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INTRODUCTION. V a. Philus. Severa friend of Scipio are mentione in the dialogue Chie of thesecis L. Furius Philus.' consul of the
year 36, a man Oi great nowledge and igh character, an atrien an patron o Greel literati He is thought orti, by Cicero to rankieside Cato an Laelius, 'an i Sine of the interlocutor in the De Re Publica. 3. Rusilius P. Rupilius Mas consul in I 32, and exerci sed great severit again St the parti San of Ti. Gracchus. His consul sitimis sal to have been due to the id of Scipio. He commande in Sicil again St the inSurgent flaves an est ablis hed a codemi laws for the administration of that province . 4. Manilius M'. O M. the praenomen i uncertain)Μanilius, consul in I 49, Commande in Africa sor sonae time against the Carthagini an with Scipio as ne of his ossicers. He a a very eminent laWyer, an a close frien o Laelius an Scipio, appearin in the De e Pu lica long illi them. 3. VmnnmιS. Spurius Mummius seem to have been a very disserent an rom his rother the destroyer o Corinth.
Heia both wit an literar abili ty, whi h recommended hi tolli ver intimate friencis hipi Scipio, illi, hom hecis o ined in
Cicero' De e Publica. v lien, o secure Scipio ' Sasely the Senate de spatChediim on an embassyrio Asia, Mummius Was his Companiora. Mummius pent so me time in Achaia as Igatus tollis brother, and thene sent iit episti es in verserio his friendsat home.' As a politicia he was apparently unpopular an un- successsul ; and devotin himselicio stud he ecam a strong Stoic. e ear of hi in that he was particulari note sor his detestationis the eacher o Rhetori C. H. The Lnterlocutor in the Dialog ue. The conversatio is suppos e to tali place at the ous os Laelius a se Jay aster the dea this Africanus the ounger, in
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I. Laelius. The hie Spe alter is Gaius Laelius, the friendo the younge Africanu S. Laeliu S, distingui Shed a States man, sol dier, an man o letters, a bor about 86 B. C. He was plebei an tribune in SI, performe heroi exploit as an ossiceros Scipio in the Thir Puni War, a praetor in I 43, an Commande an arm againS Uiriathu With success. He presented
himseli a candidat for the Consul Shi in I 4 I, ut though supporte by Scipio a falle lii election the ext year, however, he succeeded. He at Sorael the ossice of augur. During the greater par of his liferae a aratron supporter of the aristocrati party. In hi lateriay he sterni oppoSed the schemesos Ti. GracchuS. . Laelius a nolint one of the reates patrons o literature Rome ver Sa , but achim Selici man of high culture an greatabilit asin speahe and writer. He a widely rea in philosophy, particulari the Stoic. His Latin style a so good that the plays of his trien Tereiace, admire so the purit of their Latini ty, e re by many a Scribe in hole or in parto him
Some of his spe eche were extant in Cicero' time, and were, o the whole admired by hi m. 'Cicero verywhere spealis in the mos eu logistic term of Laelius character. At authorities ere unanimous as to his unSwervin rectitude. Hi self-contro an moderation ereremari able. λ' ike Socrates, throughout fete neve showed in his ac the effect produce on his indi Changes o fortune. U See 4. 7 Ad Atticum 7, 3 IO.
His fallier, C. Laelius, 'as ' Cicero spealis Oi ne speechthe friend of the et de Africanus. a aureola oratis aratia, ut i an- See note ora C. M. D77. o errat Avetustior et g orridior See See note on Laelius 6 prae N. D. 3, 7, 4, Brut. I, 83. tore me. ' Cic. Topica 7S; Lael passim ' Laelius 77, 96 etc. V Arch. 7, 6. Lael. 7 Phil. 2 83. U Off. I, 26, M. Lael. 3 39.
