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mander lio et the citacle o Tarentum hile Hannibal as in possession of the to via. Cicero probabi found the commander describe by the annali sis meret a M. LiviuS S in Liv 24, 2O, I 3;26, 9 IJ, and then jumpe to the conclusion that he was the amous M. Ibi vius Salinator Thi mala, the ather of the Salinator mentione in , as OnSul in I ani subdue the Illyrians, ut ascondemnet for is appropriation o public moneys and went into exile. In I he was induce to return by the es ire of the senate. In o he hecam consul illi C. Claudius Nero, an deseate dHasdrubal in the rea batile of the Metaurus. In o Livius ascensor illi Nero as his colle agiae, and won his nam Salinator by imposita a taxin ait. The ille a bestowed in ridicule, but lungto the fami ly Salinator as a relative o M. Livius Macatus See Liv. 27, 34, . ita dicenti et c. the necdote is tot by Livy, 27, 25, 3 an Plutarch, Fab. 23. Both, O ever, refer the tor no tolli time at whicli Tarentum a talien, buto the ear iter, henaltercations abolit it too place in the Senate. - toga, here ut for civi lite', the wa ein re place in time os a by the sartim. Cf. in Pisonem 3 pacis est iitsi ne et oti toga, contra artum armatum ullat atque belli De Or. 3, 6 Ioiam . pro face arma I ac
tela' pro 'bello'. e have the fame contraSt etween arma and lova in Cicero' own much-deride verse, cedant arma se e concedat
laurea audi, whicli is defendet l) him in Pis. 73 an Off. I, 77. ConSul iterum etc. the seconi consul Ahil o Fabius as in a 28B Q, hile the la o Flaminius a passe in 32 accordin to Polybius in i is very diis cultrio understand the Statemen here made. It is possibies that Flaminius as ne of the commiSSioner for Xe-cutin his own a xv, and that iis execution laSted ver the time os Fabius secon consul Alii p. The Flaminius here mentione is thesame lio fellis consul in I at the batile of ake Trasimenus Heheld large and States man-like vi e Sin the poli Cy of securingestat bypiant in Romans and Latin in the territor then recently aken romthe auis, in the ne ighborhood of Ariminum Thi particula meas-ure a carried against the wil of the senate, and was the rs lawpassed, Since the ex Hortensium 287, in defiance of iis is he q. twas also the rs agrari an a since the Licinio-Sexti an a o 367. Polybius dates the decline of the Roman constitution rom the 3aSS-ing of the ex Iaminia. Cf. Rheinische.ΜuSeum , I 843, P. 73. Sp. Carvilio quiescente Gihi Sp. Carviliu vas consul in 34 hen
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lle conquere the Corsicans an Sardinians. In 228 he was again consul, ani die a augur in I 2. He S aid, but erroneouSty, to have been the firs Roman who divorce his ite. In II 6 jus alter thebatile of Cannae, he macte a mos remarkable proposal, o fili up thegaps hic holia batile ad made In the number of the Senate byse lecting two member frontis ach of the Latin communities. It was almos the ni occasion in the CourSe o Roman hi Stor When anyth in like modern repreSentative go verninent a advocatecl. Carvilius a not prunifrona ne of the nobi families, xvii ior themost par monopoli aed the higher ilices of State it is thereiore notsurpris in that he Should have sympathi Zed with Flaminius.
Contra Senatu auCtoritatem: against the expressed isti of the Senate'. Seiratu auctoratia i S, Stricti Speaking, an opinion of the senate no formali embodie in a decree, senatu consultum Cicero, in Inveni. 2, 2 Say Flamini u Carrie hi S a contra voluntatem
omnium optimatium. - diVidenti lieni trie to divide heparticipi is here equivalent to cum illi the imperfeci indicative ridi, debat in i lenientem A. 2 , a G. 668 M. 49 I. P. 6. - cum esset Mouo he was'. What Fabius declare was reatly that the atissicia ere a political inStrument in the and of the aristocratS, ather than a parti religion. Fabius, accordin toLi V. O 26, 7, a augur for 62 ear beiore his eath, and ad nodo ubi had a large experience in the manipulation of the auspicia forpolitical purpoSeS. Compare Homer, Iliad, 2, 243 also Cic. Phil. 1i iter isse sanxi ut omnia quae rei subticae salutaria essent Igitima et iusta alerentur ConSult omnisen, His t. o Rome Bk.
