Cato major de senectute; Laelius de amicitia;

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XXIII. 8; DD SENECTUTE. 33

Car enim non ad eo Solunt Viros, de quibus ante dixi, verum etiam ad Catonem meum, quo nem Vir melior natu eSt, nemo Pietate praeStantior, Uita a me Corpus est Crematum, quo Contra deCui ab illo meum, animus Vero non me deSeren Sed reSpectanS, in ea profeCto loca discessit quo mihi ipsi cernebat SS Veniendum. Quem ego meum Casum fortiter ferre Vi SUS Um, non quo nequo animo ferrem, Sed me ipse ConSolabar Xistiman non

longinquum inter nos digressum et disCessum fore. His ita rebus, Scipio, id enim te cum Laelio admi 85rari solere dixisti, levis S Senectus, ne Solum non molesta, Sed etiam iucunda. Quod Si in hoc erro, qui animos hominum immortalis esse Credam, libenter errone mihi hun errorem, quo delector, Um Vi UO, CXtor queri Volo; sin mortuus, ut quidam minuti philosophi CenSent, nihil sentiam, non vereor ne hun errorem meum philosophi mortui irrideant. Quod si non sumus immortale futuri, tamen exstingui homini Suo tempore optabile est. Nam habet natura, ut aliarum OmniUm rerum, Si vivendi modum Senectus autem aetati est peractio tamquam fabulae, Cuius defetigationem fugere debemus, praesertim adiuncta Satietate. Haec habui de senectute quae dicerem, ad quam utinam Ueniati S ut ea, quae e me audiStis, re experti probare possitis l

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CATO MAIOR DE SENECTUTE CATO ME ELDERO OL AGE). CATO LIAIOR was probabi intende byCicero a the principat ille. He twice ives the work hisname, in Laelius 4 and Att. 4, 2I I. In the forme paSSageli add the descriptive ordA, addressedo Atticus, qui est scriptus ad te e senec ure. In a thir notice. De Div. 2, 3 hegives the description rei thout the ille, Mesr is quem ad noS- Irum IIDun He Senectute misimus. It is likel that Cicero intende the essa to e nown a the CATO MAIOR DE SENECTUTE, the fuit ille Correspondin with LAELIUS DE AMICITIA. The wor maior a necessar to distinguisti the bookDom Cicero' eu log of the ounge Cato Uticensis), hicli Seem to have gone by the nam o CATO simply.

P. 1. - 1. O Tite etc. the line are a quotation frona the νυraleso Q. Ennius bori a Rudiae in Calabria 239 B in clied 69j, an epic poena in hexameter verse the rst great Latin poena in that metre, celebratin the achi evenient of the Roman nation froni the time os Aenea to the poet' own Jays. The incident allude to in Ennius 'verses is evidently the Same a that narrated by i V 32, C. , IO. Titus Quinctius Flamininus, ho commande in I984. C. the Romanarm opposed to Philip o Macedon, ound the in Strongi post edon the mount alia be tween Epirus an Thessaly. For fori days Flamininus lingered, opin to findiso me path hicli ould give him acceS to the enena y' quarters. A shepher who ne every ook of the ountain came besore the generat, an promise torie ad the Roman Sol dier to ille ground above hilip 's camp. his as One and

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Flamininus drove the Macedonians into Thessaly It is the hepherdwho in the tres line audi esse Flamininus by his fir est nam Titus. Cicero here leveri applies the line to his life-lon frieni Titus

coquere occur in poeir an late PrOS: Cf. Plaut. Trin. 25 Pomet me coquo et macero et de Ilo I Verg. Aen. 7, 34 quam . . femiuesae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant Quint. 2, IO, P Sollicitudo oratorem macerat est coquit. - VerSat: e have here the original quantit of the Owel Pi CServed a in ponebῖ below, O the a in versat was

originali a long a the a in versG. Plautus a Some parallel tothis Cannini se Corssen, Aussprache II - 488), ut it is raret imitate by poets of the est period Horace, hora ever has arcti, des 3, 6, 26 A. 375 g , 5 H. 58O III. . . praemi the genitive in si roria nouias in tum ni began to come into se at the nil of the Republic A. O b G. 29, Rem G H. I, 3. -iSdem Ciceroma have ritiei isdem or eisdem two syllabies , but he probabi didnot write the forna mos commoni found nixa textS, iis em H. P. 74.fOOt-note . - Flamininum T. Quinctius Flamininus sirs serve lagainst Hannibal cluring the econ Puni War. He a present atthe capture o Tarentum in o B. , an in o was militar tribune unde Marcellus. Alter e in employed on minor usines of Atate, he hecam quaestor in I99, and immediatel aster his ear of office, consul, assing ver the aediles hi se and praetorshil , and attaining the Consul Shil a the extraordinarii early age of o. In I97 he won the

