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- immortalitate animorum this is commone than immortalitas animi, for the immortalit of the Soul' so Lael. I 4 TuSC. I, Oaeternitas anim serum. -ctis SeruiSSet subjunctive e cause involv- in the Statenient of Some ther perSon than the Peaker A. 34I, c; G. 63o. H. 28 I. i qui esse etc. man great nough ohave been declared wisest'. See n. o Lael. 7 Apollinis . . . iudicatum. Si Cf. tu above. Celerita animorum the ancient picture to theniselves the inclis a substance capable of exceedinglyrapi movement cf. TuSC. I, 43 nulla rat celerita quae ponit cum animi celeritate contenta re. - tantae Scientiae the plurali scie=atiat almos unknown in classical Latin recent editor tali scientiae herea genitive, So an aris requiring o much nowledge'. In favor of this interpretation re suci passage a Acad. 2, 46 arum sine scientia erae Ion posse Fin. 5, 26 ut omnes artes Da aliqua Scientia emra1rtur. et in De Or. I, 6 p sica ista et vetat ematica et quae paulo ante ceterarunt artium propria posuisti, scie/atiae sam eorunt qui iam proste/itur it A very awkward o tali scientiae a geniti Ue. Cumque Semper etc. this argument is copi e ver closely rom Plato' PhaedruS, 245 C. - principium motu αρχὴ κινησεω in Plato. - Sei PS P Cf. n. On an a se ipsi. - Cum Simplex etc. frona Plato's
Phaedo, 78-8o. The generat dris of the argument is his materialthings deca be cause the are compounde of paris that ait Sunder;
τεκρι εριο in Pl. Phaed. 7 A. Belle in the immortalit of the oui naturali follows the acceptance of the doctrine of re-eXi StenCe. homine Scire etc. Se Plato, haedo, 2 -73 B. The notion that the ouis of men existe besore themodies illi hicli the are connecte has been et in ali ages an has osten fouia expression inliterature. The Englisti poet have no infrequently allude to t. Se Wordsworth's de noli Intimations o Immortalit frona the Recollections o Eari Childhood, Gur irili is ut a fleei and aforgetting etc. also in Tennyson's wo Volces the passage egin-
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reminisci et recordari a doubie tranStation o Plato' αναμ ιμινησκε - σθαι, qui te in Cicero ' fashion; the former or implie a momentaryaci the lalter ne i Some duration. - haec Platoni fere so far
entem in Xen. Ἀσγρων, i. e. ithout poWer of thinking. - sed but ather that ...' - homini natura a Periphrasi for homo; cf. in. 5, 33 intelle aut, si ilando naturan hominis dicam, hominem dicere me nihi enim hoc dissert. nihil . . . Somnum D POet and artist frona Homer L. I 6 682 inward. have picture death as te et 'sirother f. Lessing How the Ancient Represente Death. B1. atqui See n. ni. - dormientium animi ita Se Div. I, 6 where a passage of simila impor is translatet froni Plato' Republic IX; ib. II 3. - remiSSi et liberi: Cf. Div. I, II, animus So- Iuttis ac vacuur De Or. 2 I93 nivro leni ac rentisso. - Corpori thesingular, though animi precedes A in Lael. 3 TUSC. , I 2 Ct C. pulchritudinem P κόσμον Cic. translates it l, ornatus in Acad. 2, II Where hic ornatus corresponds' hic tin us a litile earlier. tuentur Se n. na tuerentur. - Servabiti future for imper
suscesturum fuisse. in the direct narration e might have though
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exceptionalty non conaba=rtur risi cernerent for non conati essent nisi
vidissent. Cernerent: See n. O I3 quaereretur. ut ... glorier:
in Arch. 3 Cic. malae the Same reflections in almos the fame ord sabout his own achi eve mentS. - aliquida Se n. quid. P. 34. - Si isdem et c. mi Arch. 29 stoli H animus praesentiret
volumus hoc quod attim est vitae tranquille lacideque traducere. nescio quo modo A. Io, in Rem. G. 469, Rem 2 H. 29, 3, 3 -- erigen Se : Acad. 2, 12 eritimur, elatiores seri videmur. haud ... niteretur in Cicero' Speeches haud Scarcet occur exceptbefore adverbs and the ver uim in the philosophicat writings an in the Letters efore many the vertis. - immortalitati gloriam so Balb. I sempiterni rominis gloriam. f. also Arch. 26 trahimur omnes studio laudis et optimus quisque maxime gloria ducitur. m. non videre : et ther ron videre o non item a tote Xpected, a Cicero does notitie en Sentences o Clauses ithoto=t. - Colui et dilexi: 4 26 colu=atur et diligamtur. - videndi Cic. for themost par avoid the genitive plural of the gerundi ve in agreement With a nouia, and uses the gerundis here. ei Asne notes that Latinhasio ver With the ense a se again , hici a modern ould se here. - Conscripsi in the Oriones. - quo ad quoS: See n. Οn a fore =rde. - Pelian mistalce of Cicero's It was not
fame experiment illi their ather the SSue, o Course, a very different. Plautus, Pseud. 3, 2 8 Seem to mali the Same mi Stake.
