribus in the dat. A. 23O H. 384, 3 bonis is abi. of separation deprivation). The fragment of the XII table here referre locis thus iven in Dirksen' edition rei Duriosos aut prodicos pro fixus escit erit adc torum centUDmque gontiatumque eius tot stas esto , i. e. the agnate. male relatives hos hinShip with the furiosus is derived through males and member of his mens are to administer his property. e have preserve the fori in hicli the udgmentwa made by the praetor urbanus Paulus, Sent. 3, 4, 7ὶ quando tibi

tua bona paterna vitaque nequitia tua disperdis liberosque itos ad testatem perducis, meam rem tibi ea re commercioque interdico'. quasi desipientem ias παραφρονουντα Say the author of the anony-nio u life of Sophocles f. Xenophon, Mem. I, 2 49. - in manibus habebat: hason hand i. c. in preparation Da manibus in I has a different me aning - Acripserat he had writiei it but notfinali correcte it. - recita AS the Common verSion O the Storystates thatio the whol play a re ad ut ni the fine chorus hegin- ning ευί oro υ ξειε, τασδε χώρας. - videretur Sc esse the infinitiveis osten omitted thus iter ver b os destring thinking etta, at So verbSo speakin and earing cf. Lael. IS eam sapie=rtiam interpretantur; ib. 29 quam natam volu=rt ib. 64 homi=tes ex maxime raro enere iudicare : Acad. 2, 2 videre=Iturne ea Philonis. 23. Me Sioctum D see m. in E . Simoniden Simonides of

I Sozraten Gorgiam in on 13. - philosophorum principes: in

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the irs rank of philosopheri'. - Pythagoran ne i ther the clate fhis birili nor that of his eath an e determine i he ito uris heu' aboli 33o. He lived osti in the Gree Setti ements of lower Italy,

alter Plato, Speusippus was the rst ead of the Academi School: Xenocrates Succeede hi m. He live frona 397 to I Or I 3. Zenonem : o Citium in Cyprus, ounder of Stoici Sm boria about 357 is aid o have lived to the age of S. - Cleanthen he followed Zeno in the presidenc of the Stoic School. His age a cleat licis vari- ou Sl gi ven a 99 and S O earS. - quem vidistis: See Introd. It is ather curious that Cic. hould malae Cato Speat with admirationo Diogenes, o hom he had shown great hoStili ty. - Diogenen

colloquial Englisti mi δε name . The Latin occasionali us also hypothetical forna, ohere possim o possem tand in the apodosis ofa conditional sentence, the protasis of whicli is no expressed; ut themissin Protasi is generali eaSil Supplied and was di Stincti presen to the writer' minit. E. . ni Tusc. I, 8, have Di hoc in te non potest posset tu Tarissatinim ut tu mortuo ne intelia ei quidem potest , here the reaSon to the Change froni potest to posset is qui te evident. In translatin frona Englisti into Latin i is far aferri useth indicative. Cf. 33 possum persegrιλ A. II, c; G. 99, Rem 3;

Roman i. e. Roman citi gens belongin to the Sabine districi'. The word ex Dro Sabino forna an attributive phraSe quali tyin Romanos

iora opera arm ork of an importance'. his se of opera is continoia in Uergi P Georgics. - non the repetition of the nega-

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Cicero quotes the sanae line in Tusc. I, 3 additi ut ait Statius iu'nephebis, quid spectans nisi etiam onera saecla ad se pertinere 'Sae Io gerieration ' For Inoo o prosint See A. Ii7. G. 32;H. 497 I. Statiu noSter: iur ello v-countryman Statius ' o Arch. 22 Ennius noster Caecilius Statius bori among the Insubres, wro te Latin comedies hicli ere larget borrowed rom the Greelio Menander The original of the snephebi a Menander' Συνεφηβοι bouia CoinradeS'. See Sellar, Rom. Poet of the ep.,

P. 11 - 25. ix the pellings diis dii,hicli man recent editors Stillaeel , are probabi incorrect at ali evenis it is certain that thenominative an ablative plural o deus forme monosy Iabias, exceptoccasionali in poeti y, here ei, eis ere Sed Even these dis Alabis ornas carcely occur eiore Ovid. - et emphati a the e- ginningi a sentence aye, and '. meliu dixit. - illud: the folio ving ' Ioa b G. 292 4 H. 45O, 3. idem Em, not dem. - edepol literat ly, ah, god Pollux' e bella an interjection, dein hortened formi the vocative o deus, sol abbreviated fromPAtax. The asseveration is osti confine to comedy. The lines come homo play by Statius called Iocium πλοκιον iecklace 'i, copi e frona ne by Menander illi the sanae ille se Ribbeck's Fragmenta. The verses are iambicorimeters. A. 365 G. 754 H.