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great victor o Cynoscephalae ver the acedonians, hicli ended the war. At the Isthmian game in the pring of I96 Flamininus madehis amous proclamation os re edom to ali the Greelis. He returnedi Rome in I94 to enjo a splendi triumph. For the res of his life he was employed hi est on diplomati busines concerning Greeceand the East. ne of his embasSies a to Prusias, Ling o Bithynia, to cal on imo surrende Hannibal, ho was living at his cour in advance old age this e to Hannibal ' sulcide. Flamininus aScensor in I 89 Se below, ain, and livedin tit Some time after I 67, in whicli ea he ecam augur but the clate of hi death is unknown. He was a man o brilliant abilit both a generat antas diplomat, andalso possesse much culture and wa a great admirer o Gree literature. - ille vir etc. i. e. the hepher mentione in n. o lineo .Liv 32, II, say ilia Flamininu Sen to the master of the hepherd, Charopus, an Epirote prince, to Si ho far e might e truste d. Charopus replied illa Flamininus mi glaturus him, butra ad belle Lee p

in both verse an prose. f. pro Caelio 7 hominem sine re Cumis literalty attende by' i is almos Superfluous here, since vir haud magna re ould have ad jus the Same mean ing advig, Grani. 258 has simila examples. - plenus, finalis a S ligliti pronounce that the olde poets fel justi fie in neglectiniit in their Scanning It was probabi Scarcet pronounce at ali by the esseducate Romans, since it is osten holi omitte in inscriptions and has been lost in modern Italian. Cicero, Orator 6 I say that the 'neglecto pronounc finalo is sonaewhat boori Sh subrusticum , though formeri thought ver re fine cl' solitius). Even Lucretius somelimes disregarit it in his canning. In the ordinar literaryLatino large number of ordes has os an original e. ζ ali thenouiis of the a deciension A. 373, a G. 22. H. 6O8, I n. 3. fidei this formis the genitive os escis found also in Plautus Aulularia 573, an LucretiuS , IO2. Fidei a genitive Seem on lyrio occuri late poets, but a dative it is found in a fragmenti Ennius Fideas genitive occurs in Horace and Ovid. H. 583 III. I; Roby, 357, c .

abi has not quote the line as Ennius roterit. The word sic a leaSt, is evidenti inserte o purpos to correspond with ut efore Iam

uinum. - nocte Sque die Sque the Se Os que ... que sor et . . . et is

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at mos entiret poetical, Sallust be in the ni prose riter of the bestperiod in hos Works the Sage is beyondio ubi Noctes is ut be fore dies here, a in noctes dirassate Verr. 5, II a), noctes et dies Brut 3 8 et in noctes ac di s Arch. 29ὶ cf. at So Verg. Aen. 6, 27 an νυκτα τε καὶ ἡμαρ in Iliad 5, 49os ut the collocations dies noctesqtie dies et noctesare far commone in Cicero. Madvii Emend. iv. p. 487 n. ed. 2ὶ says that in riters of Livy' time an earlier, heia an action i mentioned whicli continues throughout a number of Jay an nights, ei ther dies et noctes and the like lirases are sed, o di et nocte and the like but o diem noctemque o diem et noctem, hi Ch eXpreSsion, he Says, would impi that the action continue oni throughout inae clay andone night. ut ad vi has vertooke De Or. 2, 162 an fem Dacu-

vel it,ould se em that he ther Sense annot be exclude l. - moderationem ... aequitatem the Seli-Controi an even balance of our minit'. oderatio is in Cic. a common tranStation f σωφροσυνη. Aequitas is no used here in iis commones SenSe of reasonabienes 'or equi ty', ut a the noui correspondita to aequus ita the ordinaryPhraSe aequus animus H orace, aequana meme=Ito rebus Da arduis Sem