12. admirabilius: more maging The Latin or has a muchstronge mean in than the inglisti or derive frona t. quomodo tulit: eum modum quo tulit, o that he claus is no reatly clependent on ami, O tulit irregulari put for triferat. In Lael. Laelius exclainas, o Cato himself, quo modo, ut alia omittam, morum siti tulit. Andio do ubi Cic. meant here o mali Cato allude to istoss, describe in 84. - fili See n. n I praemi. - Con Sulari S the son o Fabius a consul in I 3 illi Ti. Sempronius Gracchus. est in manibus is in very one' hands', 'is commoni read'. The expression is common nough in this sense e. r. Lael. 96 in manibus est oratio. laudatio P sc funebris, the funeral speech. This composition a rea in Cicero' time se Tusc. 3 7O Fam. 4.
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6, 1 and existe in the time o Plutarch. See Plutarchys life o Fab. 24. - quem Itii loSophum D many of the rancient philosopherswrote popular reatiSes in hi Ch the principies o philosophy ere applied to the alleviation o sorrow. The mos famou of these in Cicero' time a Crantor' περὶ πενθουs, hici Cicero Sed larget in writin his Tuscialantissulations an also in hi De Consolatio=re onthe eath of his aughter. - in luC ... ivlum in public and unde the gage of his fellow-countrymen'. o no tranState in oculis by the Englisti phras ' in the ye Os', hici ha another Sense. The metaphor in lux is osten used by Cicero, a Qu. r. I, in luce
Asiae, in oculis provinciae. - notitia notitia i general knowledge, osten meret the resulti superficia observationa scien iaci thoroughknowledge, the resultis elaboration an generaligation. - multae litterae great iterar attainments'. In his ense magnae could not be sed to repreSent great'. Note the ellipsis of erant. - ut in homine Romano: conSidering that he was a Roman ' or for Roman ' O the backwardnes of the Roman in literar pursu iisse Teu fiet, Hist. of Rom. it.,4 2 cf. also Ritter Hist. of Ancient Philosophy, Vol. IV. p. -I3 Eng. d. In parentheti clauses likethis, the introductor ut a conve two Ver different me aningsaccordin to the context. Thu in Acad. 2 98 homo acritus, ut Poenus is a Leen-witte man, as mihi e expecte V a Carthagini an cf. Colum. I, 3 8 acutissimam mentem Poenos While Nepos, Pam. 5, 2 exercitatum an dice=rdo ut Thebanum impli es that orator was notri beexpected i a Thebaia. - domestica . . . externa bella : here thedomestica bella re those ars hich belon to the hi Stor o Rome; the externa bella those ars hichielon to the histor of other states; but usuali domestica bella are civit Wars externa fore igia ars in hicli
Rome Mengaged e. q. Leg. gr. 2 omnibus domesticis externisque bellis in Catil. 2. II omnia sunt externa unius virtute pacata Gm
sticum bellum manet, intus insidiae sunt. The practice of eadin militar histor was common amon Roman Commander See o inStance Acad. 2, 3 of Lucullus the practice is ridicule by Marius in Sall. Iug. 85. - ita ita cloes no qualis cupide, an ha no the sense of tam it means ather in his state', inde these conditions ' theword from qiιasi to the en of the sentence reali forin an XPlanationi ita This mode os expression is osten found ita an sic frequently ook on to clauses introduce hy quasi, si, ut, cum etc. f. belo sic. . . quasi . . . cupiens here e nὶ Sall. Iug. 85, 9
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ita aetatem Tunt qaιasi vestros honores contemnunt, ita os petuntiguasi honeSI UIXErint. - divinarem P See relere iace olim coufo ceris. - illo exstincto Fabius diei in Io B. C. - fore unde discerem neminem: Cf. Acad. I, qatae nemo adhuc secutirat nec erat unde tu Hos scire so Eut Gnaee o PerSons haere a quo is
common in both verse and Prose so θεν and θενπερ vid. id telland coit in v. cf. Horace I, 2, 7 unde ui maius generatur ipso pi, 28, 28 Cic. de r. I, 6 ita ipse unaee o noris: ib. 2, 285. So rubi u litem in Verr. 4, 29; quo ad quos belΟW, 83, and in Uerr. 4, 38 cf. also n. on istinc in 7. For OO O discerem See A. 32O G.