Si quis deus the present subjunctive i noti Ceabie strict ly, an impossibi condition hould require the past ense, but in vivi passages an impossibi condition is momentarii treate a poSSible Cic.
generali says si reviviscat aLiquis, no revivisceret. - de Curso patio : whenes have run m race'. See n. 11 4. LucretiuS , IO42od di has decurso lumine vitae. - ad Carcere a Calceta carceres
cal the winia in post'. f. Lael. Io I TuSc. I, I nunc vides calcent ad quam cum sit decursum, rihil sit praeterea extina cenaeum. Bq. habeat conceSSive A. 266, c; G. 257 m. 484, 3. - multi
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uSe this phras an no multi docti. One of the book Cic. has in vie is no doub that o Hegesias, a Cyrenaic philoSopher, mentione din TuSC. I, 84. Commorandi. . . clivorSorium a hosteir whereinto Aojourn '. The de has been expresse in literatur in a thousandways. f. Lucr. 3, 3 cur non ut plenus vitae conviva recedis IHor Sat. I, I, II vim cedri uti conviva satur Cicero osten insisis that heaven is the vera aeternaque domus os the oul cf. Tu SC. I, II 8 . Cf. Epist. to the Hebrews, 3, 4 Mere have e no Continuin City, but, See one to come'. - Con Cilium Coetumque in Rep. 6, 3 concilia coetusque o nimι quae civitates vocantur. The OrdShere seem to impi that the ea civitas is boveri What Seem to mena civitas is meret a disorgani Zed cro d.
P. 35. Catonem meum D see 5, 8 so Cicero in his letters
by contra ut o Place. - meum sc corpus cremari. quo
Put for ad quae a osten. - visus Sum peopte thought I boreti bravely'. - non quo ... Sex a relative clauSe parallel illi a categoricali affirmative clause. The Sage Sino uncommon thoughCic osten ha non quo . . . Sed quia For ood i ferrem See A. 34I,ae, Rem. G. 34I, Rem. I. H. I 6 IL 2.B5. Qixisti in . - qui here cum SinC I. . . . eX- torqueri volo on , lemari volo. minuti philosophi foro te or minutus cf. n. on 6 Cic. has nainuti philosophi in Acad. 2, 73; Div. I, 62 in in I, 6ν minuti et angusti homines); in Brut 263 m. imperatores; cf. Suet. Aug. 83 m. pueri. Sentiam : future indicative. - peractio the noui is sal to occur ni here in Cic. cf. however i per Pre: o. - hae ... licerem the Same ordRoccur at the en of the Laelius for abeo quod dicam Cic. osten ab S abeo dicere, as in Balb. 34.
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I ORIGIN, SCOPE AN PERSONAGES OD THELAELIUS I
THE Laelius a probably compose in une of the ear 44 B. C. Fro De Divinatione , i, 3 it S clea that heri that ori appeare the Laelius ad not et been rit ten, hile the Cato Maior ad atready been publis hed. In the De Ossciis, whicli is no mentione in the passage referre to bove, hereis a referen e to the Laeliu S. No the Cato Maior a Composed in the pring of 44 B. , and the De mciis in the followin November. As Cicero a travellin clurin Jul and August, hil September an October ere occupied by the De O HS ma suppoSe that the Laelius as ritie in
There is a statementi Aulus Gellius that Cicero in rit ingthe Laelius took or his mode a book of Theophrastus, entit ted
vi e s and writing See Introduc thoe time and the attendant cir-tion to Cato Maior, p. i.-V. On Cumstance Sees Introductio, tot he formis the dialogiae se ibid. Cato Maior, P. vi. Vii. PP. X. X. 3 ANDS Atticae, I, 3, Io et seq. See Ad Att. 6 II.