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Durin his lis and after his deati Laelius bore the titie sapie=tso the wise , a ille hicli implies more os practica than fintellectuat is dona though it ould no have been gi ven to any one ho was destitutem culture and literar excellence Allo-gether Laelius is Cicero' typica example of the best resulis of Cultivatio acting on a character latch exhibite in thei fullest extent the idea Roman virtues. He is introduce as an interlocutor in t two the dialogues the Cato Maior, illi Scipio, and the De Re Piιblica a long illi Scipio, Fannius, an ScaeVola. The frien d shi of Laelius an Scipio as ne of the moSisamous in antiqui ty. Laelius says Cicero, reverence Scipio asa god Scipio ooke u to Laelius, hi Senior, a a Parent. εThe view of friendshi Whicli Laelius ives in the dialogueare sal by him to e maint tho se of Scipio. a. Scaevola. Scaevola elonge to a fami ly of lawyers, si and was himself exceeclingi distiliguis hed sor his knowledgemith law. He wasior abolito 37, and live tit 884. C. In III
seem to have ad ut litti politica ambition though Wingio his hi gli character an his re edom rom partisans hi heexerci sed in ille Senate an in private a great politica influence. His ous was ait thronged by the ea ling men o Rome. 7
Mur. 3I, 66 cf. Horace' misi, hil tribune in is he had thesarie=Ilia Laeli, Sat. 2, I, 72. good sense to illidra it in order Off. I, IOS; De Or. 2, 22. to preven civit discor l. In addition to the passage in ' De Re Publica, I, 8. the Laelius cf. Off. 2 4 Laelius . au ur tot sonu αἰ se a I
213 Tusc. 4, Plutarch, lis of h De Or. I, 9 iijra civilia tu Ti. Gracchia S, C. I, a the uia nostra Scaevolarum familia Gulit et stor that the ille Sapicn versata sunt. was gi ven ri, Laelius, iecause I De Or. I, 2OO; Phil. 8, 3I. havin proDosed aia agrari an lare
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The Nitos et a the learning of Scaevola a reno ned, and he was note sor Sweetnes an affabilit os demeanor. Cicero. ho a in early lite, long illi Atticus, place under his guardians hi p. alWay speak of him illi great assectio an dadmiration. Scaevola appear alSo Mone of the interlocutor in
the De Oratore an in the De Re Publica. 3. Fannius Gaius Fannius serve With distinctio under Scipio in the Thir Punic War. He an Tiberius Gracchus
were the rs to mount the walis o Carthage heu it asstor med. He serve agat in Spain, ut Seem to have beenun successsu in politica life He was a man o considerable culti vatio an literar activi ty and wrote a history the Style ofwhicli is very aintly prat sed by Cicero though iis accurae Washighi estimate by Sallust. His Character feem to have been Somewhat severe. He appears illi Scipio an Laelius and Scaevola as ne of the interlocutor in the De Re Publica.
II. SUBJECT MATTER OF THE LAELIUS
I. GENERA UIEW. The Laelius like the Cato Maior, consist of three part Pre limina , dedication to Atticus, DI-5.
Cicero gives an account of his acquaintance illi the Scaevolae I), an explain lio Scaevola the augur, happening one clayto speah of a quarret e tween P. Sulpicius and . Pompeius formeri friendi 2), camerio repor a Conversatio belween Lae-
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INTRODUCTION. IXlius himself, and Fannius o Friendes hi p. his conversation Cicero has ste et rendered 3 i. e states hyie has dedicate dthe wor to Atticus, his reasons for mal in Laelius the ostprominent character in the dialogue 4), and the circumstances o the supposed conversation s).
