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whether the clienti defen tanti plaintiis. Socii Lael. 96 an osten.
phras is elliptic in ut it Nould e crina max e conscio oration , nunc conscio', ,henes OS o ali OmPOS Spe echeS, I no CompoSethem ' i. e. the time when IMOS of ali compos i now'. The wordscum maxime generali tollo tum or tam an ad emphasis to those Woros, ut are Some time used alone to expres the deas then ' and now more emphaticali than tum an nimc ould. f. Ver. 4, 82; Tac Ann. 4, 27 The orator were in the habitis Workingive their speeches caretuli for publication an preServation. - ius augurium etc. thecia pertaining to the augur an pontifices ' i. e. the principies applied by them in the performance of their uties. The pontifices ad the generat versight o religious observances See Dict of Antiq. - Civile the meaning o ius civile varie accordingto the context. Here it is the Secular a a oppose to the acredlaw, as in o sometimescit S the whol hod o Roman a as op- pose to the law of the states osten, again, it is the olde portiono the Roman a a oppose to the newer equi ty portion. commemoro Sa overo mySeli'. In Cicero commemor is aver of speaking, an neve ha the mean ingi recoris o memini.
heiace frequens senatus and the like phrase S. Thela frequens Comesto e sed of Ctions o event that osten recur; . . Orat. I D mosthenes frequens Platonis auditor De r. I, 243 frequens te an sivi. On the se of the adj. here See A. I9I G. 324, Rem 6 H. 443. - ultro unasked', ii Hown motion , a referetice to the well-known stor that, haleVer Subject wac discussed, Cato gave ashis opinion delenda est Cari a See Introd. - tueor advocate', Suppori'. - lectulus couch usuali stoo in the Roman study on hicli the Student reclined hi te reacling, composing
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or dictaling, or even writing. i. De Or. 3, 7, in eam execram Peuisse in Ita Crassus lectulo posito recubuisset, cumque eum in cogitatione de um erae sensisset, Statim recenisse ... Suet. Ug.
78 lecticula luctibratoria. - ei ipSa Cogitantem de eis ipsis
acta vita the life I have led ' cf. 62 honeste acta superior aetas I SOTUSC. I, IO9 Eam 4, 3, 4. - Viventi, dative os reference A. 235 G. 354 H. 384 4 n. A regard one ho lives mi these
the alliteration is like mentes ementis in I 6, here Se n. Sensim mus have meant at ne time percepti bly', then inlycius percep- tibi ' the graduall ' and almos 'impercepti bly'. 39. quod . . . dicunt: no Stricti logical, ein Put forsato careat, ut dicunt. In caSes like this the veri, o sayinit usuali in the subjunctive. f. Roby I746 A. 34I, Rem. G. 4I, Rem 2 H. I 6 II. I.
The indicative here is more vivid and forci ble. - munu . . . aufert: to a that a gift ob one o anythiniis of OUrSe an o mctron f. n.
id quod est eici: the greatest aut of ouili' i. e. the love fpleas ure. In thi passage Pomptas inclicate Pleas ure of a Sensuali in i iis ruinar sense, delectatio, oblectatio etc. eing sed of thehigher pleasure S. In I, o ever, e have Polustate agricolarum. - accipite hear' so dare osten mean to teli' ithi accipere in this sense es the Simila use of αποδεχεσθαι. - Archytam Archytas the subjec o Horace 'S ell-known de I, 28 wa a ContemPωrar and friendi Plato, and a follower of the Pythagorean philosophy. He rote philosophicat works, and was also amou as a mathematicia an astronomer hesides heing the leadin statesmaia an generalo the commonwealth, Tarentum For another Sayin o Archytas, cf. Lael. 88. - tradita est: Mas imparte to me', i. e. by or ofmΟUth. - Cum ... Tarenti: When a a oung man staye at Tarentum For adulescens f. n. on 26 senes. - nullam . . . PeStem etc. Cf. Lael. 34 sestem . . . cupiditatem I ff. 2 9 consuetudo ... honestatem ab utilitate secernens, qua nulla pernicies maior ominum
vitae potuit asserri. - Capitaliorem mores dead ly caput asotte equi Valent to vita, o that capitalis comes o mean affecting thelife . P. 17. -- hin etc. cf. Cic. Hortensius fragm. quod turre damnum, quod dedecus est quod non evocetur atque eliciatur et Iustate Ob
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Serve the singula satriae follo ed by the plural errιm publicari ni the pluralis patria i rare On the significance of thi passage see Lechy, His t. o Europe an Moral S, I P. II, . Am. d.).-Cum hostibus etc. attributive phraSe cf. Phil. 2, 27 colloquia cum acerrimis hostibus. - scelus: his ord ooks hieti to the criminal intention, hether obe carried into action Ormot malum, facinus to the complete dirime; agitium is in ather than Crime. Facinus in senseis osten ather narrowe and lighter than SceluS. Cf. Verr. 5, 7 facinus est vincire mem Romanum, Scelus Perberare, prope parricidirinanecare. - impelleret: sc hominer So nos i omitte after iubebarbelow.- excitari: stirre u9'. In 3 and Io have the veri, --eitare for the differenc be tween the w Veri, cf. u. r. I, I, 45
haec non eo diciantiar, ut te oratis mei dormie=at Em excitasse, sed potius ait tirrentem incita SSE Uideatur. - homini. . . decliSSet cf. Acad. I, 7 nec ullaim arbitror maius aut melius a dis artim munus homini. otice homini man ' in the Same sense a hominibus, above. - muneri a dono the two ord mu=rus an Hon m areosten found together the differetice in meaninii hardi percepti ble. Donum impli es the facti giving, munus the generoSit of the giver.
