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word cithara is notis sed by Cicero an doe not e come common in Latin prose ili long after Cicero' time, thoughi Severat times sesthe word citharoedus, citharista, hen referring to Gree professionalplayers. The wor Irrito is rare in early PrOSe it occur in Tusc. I, 4 in connection illi a Greeli, here in the Same sentence ii se is
doubis have been fel as to the genuinenes of the clause. In Tusc. 4, 3 a PaSSage of Cato is quote whicli refers to the use of the tibia among the ancient Romans immediatet after inard the antiquit os practice on the des a Rome is mentioned though no expressi onCato' authority The ord cannot be sal tot unsuite ei ther tolli person or to the occaSion. -cti SCebant . . . fidibus : the verbcauere, hici mean to play ' a wellis Sing ' must be supplied; ibus is then an ablative of the mean or instrument. There is thesam ellipsis o canere in the phrase docere sdibus Fam 9, 22, 3 and scires ibus TerenCe, Eunuchus 33 f. ROby I 2I7. P. 12. - 27. ne ... quidem theSO Wo ord together Correspondio the Gree οὐδέ ob me, δε quidem in an are best translate here by ior rathe than by tot even ' The rendering tot even ' thoughrequired by Some paSSageS, Will Often miSrepresent the Latin. locus locus like τόπos in reeli is a rhetorica term illi a technicalmean ing. The lea de is to anticipate the arguments hema finxit necessar toras in disserent CaSeS, and i to arrange them unde certain heads; ach hea is calle a τόπos o locus, mean in literalty the place where a pleade is to ook or an argument When anted. Hence
mon place'. It is osten found in Cicero 'S rhetorical ri tings. non plus quam an more than . iter the negative ne above it is impossibi e to translate noni a negative in Engli Sh though the repetition of the negative is common nough in Latin a in Some Englisti dialecis f. n. on 24 us here D. - quod est c. tibi, ,hat ou have , o Paradoxa I and 82 Grtis esse, quod rat. - agax: quisquis is generali accompani ed by the indicative, as in Verg. Aen. 2,
49 quidquid id est etc. se Roby, 697 A. O9, c; G. 246, 4 H. 476,
3. The subjunctive is here Sed, illi the imaginar SeCon perSon, to rende prominent the hypothetica an indefinite character of the
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his eadership that his native ity Croton, in Magna Graecia, attackeclari destroyed Sybaris. Maia Storie are tol l by the ancient abo ut his eat o strength see 33ὶ, and about hi Power o Consumin iood. He is sat sto have been a prominent disciple o Pythagoras. - illacrimans : e vare o spellin lacrima illi et ther for orci these pellings are ithout justification. The F eSt on the absurdassumption that he Latin borrowe their or lacrima traight romthe Greel δακρυ. - dixisse combination like dicistir Uixisse reexceedingi rare in good Latin Cicero nearly tWays Se two differ
Cato here identi fies a maia' person illi his soli an intellect thebod bella regardei a a mere ress cf. Rep. 6, 26 meus cuiusque is est quisq/ι te, iteralty out of ourSel , i. e. from ou real
nomen a PaetuS he was Consul in I98, and censor in I94 B. C. Hewas ne of the earli est and mos famous writer on Roman LaW. Hi grea Commentar on the XII table is osten referrei tot Cicero, who Severa times quote Ennius line bout hi in cordatus
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doubi tu stili'. Omnino literalty altogether' has two almost exacti opposite Se - I the hirmative, cf. 9; a the concessive, whicli, have here an ii 45. The circumstance hicli is contrasted with the admitte circumStanc is Suali introduce by sed tamen or sedata iii 43, but in Lael. 98 by the es emphati arιtem, hil in Lael.