Introductor Conversation 6-16. Fannius pens the conversation illi an allusion to Scipio Africanus, an re marks that peopte are onderintho Laelius,
whom ther ali Mise, bears the de ath of his frien d 6 I). Scaevolaspeah to the fame effect 8). Laelius, although allegintill-healtha the cause of temporar reti rement achnowledges that he hasbeen de epi move by the los of Scipio 8 Io). He find consolation, however in the reflection that Scipio iste iter of than he Io), e cause, alter avin enjoyed the ighes este emand honors Scipio has paSSed way by a patiales death, an nodoub to: happy immortali in O-iqvi, hile he olde in ears, is leti bellind. ut stili the greates Solace is the re membrance of the lose friend shi pietween himself and Scipio is). The subjectis Friendshil having thus been ouchedipon, Fannius an Scaevola unite in Ahin Laelius to expres his vi e s pon
Thiodisco ursem Laelius compris es ive distinct portions. In two instances the transition are graceiuli made
but Can existini among the good, - goodio in the Stoic, ut in the ordinar sense I 8), - and MAOmeth in de e per an sironger than natura association
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peciali harnasu to tris the strugglin alter politicalprefermen and alter ealth 34), though frequently
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I. Q. MUCIUS augur multa narrare de C. Laelio 1 Socero Suo memoriter et iucunde solebat nec dubitare illum in omni sermone appellare Sapientem. Ego autem a patre ita eram deduCtu ad Caevolam Sumpta virili toga, ut, quoad poSSem et liCeret, a Senis latere numquam diScederem. Itaque multa ab eo prudenter disputata, multa etiam breviter et Commode dicta memoriae mandabam, fierique Studebam eius prudentia doctior. Quo mortuo me ad pontifiCem Scaevolam Contuli, quem latam OStrae Civitatis et ingenio et iustitia praestantissimum audeo diCere. Sed de hoc alias,
nun redeo ad augurem. Cum Saepe multa, tum me a
mini domi in hemicyclio sedentem, ut Solebat, Cum et ego SSem Una et paUCi admodum familiares, in eum sermonem illum incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore. Memini Sti enim profeCto, Attice, et eo magi S, quod P. Sulpicio utebare nihil tum, Cum is tribunia plebi Capitali odio a Q. Pompeio, qui una erat Consul, diSSideret, quocum Coniuncti SSime et amantissime vixerat, quanta esset hominum vel admiratio vel querella. Itaque tum Scaevola, Cum in eam ipsam mentionem incidiSSet ex
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poSuit nobis Sermonem Laeli de amicitia habitum ab illo
secum et Cum alter genero C. Fannio Marci filio, paucis diebus post mortem Africani. Eius disputationis Sententia memoriae mandaVi, quas hoc libro exposui arbitratu meo : quasi enim ipso induXi loquentis, ne inquam et inquit saepius interponeretur atque ut
tamquam a praesentibus Coram haberi Sermo videretur. Cum enim Saepe mecum ageres, ut de amiCitia Criberem aliquid digna mihi res Cum Omnium Ognitione tum nostra familiaritate visa est itaque feci non invitus ut prodeSSem multi rogatu tuo. Sed ut in Catone maiore, qui est Scriptu ad te de Senectute, Catonem induxi Senem disputantem, quia nulla Videbatur aptior persona quae de illa aetate loqueretur, quam eius, qui et diutissime senex fuisset et in pSa SeneCtute Praeter CeteroS floruisset Si C, Cum CCepiSSemta a patribu maXime
memorabilem C. Laeli et P. Scipionis familiaritatem fuisse, idonea mihi Laeli persona Visa Si quae de ami- Citia ea ipsa dissereret, quae disputata ab eo meminisset
SCROUOla. Genus autem hoc sermonum positum in hominum Veterum auCtoritate et eorum illustrium plus
neSCio quo paCto Videtur habere gravitatis. Itaque ipse mea legens Si assicior interdum, ut Catonem, nonyme, loqui exi Stimem. Sed ut tum ad Senem sene de Senectute, si ho libro ad amicum amicissimus scripSi de amicitia. Tum est Cato locutus, quo erat nemo fere senior temporibus illis, nemo prudentior nun Laeliu9 et sapienS, Si enim est habitus, et amicitiae gloria excellens de amicitia loquetur. Tu velim a me animum parumper VertaS, Laelium loqui ipsum putes C. an nius et Q. Mucius ad Socerum Ueniunt post mortem Asricani ab hi Sermo oritur, respondet Laelius, Cuiu S