Cato major de senectute; Laelius de amicitia;

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be shali by and by consider', viderint bella probabi no perfectSubjunctive, ut future perfeci indicative. Phrases ille his arethoroughi discussed by Roby Gr. Vol. II. Preface, P. Vi., and DI 593.

B sapientes no doub the Stoic are meant, ho aught that menought to e entiret unaffecte by an emotions ei ther of ain oro PleaSure. - moveor enim : suppi desiderio froni the preceding

cause an time. - nihil mali etc. the fame opinion is expounde dat tength in Tusc. Disp., Book I; Cf. specialty III. Se at So the reflections o the de athis Hortensius in Brut. 4, an Fam 5, 6, nihil mali et seq. - incommodi the wor is here potiatedi Contrasted illi mali There is nolo ubi a stigii reference to the Stoic

li,sophy, 45 Mitter Hist. of Aiacient Philosophy, Book II. Ch. 5.

11. Cum illo. . . prae Clare Who ould a that his destin hasno been glorious' lit. that he has no been eat with i. e. hy thegod o fates splendidiyy Cf. 5 also Academ. I, 28 quaere

noster sapiens ut vereatur emere opinari praeclareque ari secum utri

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Sible; gerare ould have implied that the fulsit menti the wish was

the SentenCe r lata Se more euphonious. - puero for thi an lother referetices to Scipio' lite se Intr. to C. M. P. XXi -XX iii. The appositive in tempora clauSe, e G. 324 H. 363, 3, 2ὶ adulescens : his no adolescens whicli is the participi os adoles o , is the correct pellingP. 5. - factu ConSul: Ome Scholar WiSh, quite uia neceSSarily. to strike ut the wor consul, on the Strength o passage likemur. 18 quaesturam una petiit et sum Do factus retor; DOm. 52 consularum ei petere liceret, cum factu e et . . . i. howeve Cic. Leg. Agr. 2.3 me esse unum ... qui consulatum petierim, cum primum liciatim sat, consul factat sim, crιm primum fetierim. - ante tempuM: See In tr. to C. M. p. xii Tempus here eth PrOPO O regula time καιρόν.

The legat age a forty- threen Scipio wa Ont thirty-Seven. - Sibi: dativus commodi as regard himseli'; 4 34 amicitiis 18 si Lenti. - Suo tempore manci sal to gain office sι tempore henheris electe to the office at the earli est age hicli the la alio S. On suo Se G. 295 Rem. I; H. 449, 2. Sero hecauSe the Numantine ar ad atready continue eight years and ad proved diS- astrous to the Romans Se ref above duabus Carthage and Numantia, in B. C. 46 and 33. - non modo . . . delevit it is fcourSe inaccurate to spe ali os lotting ut omethin in the future, but the expression has an parallel in very langu age. Delere bellum for the more sua conscere or ro, iure . is fota nil also in Nepos, Alcib. 8 6. - facillimis mos affable'. de pietate ...honitate it is impossibi e to ive generat tales for the insertio or omission of the reposition in the secon an subsequent placeS. I f, hoWever, the reposition ad been repeate here before Iiberatitate, fietate, an bonitate, ach of these qualitie would ave

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stood ut illi greater prominerice an distinctiae SA, oui in facthave been more emPhaSi Zed cf. n. ia 95 inter Scipio gave a

properi received rom his ather's State bonitate . - maerore dolor sarie a fel a the heari, Irιctus a expreSSed by materiai signS, in the ress for inStance, maeror S XPreSSed by the condition oractioni the Sufferer, for Xample by the loom on hi colante nance. The folio in is a tril in PaSSage, Att. I 2, 28, 2 maerorent nimιι

potui SSet A. 3IO, G. 94, 3 II. 5O7, 3, n. 7. - memini. . . diS-Serere on 2. Laeliu and Scipio re tw of the interlocutor in the Cato Maior, an Cic. trive artiuit here o give an iri reali tyto the conversation e relate in that dialogue viriditatem: frestiness'. o the metaphorical se of the word cf. Verg. Aen. 6, 3ος cruda eo viridisque Senectus p ac Agr. 29 iuventus et quibus cruda ac viridis senectus Verg. Aen. 5. 295 viridique iuventa. etiam nunc : even in the est,riter ν tu=ac occasionalty goes illi a