non habebat. - fingere animo imagine'. - tanta . . . quanta . . . maXima the reateSt that ould possibi be enjoyessi'. The formi expression is common, e. q. Lael. 74 apri qua ita maxima
potest esse distantia. - tam diu dum thicis no exacti equivalentio the ordinar tam diu quam, but there is ellipSi - so long as his, mean hile etc.' f. Cat. 3, I tam diu, dum urbis moe=ribus co=rti rebatur ff. I, tum diu . . . fusaE . . . mente . . . ratione. . .
cogitation by thought, y reasoning b imagination iratio like διανοι ha osten the ense of imagination '. The lose juxtaposition o worus early Synonymo us is qui te characteristic o Cicero 's at in quidem ConceSSive a. in 32 and osten. - maior atque longior ver intense an protracted'. Superlatives mighthave been expected in te of qua ita percipi posset maxima ab Ve. Lovus in the ense of long-continued is rare in Ciceronian Latini
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tincti referring to time. For the generat driit of the passage cf. Cic.
Hortensius fragment con uere cum coxitatione VIIa voluptas corporis non potest qui enim, cum utatur voluptate ea qua nulla possit maior ne attendere animum inire rationes, comitare niuiuo qui quam potest' animi lumenta a Common metaphor; e. . Cic. ROP. 6, 2 tu, Africane, ostendas oportebit patriae Innaen animi a i f. 36 haec . . . exstin uuntur; at So belΟW, 42 menti oculoS. - C. Ponti : C. Pontius Herennius, the ather O C. Pontius Telesinus ho deleate the Romans at the Caudine Forti during the econi Samnite ar in a In C. The ather is Severa time mentioned by iv 9, c. I ando; cf. speciali I, C. Pontium patre long prudentissimo natum. Nearchus mentione d by Plutarch, Cato , a a Pythagorean and frien o Cato. - perman Serat: i. e. during the lege of Tarentum. interfuiSSet no in CCorda iace illi English dioin cf. n. o 4 putassent also 44 devicerat. - Plato eici although Plato made two ourneyso Ital an Sicil or a Some authoritie Say, three it is carcel lihely that he was preSent a Tarentum in the earmentione d 349 B. Q two ear before his de ath, heia he was os ad-vance age. The latest date assigne by ther authorities for Plato'stast visit to the est is 36 C. - reperi in annalibus Soin 3; Cf. videmus ii 26. ga efficeret efficeret, liberet, and oporteret Carii properi rendere linto Engli Ah onl by the present ense. Although these veri, expreSA circumStances hi Ch continue Since the enera effect of id age isbein described the are thrown into the past to fuit the past tense dicebam o dixi hicli, though no expressed is reatly the principalveri, f. below 62, 78. Consilium deliberation . P. 18. - ut ita dicam this ostens the metaphor, as quasi or quasi qui am osten oeS, and a ο ν, σπερ clo in reeli but not s etros εἰπεῖν, hicli is osten rongi Sal to e the equivalent of ut ita Dcam See n. on Lael. J. The Phras mentis o a=rimi aciem praestringere osten occurs ithou anythinito osten the metaphor; . . in. 4, 37. - ne habet etc. and has no relations illi virtve Theus o commercium in the metaphorical SenSe is common. - invitu Se res o 38 frequens. - fe Ci ut a periphraSi no unusual. A. 332, e G. 337 m. 498, II. n. 2. - T. Flaminini: Se n. no, l. I. - L. Flamininum a praetor he commanded the fleet under his rother Titus uringolae Macedonian war in I92 B. C. O WASconsul. Sestem a=z3tis denote Seven complete ear scf. n. I9J, S
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Cato a censor in I 84. A referen C to Liv 39, 3, 2 ili ho that Cicero borrows his account of Flamininus crime froni the old annalist Valerius Antias. Liv also quote 39, 2, 7 an account O the mattergiveni Cato himself in a speech, hicli is even more disgraceiul to