69 there no introductor Particle. - Canorum . . . Sene Clute canoraιm impli es the combination o power illi Clearnes in a voice. For the mixture os metaphors in canorum splendescit edd. quot Soph. Phil. 89 α χυ τηλεφαν sis Cic. De Or. 2 6, UIorum facta orationem meam quasi colorari. ne SCio quo pacto D literat ly, Panowno on hat ternis' qui te intercliange able illi nescio quo modo Cf. 8a A. 34, e G. 469, Rem 2 H. 29, 5, J. - adhu non PUr-POSely ut for nondum, e cause more emphasis is thus thrown bothon the time-wor and notae negation. The common vlew that ou- dum asinuoi de beCaus it ould have implied that Cato exsected tolos the canorum i certaint wrong. - et videtis: though ou seem years'. The adversative se of et for autem o tamen after thenegative is no ver uncommon in Cicero, ut there are se exam-ples of the Sage in the spe eches. f. Lael. 26 et quidquid So Some- time quem abnve, 3 also Lael. O rit num ex at suaque omnia ius eposita iudicet. - Aeni Madvig' em sor senis Ii Leg. I, II allusion A made to lae great change hicli advancin years ha wrought in Cicero' own impassionei oratory Me a no doub thini in os that hange heia e rote the woriis es have aere. - Sermo Atyle of Speaking ' a ori os ille mean in than oratio, hicli onlydenote Publi Spe atting. - quietus et remisSus subdue and gentie'. The metal)hor in remissus whicli occurs also in Si reser tothe oosening os a tight-stretche string cf. ute=atum etc. in 3 7 ith
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n. illi the whole pasSage f. Plin. EP. 3, I, 2 nam iuvene confusa adhuc quae am et quaS Dιrbata no; indecent: ue=tibus placida omnia et ordinata conveniunt. - facit audientiam procures of itfel ahearin forcit'. In the ordSper se ipsa here is no doubi an allusion to the custom a large meet inges in anCient time Wheret, thae praeco orκῆρυξ calle on the eopleo li Sten to the PeakerS. Cf. Liv. 43, 6, aeconem audientiam facere iussit. Note that this is the ni classicalis of the or audie=atia I it has no the meaning of ur audience et ther in the ense of a bod of isteners, or S Sed in the expression to ive audience'. - CompoSita et miti S: unimpassione and sinooth ' f. Quinti l 6, 2, in affectus litur hos opacitatos,
and libo cannot practis Orato IourSeli'. videnti grιam refersto oratio in the widest sense noto the Spectat Style of Orator mentione in the las Sentence Vith si nequeas cf. nisi exerceas in Iwith n. Scipioni et Laelio a Scipio an a Laelius', i. e. yotin frientis Such Scipio an Laelius are o me'. Prae- Cipere here abSolute, praecesta da=ως usuali an accusative follo S. Studiis iuventuti the ea of youth ' udiis cloes notimpi here the deferetice of ouilicio age the strιdia meant are the virtutum studia o 26. 29. ne instruat docere is to impari nowledge, instimere literalty to round or estabiisti 'in is to forin the intellec an Characteri means of knowledge, instruere, to each the pupit ho h may bring his acquirement to ea in practica lite. - ossici munus: performance of tity' Cf. 35 72 Fam. 6, 4. In Core of aSSages in Cicero e in Dιm et munus, diat an function', a in 34. Cn. et P. Scipione : in Cic. the plurat is alWay used here tu omen of the Same fami lyrare mentione and their ames connecte byet. In the writer the plurat is regular, the Singular XCeptional asin Sall. Iug. 42 Ti. et C. Gracchus Liv. 6, 22 p. et L. Papiritis. Even illi ther notin the plurat is regular e. q. Cic. hil. 2, IOIarationes Campa=la et Leontina though a litile bove e have mera se Aprili atque uis. Se Draeger, Hi St. Synt. I , P. I. Gnaeu suorCnaeus Se n. On Lael. 3 Corneliu Scipio a ConSul in 222 B. C. and was sento Spatia a the ovibrea of the econ Punic a tocommand against Hasdrubal Publius a consul in I 8, an afterbe in deseate by Hannibal at the Ticinus, oined his rother in
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hemnae in and illed, after a rusti in deleat. - L. Aemilius: the ather of Macedonicus He a consul in I an deleate the
is peculiar, ein abbreviate from quodpuer Didii Something of the kind. Quintil. 8, 3, 3 has memini iuvenis In Rep. I, 23 Cicero
SayM memini me admodum adulescentulo. - viginti et duos thecommone order of the wordii duos et Plinii See n. On I 3 centum . . . annos. - ei SaCerdoti that acre colleges'; i. e. the pontificalcollege consistin of the pontifex maxintrι and the inferior orati es.
quid. - mihi dat for ac . to emphasige the person. ix Such course ' Cf. 82 at de me isse aliquid mire Se tu II glorier. 31. Videtisne ut here te is the equivalent of nonne, ascit osten is in the Latin o Plautus an Tereiice, an in the colloquial Latin fili classical period For I after videtis se n. On 26. Nestor e V. in Iliado 26 et seq. II 668 et seq. - tertiam aetatem : Cf. Iliad I, 25O OdySSe 3, 243. - Vera . . . se is e tot the truthabo ut himself'. - nimis to any great euent' solens cloe notcorrespondo our insolent' it is almos the equivalent of ineptias, and has no arsher meaning than odd', strange', 'in ad aste'. - melle dulcior Homer, Il. I, 249 του καὶ π γλωσσης λελιτος γλυκίων ρεεν αυδ ἡ In Or. 32 Cic. say of Xenophon wltona the Greelis called 'Aττικὴ μελιττα that his oratio a mel e Dictor. Suavitatem notice the Change rona dulcior, vini chi Seem tot madeso the mere Sahe i Vari ely, ince et sexu here De Or. 3, 6I Cicero
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greates Greeli arrior hile Achilles sul ed Ilia 2, 768ὶ Thegenitive after similis is the ut in Cicero, though many Xamples illi dative are found even illi ante O PersonS; See Madu on in .
et IIem P. 14. - nemo Cui fuerim P cf. Plaut Mercator 2, 2, 7 quamquam ne rem I St, numquam sum occupatus amico operam Eare.