Tare uenton'ὶ cf. TuSc. I, 97 hanc maximi intina aequitatem in ipsanior es, at o Socrates undis turbe composure jus besore his execution. animi tui for the position of theSe ord bet ween moderationem nil aeqnitatem, o both of vhicli nouia the refer a forna os speech calle by the Latin grammarians coniunctio in See note Oniaelius 8 4rιm sunt mi viri tun amicissimi. - Cognomen P i. e. the name

Atticus, hici Cicero' frien d id not inherit, ut adopted. For the

the verti deportare is early at ways in the est riters sed or bring- in things rona the province to Ital o Rome, an no vice versa, the Romans using lown ' de of motion to arcis the capital Italiata portare occur in Tacitus an late riters bullial in the sense of banishin a perSon cf. Ann. 4 43ὶ So decedere de pro incia i common, ut no Koma decedere A to the forni deportasse, it a beremarhed that Cic. in the vas majori instance use the contracte an no the fuit fornis of the infinitives corresponclin to Pe se is in atri o putasse=it in An xtensive collectio of Xamples

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of this an simila contractions may be found in Frohwe in Die emfecibi id ungen ratis vi iei Cicero, Gera. I 874. - humanitatem: culture'; i. e. dearning reSultini in genti enes inno resinement of character. - Prudentiam: Ἀβρόνησιν or Iractical Wis dom. Corn. Nepos o his imitator in his life of Atticus I 7, 3 Says of him frincipum hiIosophorum ita percepta habitis praecepta ut his ad vitam vendam non ad ostentationem teretur. -iSdem rebuS i. e. the Stateo public assair at the time; see Introd. - quibus me ipSum: Stricti speaking the constructio i inaCCurate, Since suspicor commoveri must e supplied, and Cicero cloes no reali mean o a that he meret conjectures himselfino e seriousi affecte by the state os public assairs; Do isse commoveor ould have accuratet expreSSed his mean ing The accusative is due to the attraction o te bove. - maior di cilior as osten . e. r. Lael. 29 quod maius u. visum est mihi conscribere γ placuit mihi, have determinedio rite . The est riter raret use the impersona videm etc. followed by an infinitive. When the sage occur videtur mihi etc. generali have the meaning a here of δοκεῖ μοι . . . have made u in mind'. Cf. Tusc. 3, 2 Non mihi videtur ad beate et vendum salis osse virtuum tb 5, 22 a curious passage mihi enim non videbamr quisquam esse eam fosse cum esset in latis ς in malis autem sapientem esse posse Off. 3 7 malitia quae est

illa quidem videri se esse prudentiam crast,hicli destres that peopleghould belleve it tote isdona' ; iv. I, Io 7 dis visum nec irritam conditoris templi vocem esse ... the godsieci de that the wor of the solander of the stiri ne hould no remat o no effect ' . It would edifficult. fio impossit)le. to indis passage in a riter efore silver Latin times here the est texis stili exhibitinnyth in like videtur mufacere for is id trir facere. H. 34, I n. I; Oby, 353. - aliquid

ad te: sonae orti dedicate to ou' so elow, 3 cf. alS Lael. ut de amicitia scriberem aliquid et ib. Catone maiore qui est scriptus ad te e senectute Div. 2, 3 liber is quem ad nostrum Atticum de senectute

2. aut . . . aut Certe osten in Cic. certe, cit an rates'. Senectutis a the time the word were ritten Cic. asia ear old, Atticus three ear older For the meantia os seuerius Se n. n .

- levari volo the est Latin writer frequently use the passive infinitive aster vertis expressing deSire, here modern would inclineto the active here Cic. instea of saying I, isti to et leve ourseis

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quamquam, hich, haVe in I, 9, IO, 24 47 67 69. - te quidem oo at ali event.', bo for ne . - modi Ce a Sapienter modice recalis moderationem bove modice aut ad moderate are sed, illi exactly the fame sense by ita , hil sapienter recali aequitatem, sinceo Dentia produce Stabilit and an even balance of the ind. In De Or. I, 32 e have modice et Scienter. - Sicut omnia: is i in I, 7 D-cet is itiden sicit alia I also elow, 3 sicis alia. - et ferre et laturum esse Ti Scher righil remari S that hen a veri, is repeate dilius illi a variationis ense Cic. very nearly tWayS Se et . . . et and notis single et mere ly The contrast etween the wo ense i thus made more potia ted. f. 3 et binaris et dicesmus. Certo Cio: one of the est S S., ollo ed by sonae editors, has here certe Scio. The alter phrase ould me an am sui erilia Ianow' a sense hicli Seenas ut o place hereὶ the forme have certain or Aure linowl

monet . . TUSC. 3, 43 Iucluni omneu absterseris. With lais statemento Cicero' concerning the effect the work hadin himself contras Att.I4, 2I, 3 ex E/rdus mihi Saesius est Cato viator ad te miratis. Am a io