have been ambiguo u after antea, o in urs tum might have been referre by the reade to the time of the conversation belween Scipio, Cato, an Laelius S in Liv. 3, 9 S. ut osten the motive is meret the est re o mahe the narrative vivid, a in CaeS. B. G. 7, 62 6 Drcerto nunc etiam exitat . . . Si la intulerunt; f. h. 6, O, 6; Cic. Cat. I, 9 Sallust, Iug. O9, 3.12. vita ... gloria : Cic. means that Some ould ook on Scipio's life a meret sho vin the effecti luci or hance, hile thers ould thin of the reno vi attendiniit an assume that Scipio deservexit. Gloria here natali es Detus. Fortu=ta and Tirtus are the wo important

attributes of the Roman generat; cf. Pro Balbo o Pompeius in

quo uno ita summa fortu ta cum summa virtute certavi ut sDιs omini quavi deae tribueretur Fam Io 3 2 virtute rice, conticle fortuna;

De Imp. n. Pona. 28 For the ablatives se Roby, 2IO A. 253; G. 398 H. 424. - CCedere oc vel ad fortuitam vel ae gloriam. -moriendi SenSum moriendi A the ac ir proces in dying; mortis ould have a ilTerent meanin and could o be substitute ilhere. Cf. . . 74 Phil. 9, 3 si quis est sensus in morte On Scipio's death se In tr. to C. . p. xxii. - quo de genere mortis

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Vere there is a Oose contrast illi di iti dicta esst, hicli implies nihil Deri solo dici. - celeberrimos no most famotis tut literalty mos attended by crowd ', i. e. Jay on hicli Scipio asthe centre of the popular interest f. Reid'S . on Arch. 4. clarissimum for the application o clarus to things Soeli asperSOn S, agelSbach quote Div. 2 85 Att. 6, I, 22 clarissimi Dιrisiurandi Notice the emphasi gi ven by the repetition o diem frona diebus. - reductus est: it a the custom in times of excitementior eadin statesmen to e scortei to the Senate-hous froni theirhomes an hac again by thei admirers. For the scorto a frona home educere is generalty Sed for the SCOrt home Ward reducere. Se C. M. 63, here the two ord occur together, a the do in Val. - 2, I, For the ood se A. 336, b G. 63o, Rem. I; H.

524, 2, 2 . - a vesperum illi the repoSition ad sub in the accusative os esser is generali used an no that o vespera. populo Romano: sinapi civiba s, the urgeSSes, S OPPOSed tot he socii and Latini. - sociis et Latinis these two ord mustbe aken together a forming one member of the enumeration, Parallel illi patribus conscriptis and gog IU Romano. When an enumeration consist of Ont two member Cicero, excepi in certain Special

bers, he ei ther ut et efore acti member after the fars o leavescit out altogether. In ur paSSage, i sociis and Latinis ad ach of them been entillet to an Separatet in the enumeration, it ould have been necessar to trike ut et Madui has mos thoroughlydiscusse this matter in a note on Fin. 4, 6 an in puScula I, P. 333 Seg. The practice of most the writers of the est periodagrees on the whole illi that o Cicero in his respect f. n. n84. Supero ... cleo ... infero : the wor deos is purposely notplace immediatet alteror eros, in orde to prevent the reade frona unde restandin inferos o mean ius ros deos. With this arrangement SuperOS... es meanS, a Seyffert explain it, superi, qui dei siιnt. 13. nuper no qui te accurate Cf. 24 n. on C. M. 6Ι, alS on Iodo

in in muchos the nowledge of the Gree speculations hic lidente the oul' existenc after death hadlegula o sprea Mamong the educate classes a Rome long e fore Scipio' death. The referen ei chielly, ut o sol ely, to the Epicureans Some of the Peripateti San Some also of the ex Academici held or at eaS Sometimes