used os degradation or diffranchisemen inflicted by the censors. Forthe pellita Se Roby, 44, 2 A IO, E M. 36, 4 and foOt-note . fuisset for the ood See A. 342 G. 666 U. 29, Π andi. I, IJ forthe ense Se Roby, 49I A. 324, a G. 233, 2 H. 47I, 4. Cum ... Gallia not when he was consul in aut but when e was in Gaul clurin his consul shi 9'. Caιn With the imperfeci or luperfectsubjunctive osten has a Sense differing very litti froni that os crιmwith the imperfecti pili perfeci indicative. o doubi hen the usage originali arose, the ClauSe illi cum a regarde a e XpresSing the cause of the action or event denotet by the principa verti here thepresen et F. in Gaul might be regarde Mas a cause of the crime Itis more than doubliui however, hether in actualis the subjunctive in these phrase continue to carr With it o Latin reader an idea o cause See Roby, 72o, Kennedy, II; at So A. 25, 323 an foΟυ
Flaccos L. Valerius Flaccus a the life-long frien o Cato, an his colleague in the consul Shil an in the censorshil He entiret favore Cato' political vie KA See Introd. - imperi edecus Flamininus as a the time Roman governor of the districi. 43. audivi e Cic. Ses audire ex ab an de aliquo, almos indi ferently. - porro in turn ' literalty fartherin , here fartherback cs Liv 27, 3I. - C. Fabricium : See n. o IS. - Cinea the amolis diplomatist minister o Pyrrhus He was a pupil of Demosthenes nil himself ne of the mos famous orator of his time. Cineas a the ambassa lor lio trie to negotiate Peacein the CCasion mentionei in I 6. Se Sapientem profiteretur the omissiono esse is common in Sucla PhraseS; . . in . 3, 3 Strato phrsicum se
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had borne the ille had waite for the public lo confer itin them Fin.
- ad . . . referenda : iugii tote udged by the standar of pleas ure', i. e. anything hich bring pleaSure a be regarde a good, and iis opposite ad So in Greeli παναφέρειν τὶ εἴ τι On themorat ea hings of Epicurus consul Leller StoicS, EpicureanS, and
morale d 'Epicure et se rapportS Vec te doctrine Contemporat ne S.
cteretur intranSitive veri, are Sed in the passive ni impersonalty ROby, 422 A. 23O G I99, Rem I H. OI, IJ when O Sed the dative a folio vos in the active See advig, 244 b G. OS; H. 384, 3. A neuter pronoun in the Singula Sometimes, a here, CCom Pante the paSSive and may be regarde a an adverbial accusative ireSPecti eXtent, or a a nominative quali sying the impersonat subjeci. The forme is probabi the real construction f. Roby I423, and Madvig, 229, 3, 'bs. I. - Samnitibus ohen in alliance illi PyrrhUS. ViXerat . . . Cum noto b taken iterati of iving in the Same ouSe the phraSe meret indicates close friendship. In Acad. 2, II Cic. rite Diodoto qui mecum vivit tot annos, qui habita apud me Clearly Showing that the Phrases vivere cum aliquo and habitare sudaliquem remo equivalent. - P. Decio : thici P. Decius Mus, hoat the batile of Sentinum 1 29 gave hi life a a propitiator osse ringto the power of the unseen orid, in orde to bring victor to the Roman arnis. His ather ad sacrificed himself in the Same a at thebatile of Veseris clos to Vesuvius in o fought against the Latins an Campanians. devoverat Liv. Io, 28, ID Speech o Decius)datum hoc nostro Generi est ri Dιe Idissericulis sit licis iacula sinatis: iam evo mecum hostium ex iones mactandas Telluri et in an Lbrι dabo. aliquid eici: sonae principie' in his philosophi calwork Cicero osten confound the Epicurean by quotin the actio of the Decii an other like it, solio in that leasure i no the endo existence. f. speciali Fin. 2 6 P. Decius cum se devoverat et equo admisso in mediam aciem Latinorum irruebat, aliquid de Pomptat, lus suis cogitabat f. also below, 75 Vith regar to natura Se n.
