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Extractum colocynthidis compositum, P. L. I 87. Extractum catharticum, P. L. II15. Pitulae rudii, P. L. 17 20.
Woah Spirit, a Pint. Digest the colocynth pulp in the spirit sor
ur days in a gentie heat; strain the solution, and add lo it the aloe, and scamm0ny; thenevaporate the spirit untii it has acquired a pro-Per ConSiStenCe, and , about the end of the in- spissation, mix in the cardamom feeiis.
As this preparation has been established through successive Pharmacopoeiae, so has it in each undergone some modi-
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fication. That of the last edition, though of better pitularconsistence than the formula in the Pharmacopoeia os II 8I, was sOmewhat weaher in the Same doses, and of soap en tered also into iis composition. To this laiter, objections existed to a certain degree in iis common combination with Submuriate os mercury, and it has been thought ad visable toreCUr again to the former formula, and leave additions os every fori to the will of the prescriber.
Succus cicutae spissatus, P. L. 178I.
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Elaterium, P. L. 1787. P. L. II 45.
This substance is, in faci, not eXtraci but saecula whicli subsides Dom the expressed juice of the fruit, and Domwhicli the supernatant liquor is either potared o T, or Sepa-
rated by immersion of tWisis of cotton hanging exteriorly, over the fide of the vesset, below the levet of the sursace of the contained liquor, for it is too viscid to salire through pa-per. It is only under the very generat application of the term Extraci previ usty mentioned that iis use can be justisted here. The preparation appears hoWever scarcely to be Simple faecula only, and iis violent effecis are probably oWing to Some other adherent matter; and on this principie Beatameand others rather prefer that it should be prepared by inspissation of the aqueo us solutiora, than by mere collection of the faecula whicli subsides Dona it.
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Εxtractum Gentianae, P. L. II 87.
Extractum glycyrrhigae, P. L. 1787. P. L. 1715.
The large quantity of this extract Which is employed sor
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235 various purposes in this country is imported frona Spatia, and very litile is actualty prepared here. From it a purer CX-traci is made by a repetition of the processes of solution andeVaporation, and kept in the Stiops under the name of Re- ta Liquorice.
Log ood is extremely hard, and in order that mater may dissolve the solubie paris, it becomes necessary that the wood should be first minutely divided by some means or other; isit be bought in the state of powder, it is generalty much adulteraled, and the best mode os dividing it seems to be by the file. The wood, however, is of no great Value, and whether the whole extractive matter be dissolved or not by the decoction here directed, is not of much consequence.
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Μacerato the julat' root in the spirit forfour days, and pour olf the tincture : boil theremaining poWder in the water uniit it he reduced to tWo pinis then stra in the tincture anil decoction separately, and let the formertio distilled, and the lalter evapora ted untileach hegins to gro v thich. Lastly, mix theoxtra i With the resin, and reduce it to a pro-
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Extractum thebaicum, Opium colatum, P. L. I 45. Extractum thebaicum, P. L. 1720.
Tahe of Opium sit ced, half a potand. Water, three Pinis. Pour a finali quantity of the water Upon theopium, and macerate it sor twelve hours thatit may beeo me sost; thera, adding the rem aining Water gradually, rub them together uritilthe mixture he complete. Set it by that thesie Culen Cies may subside; then strain the litiquor, and evaporate it to a pro Per conSistence.
Crude optum, carefulty selected, has been preserred to the former purifled article sor medicat Use. An extraci analogouqto the present has also been long in Use, and Seems to pr duce iis sedative effect with less subsequent derangement of the nervous system than the optum iiself. It depends uponthe solution os ali that cold Water Will dissolve, and requiresto be trealed correctly according to the directions given; it differs Dom the old Opium colatum, in the preparation Ofwhicli bolling Water and expression through a linen cloth
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were used: It may be at present rather doubtial in What constituent part of the compound mass called Opium iis narcotic Wers especialty reside. Derosne A. C. V. 45.) considersit as depending upon a distinct principie, Which he there recalis Narcotic, but the whole subject will bear farther elucidation. Water Will dissolve of dried optum
These solutions Were assisted by heat, and afterWards susser-ed to cool be re the Extract Was separated. A process Very similar to the present Was employed in the Pharmacopoeia os 1 20, and the optum colatum Was adopted in that of I745, as being more expeditiousty prepared. Itis remarkabie, that the old solution Was described as beingintended not only to separate eXtraneous substances, butfurther to correct certain noxious qualities Which were ascribed to iis volatile and resinous paris, and which were bythis means effectualty separated. It is stated that half a pound of opium yields about two ounces and a half of this extract.
ΕXtractum papaveris albi, P. L. II 8I.
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This Extraci is prepared by decoction os the poppy capsules in Water and subsequent inspissation; it differs there- fore Dom optum, Whicli is belleved to be the concreted milhyJuice whicli exudes oti making incisions into the fresh capsules, though probably some additions are made to it. Six grairis of this Extraci are about equivalent to one os optum :hut much of the comparative narcotic poWer of the plant it-self may depend Dpon the influence of climate. The seedsare first to be separated frona the capsules, for they produceno narcotic effeci, they contain Oil and naucllage, and rea lilyrub into an emulSion.