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Pl. A. 55, c; G. 6O I; H. 67. - esse Cerit mollem S 56 poteratne tantus animus incere non iucu)rdam Senectialem: ut 5 co=aditiora facit haec aucupium 'ficio gives more emphaticali unan facio heide of the completion of the action. i. Lael. 73 incere aliquem consulem Carr through a man' election a consul ' facere aliquem consulem e in meret vote or a mali' election to the consules hi '. - satis digne as h deServes', lit 'in a uinciently orth man-ner'. Some editor have thought digne superfluous and wiShe to castit out but, have satis di ne et Sewhere, a in Verr ACt. II. I, 82 f. also Sex. Rosc. 33 pro di nitate laudare Satis commode. qui pareat. . . degere conditiona sentence of irregula forni qui siquis; cui Sinapi connective, ut ei). Cf. Div. I, I 27 qui enim teneat causas rerum futurarum, idem necesse est omnia teneat quae futura sint also the example in Roby's Grammar, 338. A. IO, G, O7, b G. 594, I, 598 H. O7, II. and III. 2. Some, however, mali possit a Subjunctive of characteristi ori cause illi ni and pareat a Subjunctive byattraCtion. - omne tempus aetatis e very eason o lite ' S in 8 extremum tempus aetatis: O rer/e tempus aetatis. The Opposite phras aetas tempo= is i ver rare it Occur in Pro Peritu I, 4, 7. 3. CeteriS: neuter adjective sedis a nouia, equivalent to ceteris rebus the ther matter ' i. e. the political troubles inte at bove. The best,riter domo osten se the neuter adjective a nou in the Iique cases unies there S Somethin in the contexto Aho thegende Clearly, a in 24 aliis ... eis quae We haVe, o e ver belowin , isto ista ae 72, reliquum 77, caelestium, rerum carie reum et an in 78, praeteritorum futurorumque See ther instances in n. o Lael. O simiaium. The prolepti or anticipator use of ceteris

ClauSe o PhraSe consist o four aris, hic his in patrs a here diximus, dicemus ora ne si de an multa, aere nolle ther . the Latin frequently arrange the word So as o ut ne air et lenthe w member of the ther air, as here This sage is called by grammari an chiasmus Thus is e denote the soli part by AA , 56', Miasmus requires the orde A AB At o BAA Γ'. Se examplesii I, O, 22, 38 44, 7I For the more complicate fornis of hi asinus

librum . . . mi Simus Observe the omisSion o a partici a the egi n

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Pateti C. Parum . . . Ructoritatis: ObServe lio Oileia Cicero takestroubie to separate Ord whicli are grammaticalty clOSely connecte d.

Cic. more iten se in furere a bring on the Stage', as in Lael. Catonen induxi se=ι m dissutantem. f. howeve 5 Honterus Laertencolentem Grum facit alS Brut 2I8 Orat. 5. Instea os facimus e might have expecte est ut aer fecimus to correspondis illi nisi m. is and tribuimus bove or faciemus to correSpond with videbitur elow. O the se of lae participi e See A. 292, e G. 36 H. 338. I. . eruditius disputare: Cic. no infrequently in his dialogues mal espeopte talla illi more earn in than the reali possesse l. e Severat almes confesses hi as regariis Lucullus an Catulus in the Academica, and a regariis Antoniu in the De Oratore. ferat: subjunctive hecatis emboduin the sentiment of Laelius and Scipio

allusion here o Cato's life wortis, an opinion se Introd. - quid opus est plura sc dicere: Cf. the elliptic phrases quid multa' sc dicam in 78 also below, Io praeclare A. O6, c; H. 368 3, . . 6. Saepe numero Soleo: it i m frequent custom'. θιmero is literalty by the counti rechonini', and in saete numero had originali vili Same force a in quadra inta nunter an the like; ut the phrasecam to e sed meret as a light strengthen in o saepe. CumhO . Cum Ceterarum the se of cum in different senses in thesam clause, hic hiseems wkWard i no uncommon; cf. et O , 67