On . Sua sponte for it own ake'; in iis own account 'Cf. Leg. I, 45 vera et falsa sua Sponte non aliena iudicantur, here a se line late sua natura occur a equi Valentri Sua Sponte eX
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peteretur em for feteretur in the MSS. The word expetere e stendum are technicatly Sed in Cicero' philosophica works to expressthe Gree αἱρεῖσθαι, αἱρετον a applied to the sim o τελος the Supremeaim o morat action. Fulchraιna bove is a translation os the Greekκαλόν, a term ConStanti applied to the τελos, particulari by the Stoics. spreta et Contempta the rs wor i much the stronge of
to mali light os', 'hol o no account'. Contemnere is Often nostronge in sense than omittere, a PaS by neglect'. f. 63 contemni, despici. - optimus quiSque : See A. 93, c; G. OS; H. 458 I. P. 19. - ΑΦ cruditate indigestion'. insomniis Sleel, tessiaeSS'; the Singula insomnium occur in ly on C in irOSe Tac. Ann. II, somnia, e .found ni in Poetr an late proSe. divine : his ord in Cic. Osten means noth in more than splendidiy', extraordinari ly'. - SCam malorum an inticement to evit ' esca e fca, rom the oot of edoὶ Plato in the Timaeus 69 D a dialogue translate into Latin' Cicero, a fragmen o whos tranStationis stili preServe d lia ηδονηνυχεγιστον κακου δελεαρ. Cf. alSo i C. Hortensius r. 76 ed. Halm votas atra corporis quae vere et graviur a Platone dictae sunt illecebrae esse atque escae malorum. - modiCi :for the salie o variet Cic. hoose this, no moderatis, a the oppoSi te os immoderatis Trans . a moderate amo unt of goodfellowShil' '. M. F. - Marci Uium. - deviCerat: Thi perfeci here a modernwould incline to se a perfeci. The batile referressito is that o Mylae, fough in 26o it memor was perpetuate hy the deci in os tumef-rum illi the rostra of the captured hi ps the columna rostrata orea long inscription a restorei versionis,hicli stili existS. Cena: Sotest pelt Sonae good exis stili print caena, ut coena is decided lywrong, be in based on the fiction that the Latin horrowed the Greekwor κοιν si an turne it into coena. - cereo funali the torch-light ' cereo the m. of Ommsen or crebro the funale as a torch
pitch or Oil. - Sibi . . . Sum pSerat Cic. Seem to thini that Duillius assume these honor On hi own authori ty. his a prohahlyno the case the were moS likel conferre Mon himi a vote of the comitia tributa. f. Liv epit. 7 C. Duil us primus omnium Romanorum ducum navalis Pictoriae duxit triumphum, ob quam causam ei serpetuus quoque honos habitus eri, ut revertenti a cena tibicine canent funale fraeferretur No the instanc is known here these particu
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la distinctions ere decreed the eares parallel ies in the right accorde to Paulus Macedonicus an to Pompeius to ea the triumphal tota ficta orife on acti occasion of the Indi. I may be conjecture that the music and the torch were par of the eremon onthe evening of a triumph when the triIιυ hator as Scorte home. Cf. Floria I, IS, IO, ed. Halm. - nullo exemplo withou any Precedent'. - priVatu : an PerSOn S ri tus hocis no actuali 3 in ossice at the momen referre io, hether he has te a public life ornot. - licentia : a Strong or is Sed to mar the ei nousnesso Duillius supposed offence against ancestral CuStom. 45. alio : Sc. nomino. - primum the correspondita deinde is omitted a miten. - Sodali the So. Diates or Sodalitia brother-hood for the perpetuationi certa in rite accompani et witia easting, vere immemorial institutions a Rome. The clauseos alitates ... a
certis must noti taken to mean that Cicero supposed these brother-hood to have been irs instituted in the time o Cato it is lilyintroduce toralio that Cato, o a frona belli averse o good living, assiste ossiciali in the estabiistimenti ne clubs Most of the sin alitates per closely Connected with the fors ali member os amens were sodales and me together o Leep up the old sacra, but in historica times fictilious hinshil largel too the place of eat insilip and seastin becam almos the sole alson 'eire of these Clutis. See Mommsen' treatis De colis iis et sodaliciis Romanis J The parallelof the London Cit Companies re adit suggest itself. The nationalso alitates o prieSthood Suchos hos of the Sodales Titii, Luperci,