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advocate the Same Vie S. - mortui . . . iura the principat leverent rites' ait to the ea are mentione in Cic. Leg. 2, 5 seq.; cf. speciali 5 multa religiosa zιra The paSSage resembles Tusc. I, 26 Seg. Si . . . arbitrarentur cf. TUSC. I, 27 For the impe feci in arbitrare=limr an haereret, modern feeling ould require theptuperfeci. Cic. so the moment realige the paS a preSent, and

so ook on the condition a notoholi paSt ut stili continuing. The sage is ille the Substitution of the present for the past for thesak of vividness, in historical narratives. Osten oth protasis and apodosis contain a veri, in the imperfeci here e liould expect theptuperfect e. r. Verr. 5, 89 Sest 63l; ut it cloes no Often happenthat the apodosis has a veri, in the luperfeci, hile the ver in the

γαρ εἶναί τι το τεθνεῶτι και κακὼν καὶ ἀγαθόν - fuerunt vix

runt See n. on C. M. I uasti The follower o Pythagoras remeant. - nun quidem now, I admit' for the concessive seo quidem f. 74. - tum : Ome adversatiVe particle corresponsing to sed antem vero or the like would e inserte in an modern langu age This adversative asyndeton is speciali common in Cae-Sar a in B. G. I, 8, I celeriter consiliatm dimittit, Liscum retinet;

P. 6. - vel eius : in C. M. 78 Cic. appeat jus as e cloes hereto the Pythagoreans an to Socrates as authorities for the immortalit of the Oul. - qui sc dicebat. - non: Supply et totiens deria re diceret. - tum hoc tum illux the later Academics, particulari Arcesilas an Carneades, professin to follo Socrates, made practice of arguing on both si des of very question, an declared that certaint was anat talia able though probabie conclusion might be forme l. The pridei themselves on notiein oblige to support logmaticali an Set o vlewS Whil others ere in bondage to doctrineS, the only ere re to ut forward no this no that'. f. Cicero' Academica assim, but particulari 2, 34 Ium hoc mi irr babilius, tum Uu videtur a III modo hoc modo imι probabilius

videtur N. D. I, 47 Cotta meus modo hoc mota i d. f. Latr. to C. . p. i. - ut in plerisque Cf. n. in sim, Dum Sui n.

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on . . , euris. - idem Semper, animos etc. Cic. is hin king of Socrates ache appear in the dialogues of Plato, particularly in the Phaedo, pology, Phaedrus, an Timaeus. The )rincipalargument in favor of the ouPs immortalit whicli are ut into Socrates mouth in the Phaedo re an times reproduce by Cicero, Speciali in TuSc. I, Somn. Scip. an Cato Maior. In ne ord esse divinos and reditaιm in caeliιm patere Cic. recali those argument in favor of the oul' pre-nata existence hicli the latonic Socrates Sual ly Oin with his arguments for the ou Ps life aster the eath of the ody. - ex corpore : Sed Or corporibus, since in both Gree an Latin, heia a number of erSon are mentione and then sonae ne hin common to them ali, that thin is osten ut into the singular xv heremur idiona ould require the plurat.

Cf. TuSC. I, O animoS, cum e corrore ex esurint ib. I, 72 animorum

animos, dum in corporibIι essent etc. - optimoque . . . ex PeditiS-Simum f. Tu Sc. I, 4 seq. also Plato, Phaedo II B. On thesuperlative illi quisque See A. 93, c; . OS; H. 458 I. 1ε. praesagiret on thi Word cf. Cic. Div. I, 65 Si ire enim Sentire acute est ex quo satae auus quia multum scire et Dint, ero ac

dicti canes. A litur qui ante sago quam oblatu res est dicitur ram sarire, id est, fruum aut Scire. - Philu sees Introd. i. s. Manilius D se Introd. p. v. - triduum dis Seruit: the discourseis represented by Cicero's ori De Re Publica. de re publica: concerning the common eat ili', i. e. the deal or est formis common ealth. extremum this neuter adj is Sed a a noui frequently by Cic. a. below, O Div. and Io3 also by Lucr. I, 96O, Livy, Tacitus, etc. fuit . . . de treate Of' - animorum the pluralis here e Se the singular, the oul'. in the abstract

the las book of the De Re Ptillica compris in the omnium Scis,onis discussed the immortalit of the oul. lae neuter quae refer notto the whole ork, ut meret to the extremum. Otiod, ould have been correct ut inelegant. Ouae is a sor of explanation Oi extromum the conclusion Pinean Such matter as'. o the latural relative referre to a singula antecedent f. the no Uncommon PhraSeSex eo mere quae Fin 3 7O and ex eo numero qui rei in plural verb