33. at in in 'I, here Se n. T. Ponti Centurioni thecenturion were generali mei Ο powerful frameri f. Veget. 2, 4 centurio et Endu est, qui sit magmais viribus et procera statura Philip p. 8, 26 ce/aturiones pug Iace et lacer osses morat Sat. I, 6, 72. - moderatio: right application ' cliteralty a governing '. tantum ... nitatur Cf. 27 quidquid amas agore pro tribus also quantum possumus. -n the assirmative ne osten rongi Writtet nae onthe absurd assumption that the wori passed into Latin ironi the Greel ναί, is in Cicero alway and in the writers early tway fol-lowedi a pronoun. For the orna of the sentenc here f. Fam. 7, I, 3 ne ... nostrum I Tu SC. 3 8 ne ista et L Fin I, II salmos the Same ordSὶ.-Per tactium ove the Course'; cf. Athenaeus Io, , P. I Ei Luci an Charon, Si Quint. I, 9, 3 nil quem itum n
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assueverat ferre taurum ferebat. A to Milo Se n. n 27. For cum
sustineret a modern ould have been incline to Se a participi e whicli a perhaps voide here e cause of the lose proximit ofanother participi e in ressus. umeri this pellin is belle than humeris, hicli is no abandone by the est scholars There is nosound correspondi nito the δε in ord of the Same origin in cognate languages se Curtius, Gree Elym. I, 23 of the Eng. TranS. , and although undoubtedi as rongi attache to Some Latin ordS
there is no eviden e to how that this happene to timeret S. - ha a. e. VIonis, CorreSpondi in to 'Marorae. Pythagorae: hos enno doub hecause tradition ad Milo a Pythagorean See n. On 27. - mali i. e. si ostamnim sit cf. Plaut Miles I7o Foruli ellipsis See m. im 26. - denique in Shori'. - utare the Se conclperson of the present Subjunctive hortative is ver rare, XCel tingwhen, a here, the command is generat . ad the command been addreSSed to a particula person, Cicero ould have ritiei ne requi
2 m. 484 4 n. . dum adSit, Cum absit a both dum an cum evidenti have here a temporat enSe the subjunctive Seem due tolli influence of the ther subjunctive et clare an regrιiras. A. 342;G. 666 H. 329 II. an n. I, J. - ni Si forte See n. On 8. CurSuS for the metaphor cf. n. On 83 al So Fam 8, 13, I a letter of Coelius aetate iam sunt decursa Pro Quint. 99 acta aetas decursaque.
For certus f. below, 72 senectutis certus terminus. - aetati : here sitae See n. in Q. - eaque 'his S a common way of introducing illi emphasis a resti epithe o predicate. Osten id ite καὶ τουτοὶ occurS, the Pronoui bella then adverbiali used, an no in agreement illi the subject f. n. on 63 illius quidem also neque ea in a. Simplex life is compared to a race, in hicli ach
tivitas seasonabieness' cf. maturitate tempestiva, With n. infirmitas the contextishow thatio physicaliut intellectual ea k- nescis meant; so in Acad. ius minimo tempore aetatis Fin. 5, 43 aetas Disrma. - feroCita exultation high spirit'. iamConStanti aetati : i. e. ni id die age, the characteristic of vhici is stabilis ' Cf. 76 coinismus aetas quae media dicitur; also O; Tac. A. 6, 4 composita aetas. For iam s. Suet Galb. 4 aemu nondum
conuanti; pro Caelio P aetas iam corroborata iam Io 3, 2 aetas a m confirmata. - maturita ripeties.', i. e. of intellecti judgnient. - Suo , G. 293 RCm H. 449, 2.