13. quorsu igitur hae: sc dixi. - tam multa this ta kes the place of tot, hi cli, like quot cannot e mSed a a SubStantive. Scipiones men like Scipio', i. e. the et de Africanus sora Fabricii Curii Coruncanii. Cicero has liere put his own opinion o Scipio in to the molith o Cato, ho during a large par of his life was astaurich and evenit iter opponent of Scipio, and there fore not likelyto cotti te immitti Fabius f. Introd. - ut . . . recordentur therepetition o ur,ith ach laus for the salie of effect a b compared, illi the repetition o nihil in 15, 27, i O non in 32; of hinc in o is sibi in 58. - pedestris for errestris: the Sage is very
common; o in reel πεζομαχια an ναυμαχία, πεζομαχεῖν and ναυμαχεῖν re osten contrasted se Li idei and Scottὶ It is no recorde lb historians that ei ther Scipio or Fabius Ooli par personali in
navat warsare. - recordentur: hi verti impli es the habituali vell- in of the memor ut on the PaSt. - quiete et pure atque eleganter the enumeration conSist O two branche Connected a et,
the seconi branchie in subdivi dei in t two member connected by atque Hadis ach of the adverbs been intendedo Stand on exactly the fame oot in Cic. ould have ritie et instea os atque, o elSewould have omitted the copula altogether Se n. on 3 capitat iv ID. In enumerations of the orna si bi. 9, the uisi de thebracket is expresse by et the , inside the braci et generat lyrae ingexpressed by ac for hicli atque is substituted heia the folio ruing ord i. e. B., begins illi a vowel a guttural sc g, ζ o h before
alty in choice ashion', implies aintines combine with simplici tyin regari to the externa Conditions os life The fame ideas a re put
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num Platonem . . . cogit in sui studiis obmuriscere senectits Diog.
Laert. 3, 2 quotin HermippuS a Gree writer o biography holive abolit the time of the econ Punic arὶ says that Plato die in the mi lille os a marri age-feast at whi Ch he was a gueSt. Val. ax. 8, 7, 3 gives a lighil different account. - Isocrati this fori of the genitive o Gree prope name in es a probably used by Cicerorather than the or in is p See advigin in I, I 4; eue, Formen-lelire, I 332. SocrateS, the greates te acher of rhetori of his time, live from 436 to 338, heia' die by voluntar Atarvation win tollis grie at the lossi Gree fre edom through the batile of Chaeronea. Milion, Sonne X. That distiones victor At Chaeronea fatalo liberty mil P with repori laat id an eloquent'. - eum . . . inSCri-hitur the periphrasi is common, and the ver inscribere is early at ways in the present ense in later prose a xvellos in Cicero a in 39. his S sometinae the Case even here the et gliborin vertis
are in Past tenSeS, RS in Acad. I, 2 nec se tenuit quin contra suum
doctorem librum etiam ederet qui Sosus inscribitur. The presentseem to mea that the nam mentione is continuallyalven to achcopy of the book a produced; here the continuin multiplicationis copies is no looke io, e have the perfeci a Att. 8, 5. 2 tu fascicutam bundie o letters qui est inscriptits des ' Curio', velim cures a eum perferendum. i. also De Or. 2 6 deceptus indicitis Urorum qui sunt fere inscripti s to hicli the authors ince or ali lavegi ven the litteA' Iule, de iustitia, etc. A Div. 2, libro qui est inscriptus Hortensitis. - dicit the Panathenaicus'. an 'nComium of thens ritten or recitatio at the reat festival of the
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Panathenaea, is among the work of Isocrates hicli, stili possess.