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praetervolare, illi Politare re particulari favori te oriis illi Cic.; se many exx in aget Abach, Stili stili Ira 32, 2. volo implies very rapidoni sudden motion cf. Brut 27, lauto processus faciebar ut

cui censemus : the formo the question is like that in ad quid

arbitramur etc. Censetis otii have been more usual f. in. 3, 5 quena 'rim ardorem studi censetis fuisse in Archimede r- maerere . . .eVentu the ablative follo S doleo, maereo, ita Occurrenceis regardei a the occasion for the expression of the orrow i the accusative, then a the object of the emotion Eventu here salo, ac in Verg. Aen. II, 738 micis exempltim me=Itumque Gaιti, and osten in iv and Caesar. illa haec O I3.-SenSu enim amisso etc. the de is follo ed ut in Tusc. I, 7 SPq. - laetabitur: wil exuit' laetari is stronger than audere. 15. actum optime e St: m. in II. - fuerat: the lita perfectst anil here here the per se C f iit O ina perfeci erat ould have been more usual f terat aeq/tius napties 'it ad alway been in hir yes more reason able to expect'. The substitution is qui te common in uin comedy, a Plaut. Trin. II ei rei operam dare te fuerat ali-qriant aeqItius Terent. Adelph. 683 7 Deinem IIam e tota I s ιι ratia Cere Aster i/Itroieram, in Pilum uisi e supplied rom de vita

publica re usage like his Alio vota at lae thras res usica represented to the Roman two oriis, no one compoti nil ord. f. Fam. I, 9, 2 res ipsa publica ζ ib. I, 8, 4 rei totius Itblicae I ael. 64 reque sublica I res privatae ani res Ithfica re osten contraSte aS

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and opinion'. The wor Pol tutus in Cic. frequently means inclination in politi cs For the definition os frientishil here iveia f. 92

sertim : brieil put o praesertim cum falsa sit c Gn. I, 37 δε- forme est de se ipsi u Iraedicare, falsa praesertim I TUSC. S. I propriisur mentis tractanda ιι resque res est, tanta praesertim. IL 442. quam quod Spero : folle forme construction ad been carrie onxv should have ad quam spes fore etc. The change hori ever i of

Sor common illi Cicero, a Fin. 3, 2 sapientia enim et animima itudinem complecti ur et iustitiam, et ut omnia ita homini accidant infra se esse δει ficet.

Ρ. 7. - cordi: agreeable' sor a fuit discussion os the predicative dative and a lis of e Xample See Oby' Gram. Pre f. t Vol. 2, Pp xxv-lv. The nam predicative Seem unquitable here so cordiis the ne dative on the list illi regar to hicli the substitution fili nominative in the predicative sense is inconceivabie. Cf. 43 curae: O honori See also A. 233, and Oot-note G. 35O H. 39O,

Ι - vi tria et c. So in. I, 65 quod quam mi num sit, ctae v tertim abniae declarant in quibus tam multis tamqas variis ab Dima antiquitate repetitis, tria vix amicorum paria reperiuntur, ut ad Orestem

pervenias proferetis a Theseo. The three air are Theseus and Pirithous, Achilles and Patroclus Orestes and Pylades. The friendshipos a fourth air Damon and Phintias, of hom perhap Cic. WaSthinkin in ur paSsage , i commented on in Off. 3, 48 cf. in. 2,