mon expreSSion nemo homo nemo vir eici, here two substanti valword are place side by Side. - viti See n. n I l. 3 praemi. Viri haere mali ci. Ter Andr. 73 ei vereor ne quid A adria adportet mali. - Sat est sat for satis in Cicero' time as old-fashion ed

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these lines, as ellis thos above occurre in a play of Statius calleclohesio se Ribbeck'. Fragmenta'. AeneCta no jSed by prose riter before the time o Silve Latin. - deputo : hi Compotin is sed by the ramatist and then oes no occur again illlate Latin times. eumpse lilce ipse and wasse for hichise n. on Lael. 47 this ori contain the encliti partici se probabi another orna o que), ound in tem e qui s-iam ita, long With SE, whicli elong to an id demonstrative pronoui Onc decline SOS, a, sum, the maSC and em of hicli are se en in , mi The form a nodoub originali estinassunt, lilce ipsona ipsum j, ut has passe into iis preSent fornacius a ipsos nona. becam ipso, then ipse. The onlydifferenc in sense e tween eumpse and the simple eum is that theforme i more emphatic. The pronoui eumpse is the subject of the infinitive sentire, ut the substantive senex, to hicli the Pronouia

IOI; at So elow, 29 Sapiente Sene S mei ther of these 'ordsis sed as an adjective here the whole e XPreSSion Sasianus, cum facti sunt senes. levior f the fragm o Callimachus γηράσκει δ' ὁ γερων κεῖνος ἐλαφρότ ερ ο ν , δν κουροι φιλόου . - Coluntur et diliguntur colere ather ina plie A the externat martis of respect cf. coli in in diligore the in ne se et in o affection. - prae Ceptis et C. is Off. I, 2, in uulis P;t in aetatis i=Iscitia senum constituenda erre Penda preti sentia est. - me . . . UCundo put for me iucundum esse quam os mihi estis tu nudi The attraction o a finite veri, into the infinitive aster quam is no uncommon; f. n. on I quihu meipsum Roby, 784, b A. 336, b, Rem m. 524 I, inus, e tobserved, oes no qualis ius V o, but iucundos. Sed here aualestis, i. e. it introduces a re turn to the subjec prope after a digreS- Sion; S in I. - videtis, Ut . . . Sit here ut se quo modo: how'. Sene Ctu . . . Cuiusque the abstraci senectus S put for senes scin 34;

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hence cuiusque, sc senis above adulescentia se adulescentes.

agens aliquid: hi phras differ ironi a I in that while the sub junctive ould expreS the fac o action, the participiat phras expresses ather the ConStant unde et 'o Ct. Dens aliquid forins a sorti attributerio senectus, parallel With operosa Moliri differs rom ere in that it implies the ringin into existence of Some objeci. Cf. Off. 3, O agere aliquid et moliri volunt Acad. 2, 22 tmo Iiatur aliquid et faciat; N. D. I, 2 imum di ni i aiunt, nihil

moliantum Mur. 82 aut et moliantur. - quid . . . aliquida forthe ellipsis in quid qui ci. n. On 22 quid ... Dcunt προμανθανουσι- learn in an on, go On earning. - ut ... videmu PUt, SAllen obser ves, io ut Solon fecit, quem PirimuS. - Solonem P See

also O. The line versibus here is an exaggeration in o it is versi-etitas is preserve by Plato in his Timaeus and by Plutarch, Sol. I

H. 35 I. otice the change to the infinitive in titi below.

misti puer Plutarch Cato a gives an account of Cato' stud of Gree in his id age. sic thi Wor cloes no quallii avide butrefer on to quasi, o that si . . . quasi cupiens thuS, viz. like ne destring '. f. n. Ono ita cupide fruebar quasi alS 3 tamquam ... sic uasi sero es o sonen the metaphor in sitim Cf. n. ii Lael. 3. - Cupiens after quasi a finite veri, cuperem Would have been more Sual, as in I, ita ... quasi divinarem f. owever 22 quasi desipie=atem. - ea ipsa mihi: for the juxtaposition o Pronouias, whicli is ather ough after in Latin cf. 7, ipsa suum MPm quae. - e Xempli pro exemplis, o exemplorum loco es n. on ses, marchum , o that thoSe editor are ron who a that we have herean example of the antecedent thrus into the relative clause, a thoughea issa grubus exemplis ere put for ea ipsa exempla quibus. quod ut cum iam se=rex esset disceret. - Socratem Cic. probabi learne liliis fac iro Plato' Menexenus 233 E and Euthydemus 27 2 C here Connus is name a the eacher of Socrates in music. In the Euthydemus Socrate say that the oys attendin Connus' lesson laughedat hi an calle Connus γεροντοδιδάσκαλον. f. alS Fam 9, 22, 3 Socraten Mibus docui nobilissimus Dicenu is Co=rnus vocitatus est Val.

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