Aurinale etc. ere Somewhat different. - autem : for the formis
the parenthesis f. 7. Magnae Matri the mage of Cybele was brought to Rome in o CB. Q rom Pessinu in Phr3 Aia. Se Liv. 29, IO. The Sacra are called Ida a from ount Ida in Phrygia, hi chwa a great centre of the worshipi Cybele. Acceptis, Sc in civitatem the worshi of Strange od was in principi illegat a Rome uiatessexpressi authorige by the State. - igitur the construction fili sentenc is roken by the introductionis the parenthesis an a fresi stari is made illi epulabar stitur L itur is osten thus used likeour Mel then', o pic up the broken threadi a sentence ostens is ergio. - fervor, cf. Hor. d. I, I 6, 22 me useque pectoris temptavit in dulci δειventa fervor. - aetatis, qua Trogrediente belongin to that time of life bullas life adu ances'. The wor aetas has reatly two senses here in the first place tris bona aetas o iuve=rtus
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Thoseianquet whichiegan earlin in orde that they might ast longwere naturali in bad repute, o that the phras tempestiet m comuviatmosten has almos the ense of a debaucti'. Thus in Att. 9, I, 3 Cicero describes himself a bella evi spolieni in tempesImi conviviis, i. e. in dissolute Societ y. f. Pro Arch. 3. The customary in nertiour a Rome was albo ut three 'cloch in the sternoon The ordu estivus, hicli in means in the right time', here means before the right time' in Englisti 'in good time osten means tota early ' See Becker' Gallias, p. 45 et seq. - qui pauci the Substitutio of the nominative of the relative so the partiti ve genitive
auxit, nstulit, the relative clause bella attributive though the might fairly have been expecte here to e causal G. 627 m. 17 2. In this passage Cic. imitates Plato, Rep. 328 D. - hellum indicere: Common in the metaphorical sense; . . De Or. 2, 5 miror cur tri, Iosophiae prope bellum indixeris Hor Sat. I, 3 7 Dentri DIdico ritam.
ure This A the Peripateti notion of the mean, o hicli Cicor ostengi Ve expreSSion, a below, 7 also in Acad. I, 9 2, 39 and in De
OK. Somor Sat. I. I, Io, sunt certi denique fines quos ultra citrassat nequit consistere rectum ς f. d. 2 IO. - non intellego ne : O thenegative Cf. n. O 24, 27.
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M omnisen hows in his orc de commis that ea hine of the wex itior sodalicia annuali appotia ted a na ister ce=rarum hos cluty t asto atten to the cluh-dinners durin his ear of ossice an no doub topresiderat them That soni ossice is meant more important than thato the artifer bibe=idi appotiate for a particular eas is hown by the word a maioribIιs institiua It is carcel likel that Cicero a ignorant of the Gree originti the customi appotiatin an arbiter bibe=rdi. - et i sermo etc. : and the in os tal in hicli following the fashion o our ather W engage, beginning at the uppe table, a thecumgoe round . The uincirculate frona et to right not as illius, rom right to est. The gueSt at a Roman cliniae reclinest on three couches, place at three tables; tw of the ouches lecti Were amaliel, and the third was a right an gles to the the two. The lectus
2, 26. minuta : See n. on 2. - rorantia : here illi an active
sense, 'besprinkling ' repreSentin ἐπιήλεκα ζειν in Xenophon; ostenhowe ver no different in ense rom roscida - refrigeratio ... hibernu SQ cf. CloSel 57 ubi et seq. Ote the Change of expreSSion in passing rona refrigoratio to sol apricatio ould have more exactly corresponde&with refrigoratio an froni aesta e to hiber=ius for hieme . in Sabinis when illi the Sabines', ho ere celebrate forthei simplicit os life Cato had an estate in the Sabine districi.
47. at S in I, here se n. - quasi titillatio the quirsi, Sosten in Cicero 'sori tings, marks a translation froni the Greeh. Hereth Epicurean or γαργαλισμιός is referre to it is osten in ita represente by tisinatio: cf. N. D. I, II 3; in I, 9 TUSC. 3, 47. bene oc dixit. - affecto aetate : Wrought on by age'. f. Deor. I, 2oo in eius infirmissima valetudine inclaque iam aetate. uteretum etc. whetherae stili took leasure in love ' uti rui