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accordi noto Gellius, exceedingi free. Theophrastus state dsimpi his own vlews and wrot for philosopher Cicero roteso genera readers, and ut his statem ent in to the mouili os Laelius, ho, as a distinguishe Roman generat an States man, ould o be expecte to go very deepi into philosophical questions. Besides his generat folio in o Theophrastus there are ne or two direct imitations os a discourse of Socrates o Friendship recorde by Xenophon in the Memorabitia. In Dythere is a stigii reference to the Theaetetus o Plato. - Be-yon thes no distinc adaptation o Greel originals an betra ed. It is extremel doubliui hether Cicero in mali in thistreati Se sed the Vicomachean Ethias, though e ne os iis existen Ce and ad perhaps rea it. Se vera poliat os resem blance belween that wor and the Laelius an e accounte sori, the fac that anno Aristolle 's ethical ulterances ad passedinto Common places. Cicero a probabi acquainted illi Plato'. sis, butis direct imitatio oscit an e oin te out. Undo ubtedi he rea and se here and there ther Gree ktreati se on Friendship hicli are o nox extant. In headapis ome lines of Euripides hicli Plutarch say were Commente o by Chrysippus in the book Περι Φίλιaς the verSeS
pectin imitation. 3 SCOPE OF THL LAELIUS. The Laelius belong to the ethica work of Cicero. Whilethe De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum Contains Cicero's View of the principies of morali ty the the ethica writings are Con- cerne with the applications of thos principies to actua lite. The subject o Friends hi p. to hicli the Laelius is devoted. though very litile elaborate by modern philosophers, hel an
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important place in the mora System of the ancients. In post- Platoni times specialty alter the re edom o Gree politicalliis vas extinguis hed an me o culture ad to in private ouileis for their energy, a Friendshi brought into prominen Ce. Numerou treatiSe were speciali devote to t. Aseparate dialogue a gi ven to it by Plato, vi g the insis, and two hol book of the Nicomacri an Ethses VIII. an IX. by Aristolle. In the Laelius, however, the ange os question discus Sed is far narro e than was commoni the Case illi the Gree philosopher Who xvro te on the Subjeci. The Greel φίλια include every formo association, even the relations of man to man, o Citigen to citi Zen, o purchaser o huyer, and the like Cicero, however, Ses amicitia in a sense hic licis almost
exacti that of the Englisti 'trie=arinis Nor oes e attemptiliat exhaustive discussion o ali questions hich ad been rais edor might be ais e to uchin FriendShi in his narro er SenSe, whicli, fin in the wo above-mentione book of the Nicomachean Ethio. The practice of friendshimis discusse almos tothe exclusion o it theory. Cicero' treatis is incleed a indos populariSSay dealing illi hos aspects of the subject whichcould est e made interestin to reader in generat Againan again during the course of the dialogue e emphasiges thepractica character of the realise. Inde edo have made ithighi speculative ould have ili sui te the character of the
interlocutorS. 4. PERSONAGES OF THE LAELIUS.
The age of the ounge Africanus as remarhable for therapi spre ad os Hellenis in among the educate Roman s. Scipio forme the centre os a large an influentia circle, Composed parti o Roman admirer o Gree ar an literature, parti ofi e rei taking the catalogues Speusippus enocrates, and in Diogenes Laertius xve indiepa Aristolle. rate worksin the Subjecti Crito,
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Gree an Roman men o letters Hellenis in ha beenio er- fulcior severa generations in Latin literatur an socia lite. Intiae Hellenis in of the Scipioni circle, howeV2r, o only ereo id tenden cies qui Chened, ut a ne an important influence was addeci, that of the Gree philosophy. Although the wis- domi the Greeks was known in part to the Roman atra muchearlier time, it practicatio emove themiates rom the famous Athenia embas Sy of 33 B. C. CompOSed of the three great philosophers, Carneades the Academi C, Diogenes the Stoic anti Critolaus the Peripatetic. Aster hi time ali the Gree systems struch oot a Rome, ut Lia the reates influen Ce was exerte by Stoicis in o whicli early at the member of Scipio's societ lia a tincture more or es strong. Thus Scipio himseliwas devote to the societ of the Stoi philosopher Panaetius Laelius ad learne Stoicis from both Panaetius and Diogenes. There are many tinge of Stoicis traceable in ur dialogue. These oble Romans, o e ver adopte the Stoic philosophymore on account of it utilit in Supplyin a Mundatio fortheories of law and overn ment than a a fori os ait h. The Stoicis the professe Was also a Stoicism deprive of iis paradoxes an Speciali adapte to Roman astes. In his for it ultimatet exerci sed a profound influence ora the nationat lite o Rome. Though the prevalentient of the Scipionic circle a towards Stoicis m, it a far rom rejecting the societ of those hoadhere to ther Systems. Thu Clitomachus, the Ne Academic, was the friendi man Romans of high station in his time. On the literar si de the circle of Scipio an Laelius a Strong. To it e longe Polibitis the great historian Lucilius the satiri St, and the dramatist Terence an Pacuvius, illi many thers scar et les distinguisti ecl. V cannot here ive an de tali edaccount of the person solio forme this brilliant society, ut
must Confine urgetve to Such informatio as i necessar toillustrate the Laeliu S.