i die'. quaereretur the past tenSe, though the principat verti, inquit, is in the present, ecause the present i the historical presentandis equivalent to a paSt tenSe. Cf. Roby i5II-I5I4 Kenne ly, 229, 2. A. 287, e G. II, Rem. I; H. 495 II. The diona by hichthe imperfeci Stanus here e liould expecto tense of complete laction, houldie noti Ced Cf. TuSC. 2, ω quem cum romaret, respondit. The explanationi the imperfeci in suci, cases is that it marks ut, more Clearly than the luperfeci ould ille fac that the actior of the principat verti and the action of the depelident verbore iacti catly Contemporaneola S. In oti passage i quaesitum esset ad heen writtenit ould have indicate meret that at ome qui te indefinite time aster the question a put the ans xver a gi ven f. N. D. I, 6 auctore
. . . ObScurior Cur ... vita hint a Sulcide, hicli the ancients
thought a justi fiatile mode os scape frona troubles, particulari thoseo ill ealth or id age. See n. on 3 vetat ora oras. Esse in vitai Stronger than vivere: s. u. r. I, 3, 5. - nihil habeo quod a CuSem have no reason to reproacti'. f. the common Phrasequid est et Od. . . Quod adverbiallaCC. A. 24O, a G. 33I R. 3 H. 378, 2 For inoodis accusem See H. O3 I. . , and refere iace On 2 discerem. - prae Clarum re SPonSum est i no required, becauSeresponsum is in apposition to the last par of the precedin sentence.
Simila appoSition occur in Laelius 67, 7 I, 79. - docto appliedespeciali to philosophers, ut also to poets. The wor implies cub
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P. 7. 14. Cuius . . . feci: the foreSaid 'cis in good Latii always expresse by a parenthesi like his an noti a participi in agreement vitii the nouit The phrases inle dictits supra dictus ' belongi silve Latin, here the are common. f. 23 ρω ante dixi. sic ut etc. the lines are rom the Annals o Ennius for hicli se n. on I. - ecus es Ennius clid not rite uti nor mos likel clid Cicoro: the forme may have uritiei et ther cris, equos, o egus herias formVahlen prinis in his edition o Ennius. - Spatio supremo: at theend of the race-co urse', at the goat', or it a be at the last turn round the Course , he ac requiring the ourSe tot run round Severat timeS; Cf. Homer' πυματον δριχον in Ilia 23 768. Sora aemcurso spatio et Verg. Aen. 3, 32 iamque fere patio extremo fessique subissam suem adventabant. - vicit Olum piar a direct imitation f
'ολυμιπια The editor print Ompia, ut the se of sto repreSent Greel 4 id not come in ill long after the time o EnniuS. - Senio: differs rom senectute in implyin no meret old age, but the weaknesswhicli usuali accompanies t. - confectus for the disregar of the finalis in canning cf. n. Ono l. 6. - equi victoris, for thealmos adjectival se of the Substantive vici , cf. Verg. Aen. 7 656
nine notin in trix re freely used a adjective both in verse an in proSe A. 88, c; M. 44I, 3. - quem quidem the Same forin Oftransitio is sed In 26, 29 46, 3. The whole of this RSSage to Itasissem is an exhibition o antiquari an earn in qui te innatural andinal propriate in a dialogue. - probe meminisse potestis Cf. De Or. 3, 94 fatemur probe meministi Fin. 2 63 L. Thorius atem mm
ninus common lymaid o e the on of the great Flamininus I. l. I . He a altogether undistinguis laeci as also ere the Acilius and the Caepio aere mentione l. his passage gives the imaginei date of the dialogue s 5 D. C. - Philippo this a Q. Marcius Philis pus, who a Consul in IS and ook par in the qui , pression of the great Bacchanali an conSpirac of that ear For the extra years he wa a