Sperare Videor . . fore : hi Claus sinapi repeat the sense of the word amicitiae . . fore bove Videor mihi videor. 16. ita necesse est the tu i no pleonasti in phrases of thissori, though iten o regarded. The ense here S istuc necesse est, et eo modo quo D dicis necesse esse. Cf. Arch. 2 hoc ita dici. Anumber of simila passage are quo ted by advi on in . 2, 7 otii Plato, Philebus 2 ἐπειδη τουθ ουτω εἰπεs Sumu otioSi the fame eason for the discourse salven in in I, 4 quoniam anile sumus otiosum. Accordin to Roman seel iniit a no considere lirrope so statesmen to discus philosophica question excepi S a relaxation rom more serious bufines f the exordiam Academica

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ριιM. aking illi them the ord de amicitia aliae sentias the wholema be reel rendered, bour Pinio concerning the theor and practice of friendShip'. In C. V-VII, hicli Correspondo qualem existimes, Laelius gives his te of the n an andis iliae of friend-shil' in c. I XXVI h lay down practical rules an maxinas concerniniit. - mihi vero: this forni os emphatic assent is common in Cicero' dialogues e. r. Academica , 4 ib. 25 ib. I. antevertit: dit turne in front', thrus in front', i. e. his re- quest ori his speech Here trans anticipaled me'. gratum

For Summar Se Introd. P. X. 17. non gravarer would ais io objection'. cf. Cluent. 69primo gravari coepit, quod . . . Praeclara re P cf. 4 digna mihi re visa est praeclara . . . oti,i, ChiaSmuS. - qui ego etc. for thealmos tautological orna of the question Cf. Acad. 2, 32 nec vero Satis constituere fossum uidis it forum ci a ii Dii m aut rι L stadii

velint: Nepos, Dat 6 6 cum iliae ageretur aut quare e re ig=Iorarent. O the ense, cf. Fam 9, 8, 3 ipsa illa si quae fui in me factillas oratiouis Arch. I, oratio etfacultas The word ficultas impii ex re ad iness acquired by practice. - doctorum here philosopher l, proseSSion a in I; Cf. the word below, eis qui istari ostentur. - eaque , Nauci righil remariis that Graecorum is substantive an no meret an epithe of doctorum therwis Cic.

Would have ritiei eorumque for eaque Eaque καὶ ταὐτα See n. Ono et eorum. - ut ei S. . . Subito the practice elonge firs tolli sophist an rhetoricians, then to the philosopher of the NewAcademy. Cf. in. 2, I Sophistae ... tiserum e numero rimris est ausus Leontinus Gormas in conventu poscere quaestion m id est iubere dicere qua de re quis ADt audire. Audax ne tium, dicerem , dens, nisi hoc iusti ut ιm postea translatiam ad nostros hilosophos esset;

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se amicitia disputaris. There is a contrast et ween dissutari and hortari Laelius at irs declares himself nable o ive a scientificand philosophical discussion os friend hi pes te an oni give Ome practical mirections concerning t. - Censeo petati : relatis is directi dependent ii censeo, ιtbein suppreSSed a it osten is illi

note enim, thir xvor in the clause; ad it stoo secon est ould no have been o emphatic. - tam naturae aptum the phraseS naturae astus, ad naturam aptus a re Common in Cic. a Fin. 4, 6;Off. I, oo an are of Stoic origin The Stoic defined virtve asbein τῆ φυσει ὁμολογουμένω ζην, naturae convenienter mere f. below in laturam optimam bene vivendi ducem. - Vel Secundas Vel adversas: so Cic. says o literature Arch. 6 secrandas res

ornant, adversis perfugium ac solacium praebent.1B. nisi in bonis excepi, in the case of good men'. f. 65,

here inter bonos correspond to in bonis here . neque . . . reSeCO no do I probe the question to it roois', i. e. the que Stion hether

Perfeci men sapienteae, σοφοί or σπουδαῖοι - boui, since non e ut the σοφός is σπουδαῖos Could e frientis. So Diog. Laert 7, 24 την φιλίαν ἐν χόνοις τοῖς σπουδαίοι εἶναι λεγουσι, and Aristolle Eth. ic.

and 9 passim : also Socrates in Xen Mem 2 6. O. The Phrasead Dum resecares, iteralty to ut bach to the quick', is here identical in mean in xvith the subtilius disserer that follows, and with the