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ship et ween the et de Africanus an Masinissa, in os umidia, hocin O6 B. C. passed ver ironi the Carthagini an alliance to thato the Romans He was richi re arde by Scipio, an remat nedloyal o Rome ill his eath He live to et come the ounge Scipio in Africa during the las Punic ar, an to e the ulter ruin o Carthage. See Sall. Iug. f o the expression hospes tuus avitus cs Plautus, miles a 33 paternum suom hospitem. - Cum ingreSSuSetc. i. e. protracted exercise of ne in i id not wear him. Cum ... equo though Ci C. Say in quo Perii, rase, sedere etc. the reposition here is est ut ecause a mere ablative O manne or meanS
colds and the liken cf. Tusc. 8, 9 siccitatem quae s=ISEquitur se Itinentiam in victam Catuli. 23, 2 corpora Sicciora cornu. - regi here 'exia. - officia et munera See n. o 29. - ne Sint: grant
that age has no strength . his formulam concession or argument 'ssali is frequent in Cicero, homiten attaches o it an A. 266 d;
G. Io, M. I S, III. Sene Clute Senibus rae m. n 26. legibus et instituti by statu te and precedent'. muneribu Sei etc. Chi est militar Service. - non modo . . . Sed ne quidem
When a negative follows non modo these ordes have the force of non mota non a negative bella borrowed rom the negative in the subsequent ClauSe Butiiten non modo non is ritten the negative after modo is then more emphatic bella independent. Here non modo non quod non ould have ad a harsh ound A. 49, e G. 484, 3 and Rem. I. H. 552, 2. quod indv. CC. Se n. n quid) f. Liv. 6, 3 sed vos id comendi estis. 35. at a in I, here se n. In his repi Cato adopis the fame formos that in hicli the objection is urged, at id quidem etc. Soin 68 at Senex . . . at CSt. . .
P. 15. - Commune valetudinis common to eat healthy, i. e.
to ali in a ea state of health Valetudo means in iselfiet ther good nor ad ealth; the word alie iis colorin frona the context. filiu is qui a paus must e made at Hus the sense is no that Son O Africanus ho adopted ou', but the soni Africanus I mean
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the man who adopted ou'. - quod ni ita fuisset no i this had o been o ' a phraS like riod ιm ita sit an hoc ita dici f. also 6 quod ni ita accideret Ia quod ni ita se haberet. - alterum ... civitatis illud is ut for ID, b attraction to lumen. Roby IO6S. A. 93, E G. 2o2 Rena. 5 H. 45, i. Fin a, o Epicurus, oc
animus intellec an feel in combined, ut the word are ite Veryloosely used The osten occur together in Latin Lucretius has even
oVer'. - exercitando in good Latin the veri exercitare is rare excepi in exercitatus, hicli stand a participi to exerceo, exercitus bella unused The wor feem to have been Chosen here a sui tingexercitationibus belle than exercendo ould S in 7 desideratio schoSen ather than desiderium, to correspond with theraeighbor inguiti latio. - ait sc esse I the omission illi iocis rare though common illi dico, appello etc. Se n. on 22. - Comico comic in urSense, but in comoediis, represente in comed '. o Rosc. m. 47 comicum adulescentem, A the ouia man o comed ' Thera assage of Caecilius se n. on 24 Statius is more fuit quote in Lael. 99. credulos in imost ver Latin comed there is sonae id man whoi cheate by a cunning lave. - SomniculoSae the adj. Containsa diminutive nou stem somniculo- . - petulanti WayWardiaeSS'. - non prohorum Cic. void improborum a be in to harsh;with exacti similar feel in Propertius , O, 2 sed Paley Say nec proba Pasishae sor et improba P. f. Off. 3, 36 error hominum non
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irresponsi bie uter ver his Childre an household. For a fuit discussion of the patria potestas se CoulangeS, Ancient City, h. II. Ch. 8 Maine, Ancient Law, h. 5 Hadley, Introd. to Roman Law, Chal ter Landi. - et . . . senex: thoughiothil indland old . intentum : Commoni use of animias, like the opposite remissus 28 . - tenebat eici ine patria potestas is osten denote by the word -- serium mi. De Inveni. I imperium domesticum. - vigebat etc. in him ancestrat spirit an principi e were troni'. Whil an, mrιs patrius here videnti mean the strong ill sor hicli the patrici an Claudii ere proverbial ase. r. in OSC. Ain. 46 intelle re qui animus atritis sit in aberos it indicates the feel in o a particulariather o his hildren.
P. 16. GH ita in theSe conditionS, ViZ. ...' the Clata Se with si belli an explanationi ita Thi CorreSponde Iace of ita . . . Si is common in Cicero se n. nos ita . . . quasi Here translate age
Cic. Phil. 2, P Te=aditum atque emancipatum tribu=zatum. Senile aliquid . . . aliquid adulescenti chiasinu S For the sense f. 33 ferocitas iuventim . . . senectutis maturitas. - quod qui sequitur and he who trives alter this', i. e. to combine the Piriues O age an dyouth f. Aesch. Sept. 22 γεροντα τι νουν σάρκα δ' )βῶσαν φυει.