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leadin senator an much engage in diplomac in the East. In 69he wa again consul and commandet against Perseus in the early parto the war. - Cum . . . legem Voconiam ... Suasis Sem: after Ilia spoken publici in favor of the law of Voconius'. or Suasissem Ci. Io suasor illi . The Lex Voconia de multemιm hereditatibus at med a securing the continuance of properi in families B iis pro- vi Sion no man who OSSeSSed properi value in the censors list at
receive unde the wili legacies amo uiatin in alto a large sum hanthat received by the principat hei or heirs. very Roman illisameda heresi heredes, on hom devolved ali the privileges nil uties of the deceased, illi such uties as ere enjoined by the will particulari the ut o paying the legacies est to thos who eremo heredes. Se Maine, Ancientiaw, Ch 6 also Hunter, Introd. to Roman LaW,Ch. . - magna in Latin the word ma nus is the ni equivalentos ur loud'. lateribus lungs'. Cic. and the est riters raret uSe pulmones for lungs' thecie passages in hicli it occurseither refer o victim sacrifice at the altar, or are medicat PhySiological descriptions Goo lungs' is always 'ho=ta latera neverpulmon . - duo. . . Senectutem , Ennius is sal to have epi a school in his later days, an to have live in a cottage illi ne
15. etenim this ori generali introduces ei ther an explanationor a proo ona precedin state ment. Here the word are elliptic, and the ea connection illi ha precedes an onlyte made cleari a paraphrase. Ennius seeme to delight in id age. An no onder, since there are four causes hicli mali mei thini old age retched, and o ne of these ili ea examinatiora'. Etenim a generat lybe translated incleed' in fact'. - cum Complector animo: whenes gras p them in in thought The objec os complector is tobe Supplied rom causas. - avocet: sc rencs The subjunctives denote that these are the thought no of the speaker, hut of the per- sons ho do thini old age a retche thing See n. on et ferat butes Mennedy. Grammar, Ires. i. O. - alteram . . . tertiam: in enumeration o more that two thing unus and alter generali talieth place of primus an secundus in Cic. these alter raret occuruncter Such Circumstances. Cf. Att. 3, 3. I; Fin. 8, 9 Off. I, 32;Cluent. 78. - infirmium V ouam an ea erat. - quam Sit iuSta
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Cicero generali Separate froin the word the qualis quam tam ita, tantuS, quantus, Osten, a. here, by one mali ord Cf. elow, 33 quam fuit imbeciI tam esse inimicum. - quibus ohe reposition aris osten omitte t cf. in Pis. 9 Arsinoen . . . Naupactum fate= is ab ostibus esse captas Ouibus hostibus ' Nempe eis, etc. TuSc. 3, 37 sed traducis o Patio/res meas ad voluptates Ortas' vela hen relative an antecedent re in the fame Sentenc the reposition is no osten repeated; . . in S, 68 eodem in Denere quo illa. - an eis an always introduce a queStion hicli is no independent, butio OwA Pon a Previ ou queStion ei ther expresse or implied. Here quibus implies om=ribusne. f. iv. in Caec. 2 quid enim dices An id quod dictitas ... here rudimplies nihiDI at Sotelow. 23, 29 an=re. A. II, hi G. 459 H. 353 n. 4. - iuventute et viri hus: commoni explaine a chendi adyS, i. e. as ut for iuventaui viribus but Cic. no more meant hi than e mean the strength of ouili '
L. Paulus: his is L. Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus, consul in I 82B. , and again in i 68,henae finisti ei the hiri Macedonian war hyulteri deleatin Perseus a Pydna For his connection illi Scipio
an Cato se Introd. - pater tuus i. e. Misio S in in avi tui, an in 75 avum tuum Without mention of ouia Scipio' name, ut in pat= is tui, Scipio: s 77. - Fabricii etc. for the plural Seen on 3. C. Fabricita LuSCinuS, ConSul in 282, 278, and 73 . , censor in 73, hel the command against Pyrrhus The Roman writerS, Cicero specialty are ne ver ire of eulogi gin him asin patierno old-fashioned Roman virtve. Manius Curius Dentatus, Consul in 20O 275 and 7 practi Cally, is no formalty ende the hiri Samnite war, nil also commande against Pyrrhus see 33. He a fame dior his turd Roman simplicit an frugali ty. Tiberius Coruncanius a consul in 28 crus hed an Etruscan insurrection. In 252 he e cameth firs plebeian pontifex maximus These three mei are Ver frequently mentioned together l, Cicero; cf. elow, 43 Lael. 8.
nihil agebant: observe that nihil a Phat is ut at he heginning os theiirs sentence nihil a ba=at at the en of the se conil chiasinus.16. A. Claudi Appius Claudius, the ead of the mos stronglyaristocrati famil in Rome, a censor in II B. C. When e Constructed the via Appia, and consul in o and 296. He ad to e
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rhuS.-aCCedebat ut accedit is far Oftener sol lowed by a clausewith quod and indicative than by a clause illi ut an Subjunctive. When the quotclaras, follows, it contain a fac looke at aerelyas a fac and noth in more; ut the, clauSe viewA the fac a consciquentipon, o dependent On sonae ther act. II ere the lindnes is regarde a be in the consequence of id age; though iv 9, 29 II an other authors attribute it to the ange of the odS, OCauSe ascensor Appius ad alien the administration of the worShi o Hercule away roin the ancient fami ly of the Potitii, andia place it in the and of public laves. The mentat vigor of Appius in his id
age is mentioned by Cic. in TUSC. 5, 12. P. . - Cum Pyrrito note the position of the ord belween
facem and foedus, illi both os,hicli the go. his sage i called
tion froni hostilities. - non dubitavit dicere : hen dubitare meanS to hesitate' about a course of action , and the Sentence i ne alive, or an interrogative Sentenc assumin a negative aias ver the infinitive conStruCtio generali follows, as here; ut the infinitive is rare in positive Sentence. laen dubitare means o b in do tibi' a towhether certain Statenient are true o not), lae regula ConStructionis ei ther quin illi subj. o sonae formi indirect interrogative ClauSe. Cf. elow, 23. - quo vobis, froni ulae una es In me=rtes sementis e have a moron an intentiona Contradiction in terins asin 38 sensim sine Ensu 39 munus . . . aufert On the CaSe of vobis, See Oby II 84 A. 235, a II. 384 4 n. . antehac alway adi Asyllabi in verse, and Probabi3 pronounced in proSe. - Viai: the old genitive. A. 36, a G. 27 Rem. I; H. 49, 2. The re ading Sno qui te certain is Dii read it is no altogether certain hetheri depend On quo or ono se Diere. In the forme ConStruction e have a Partitive en With an adv. A. I 6 a 4 G. 37 I Rem 4 H.
397, 4; in the alter, a distinc Graecisin ille desine querellarum II or. Od. 2 9, 17 and the like A. 243 Rem. G. 373 Rem 6 M. IO, V. 4.-Ct tamen the SenSe is incompletet expressed in fulicit is andyet there is no nee for me to refero Appius Speech a gi ven by Ennius since the speech iiset is in existence . Exacti simila ellip se are found illa et amen iii in I, II and 5 2 g IS, I, 6 and